scholarly journals Temperature dependence of parametric instabilities in the context of the shock-ignition approach to inertial confinement fusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Weber ◽  
C. Riconda
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Hot Electron ◽  
Compression Phase ◽  
Electron Production ◽  
Shock Ignition

The role of the coronal electron plasma temperature for shock-ignition conditions is analysed with respect to the dominant parametric processes: stimulated Brillouin scattering, stimulated Raman scattering, two-plasmon decay (TPD), Langmuir decay instability (LDI) and cavitation. TPD instability and cavitation are sensitive to the electron temperature. At the same time the reflectivity and high-energy electron production are strongly affected. For low plasma temperatures the LDI plays a dominant role in the TPD saturation. An understanding of laser–plasma interaction in the context of shock ignition is an important issue due to the localization of energy deposition by collective effects and hot electron production. This in turn can have consequences for the compression phase and the resulting gain factor of the implosion phase.

scholarly journals Observation of a high degree of stopping for laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieru Ren ◽  
Zhigang Deng ◽  
Wei Qi ◽  
Benzheng Chen ◽  
Bubo Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Intense Laser ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Proton Beams

Abstract Intense particle beams generated from the interaction of ultrahigh intensity lasers with sample foils provide options in radiography, high-yield neutron sources, high-energy-density-matter generation, and ion fast ignition. An accurate understanding of beam transportation behavior in dense matter is crucial for all these applications. Here we report the experimental evidence on one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter, in comparison with the current-widely used models describing individual ion stopping in matter. Supported by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we attribute the enhancement to the strong decelerating electric field approaching 1 GV/m that can be created by the beam-driven return current. This collective effect plays the dominant role in the stopping of laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter. This finding is essential for the optimum design of ion driven fast ignition and inertial confinement fusion.

scholarly journals Wavelength dependence of laser plasma interaction related to shock ignition approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pisarczyk ◽  
S.Yu. Gus'kov ◽  
R. Dudzak ◽  
O. Renner ◽  
D. Batani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Fast Electron ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Hot Electron ◽  
Wave Pressure ◽  
Shock Wave Pressure ◽  
Shock Ignition

AbstractThis paper provides a summary of recent research connected with the shock ignition (SI) concept of the inertial confinement fusion which was carried out at PALS. In the experiments, Cu planar targets coated with a thin CH layer were used. Two-beam irradiation experiment was applied to investigate the effect of preliminary produced plasma to shock-wave generation. The 1ω or 3ω main beam with a high intensity >1015 W/cm2 generates shock wave, while the other 1ω beam with the intensity below 1014 W/cm2 creates CH pre-plasma simulating the pre-compressed plasma related to SI. Influence of laser wavelength on absorbed energy transfer to shock wave was studied by means of femtosecond interferometry and measuring the crater volume. To characterize the hot electron and ion emission, two-dimensional (2D) Kα-imaging of Cu plasma and grid collector measurements were used. In single 1ω beam experiments energy transport by fast electrons produced by resonant absorption made a significant contribution to shock-wave pressure. However, two-beam experiments with 1ω main beam show that the pre-plasma is strongly degrading the scalelength which leads to decreasing the fast electron energy contribution to shock pressure. In both the single 3ω beam experiments and the two-beam experiments with the 3ω main beam, do not show any clear influence of fast electron transport on shock-wave pressure. The non-monotonic behavior of the scalelength at changing the laser beam focal radius in both presence and absence of pre-plasma reflects the competition of plasma motion and electron heat conduction under the conditions of one-dimensional and 2D plasma expansion at large and small focal radii, respectively.

Temperature relaxation in strongly-coupled binary ionic mixtures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Sprenkle ◽  
Luciano Silvestri ◽  
M. S. Murillo ◽  
Scott Bergeson
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Coulomb Systems ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature Relaxation

Abstract New facilities such as the National Ignition Facility and the Linac Coherent Light Source have pushed the frontiers of high energy-density matter. These facilities offer unprecedented opportunities for exploring extreme states of matter, ranging from cryogenic solid-state systems to hot, dense plasmas, with applications to inertial-confinement fusion and astrophysics. However, significant gaps in our understanding of material properties in these rapidly evolving systems still persist. In particular, non-equilibrium transport properties of strongly-coupled Coulomb systems remain an open question. Here, we study ion-ion temperature relaxation in a binary mixture, exploiting a recently-developed dual-species ultracold neutral plasma. We compare measured relaxation rates with atomistic simulations and a range of popular theories. Our work validates the assumptions and capabilities of the simulations and invalidates theoretical models in this regime. This work illustrates an approach for precision determinations of detailed material properties in Coulomb mixtures across a wide range of conditions.

scholarly journals Progress in understanding the role of hot electrons for the shock ignition approach to inertial confinement fusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 032012 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Batani ◽  
L. Antonelli ◽  
F. Barbato ◽  
G. Boutoux ◽  
A. Colaïtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Hot Electrons ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Confinement Fusion ◽  
Shock Ignition

scholarly journals Towards ultra-intense ultra-short ion beams driven by a multi-PW laser

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 288-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Badziak ◽  
J. Domański
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Particle In Cell

