scholarly journals Rethinking Party System Nationalization in India (1952–2014)

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan H. Schakel ◽  
Wilfried Swenden
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Party System ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
State Party ◽  
Election Result ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Election Results ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Electoral Performance

This article provides a new conceptual and empirical analysis of party system nationalization, based on four different measurements. Unlike previous nationalization studies, these measurements conceptualize party system nationalization on the basis of electoral performance in national (general or federal) and sub-national (state) elections. After introducing these measurements we apply them to 16 general and 351 state elections in India, the world’s largest democracy with strong sub-national governments. By incorporating state election results we are able to demonstrate that: (1) the pattern of denationalization in India has been more gradual than assumed in previous studies of party system nationalization; (2) denationalization in recent decades results less from dual voting (vote shifting between state and federal elections) than from the growing divergence among state party systems (in state and federal elections); (3) the 2014 general election result, although potentially transformative in the long run, provides more evidence of continuity than change in the short run.

scholarly journals Comparison of agrarian political  parties in selected Central European states after 1989

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 544-553
Author(s):  
P. Blažek ◽  
M. Kubalek
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Agriculture Modernization ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The City

This study deals with the founding and development of agrarian political parties and movements in selected postcommunist states (with the emphasis put on the Czech party system in the early 1990‘s). The topic is discussed from the point of view of classic political science theories, namely the historical conflict approach of Stein Rokkan and Seymour Martin Lipset, complemented with Derek Urwin’s theory regarding emergence of agrarian parties as a means of defense of country against urbanization. The results of research into the urban – rural cleavage and its influence on the genesis of agrarian political parties in selected post-communist countries after 1989 seem to support the above mentioned theories (even though those were originally formulated for a much earlier period when the Western party systems were first coming into existence. These can be applied also to the Czech environment, where several profession-based political parties were established in the early 1990’s, some of which were concerned with the defense of peasants’ and farmers’ interests. The attempts to create profession-based parties in the Czech political system were destined to fail for several reasons. The first was a striking ideological profiling of the bipolar party spectrum, causing general parties to pick up the themes and voters concerned with economic recession, and radicalization of electorate. The second reason lied in the diminishing numbers of potential voters, a result of agriculture modernization and general urbanization of society, which caused that the city-country conflict was reflected in the election results only marginally. The result was similar to other post-Soviet states, with a specific exception of Poland: agrarian parties and movements lost their former influence.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis of the Macroeconomic impact of Foreign Aid on Pakistan Economy (1972-2014)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-596
Author(s):  
Hifsa Bibi ◽  
Amjad Amin ◽  
Danish Alam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Macroeconomic Impact ◽  
Short Run

Purpose: Although Pakistan receives large quantity of foreign aid, like other developing countries, but it remains more dependent on foreign assistance for economic development since independence.  This situation has commenced a vigorous discussion on aid-growth effectiveness. Methodology: This research work evaluates the macroeconomic impact of foreign aid on Pakistan economy by using secondary data. The empirical analysis is based on ARDL cointegration approach after testing for unit root, using the data for the period 1972-2014. Findings: The findings suggest there is no long run relationship between Foreign aid and Economic Growth. However, there exists negative short run relation between Foreign aid and Economic Growth of Pakistan. Implications: Based on the study findings, the study recommends that government of Pakistan should find alternate sources of financing as the relation between foreign aid and economic growth is found negative and insignificant. The in depth analysis of the study made it evident that allocation of aid to those sectors of the economy which really needs development, is more productive, provided that the country should use aid funds in the right direction, as corruption less economy prosper more rapidly.

Ghana's political parties: how ethno/regional variations sustain the national two-party system

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minion K. C. Morrison ◽  
Jae Woo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Party System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Party Organisation ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
Complex Varieties ◽  
Election Results

This paper analyses Ghanaian electoral geography and its accompanying political party variations over the last decade. After re-democratisation in the early 1990s, the Fourth Republic of Ghana has successfully completed multiple elections and party alternation. Due to its single-member-district-plurality electoral system, the country has functioned virtually as a two-party system, privileging its two major parties – the NDC and the NPP. However, close examination of election results in the last parliamentary and presidential elections reveals that notwithstanding the two-party tendency, there is a dynamic and multilayered aspect of electoral participation in Ghanaian politics. Ethnic-based regional cleavages show much more complex varieties of electoral support for the two major parties, especially in light of fragmentation and concentration. Electoral support in the ten regions varies from strong one-party-like to almost three-party systems. Yet this lower, regional level tendency is not invariable. Regional party strengths have shifted from election to election, and it was just such shifts that made the party alternation possible in 2000. Employing traditional and newly designed indicators, this paper illustrates the patterns of electoral cleavage and regional party organisation, and how these ultimately sustain the party system at the national level in Ghana.

scholarly journals Effects of model specification, short-run, and long-run inefficiency: an empirical analysis of stochastic frontier