AbstractThe multi-petawatt (PW) lasers currently being built in Europe as part of the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project will be capable of generating femtosecond light pulses of ultra-relativistic intensities (~1023–1024 W/cm2) that have been unattainable so far. Such laser pulses can be used for the production of high-energy ion beams with unique features that could be applied in various fields of scientific and technological research. In this paper, the prospect of producing ultra-intense (intensity ≥1020 W/cm2) ultra-short (pico- or femtosecond) high-energy ion beams using multi-PW lasers is outlined. The results of numerical studies on the acceleration of light (carbon) ions, medium-heavy (copper) ions and super-heavy (lead) ions driven by a femtosecond laser pulse of ultra-relativistic intensity, performed with the use of a multi-dimensional (2D3 V) particle-in-cell code, are presented, and the ion acceleration mechanisms and properties of the generated ion beams are discussed. It is shown that both in the case of light ions and in the case of medium-heavy and super-heavy ions, ultra-intense femtosecond multi-GeV ion beams with a beam intensity much higher (by a factor ~102) and ion pulse durations much shorter (by a factor ~104–105) than achievable presently in conventional radio frequency-driven accelerators can be produced at laser intensities of 1023 W/cm2 predicted for the ELI lasers. Such ion beams can open the door to new areas of research in high-energy density physics, nuclear physics and inertial confinement fusion.

scholarly journals Collective absorption of laser radiation in plasma at sub-relativistic intensities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Gu ◽  
O. Klimo ◽  
Ph. Nicolaï ◽  
S. Shekhanov ◽  
S. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Plasma Waves ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Hot Electron ◽  
Plasma Parameters

Processes of laser energy absorption and electron heating in an expanding plasma in the range of irradiances $I\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}^{2}=10^{15}{-}10^{16}~\text{W}\,\cdot \,\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}^{2}/\text{cm}^{2}$ are studied with the aid of kinetic simulations. The results show a strong reflection due to stimulated Brillouin scattering and a significant collisionless absorption related to stimulated Raman scattering near and below the quarter critical density. Also presented are parametric decay instability and resonant excitation of plasma waves near the critical density. All these processes result in the excitation of high-amplitude electron plasma waves and electron acceleration. The spectrum of scattered radiation is significantly modified by secondary parametric processes, which provide information on the spatial localization of nonlinear absorption and hot electron characteristics. The considered domain of laser and plasma parameters is relevant for the shock ignition scheme of inertial confinement fusion.

X‐ray spectroscopy of high‐energy density inertial confinement fusion plasmas

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3328-3336 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Keane ◽  
B. A. Hammel ◽  
D. R. Kania ◽  
J. D. Kilkenny ◽  
R. W. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Fusion Plasmas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Confinement Fusion

scholarly journals AWE experimental laser plasma program

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DUNNE ◽  
J. EDWARDS ◽  
P. GRAHAM ◽  
A. EVANS ◽  
S. ROTHMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Strong Shock ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Radiation Hydrodynamics ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range

The achievement of ignition from an Inertial Confinement Fusion capsule will require a detailed understanding of a wide range of high energy density phenomena. This paper presents some recent work aimed at improving our knowledge of the strength and equation of state characteristics of low-Z materials, and outlines data which will provide quantitative benchmarks against which our predictive radiation hydrodynamics capabilities can be tested. Improvements to our understanding in these areas are required if reproducible and predictable fusion energy production is to be achieved on the next generation of laser facilities.In particular, the HELEN laser at AWE has been used to create a thermal X-ray source with 140 eV peak radiation temperature and 3% instantaneous flux uniformity to allow measurements of the Equation of State of materials at pressures up to 20 Mbar to an accuracy of <±2% in shock velocity. The same laser has been used to investigate the onset of spallation upon the release of a strong shock at a metal-vacuum boundary, with dynamic radiography used to image the spalled material in flight for the first time. Finally, a range of experiments have been performed to generate quantitative radiation hydrodynamics data on the evolution of gross target defects, driven in both planar and imploding geometry. X-ray radiography was used to record the evolving target deformation in a system where the X-ray drive and unperturbed target response were sufficiently characterized to permit meaningful analysis. The results have been compared to preshot predictions made using a wide variety of fluid codes, highlighting substantial differences between the various approaches, and indicating significant discrepancies with the experimental reality. The techniques developed to allow quantitative comparisons are allowing the causes of the discrepancies to be identified, and are guiding the development of new simulation techniques.

scholarly journals High energy electron radiography scheme with high spatial and temporal resolution in three dimension based on a e-LINAC

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhao ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
W. Gai ◽  
Y. Du ◽  
S. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Electron Linear Accelerator ◽  
Confinement Fusion

AbstractWe present a scheme of electron beam radiography to dynamically diagnose the high energy density (HED) matter in three orthogonal directions simultaneously based on electron Linear Accelerator. The dynamic target information such as, its profile and density could be obtained through imaging the scattered electron beam passing through the target. Using an electron bunch train with flexible time structure, a very high temporal evolution could be achieved. In this proposed scheme, it is possible to obtain 1010 frames/second in one experimental event, and the temporal resolution can go up to 1 ps, spatial resolution to 1 µm. Successful demonstration of this concept will have a major impact for both future inertial confinement fusion science and HED physics research.

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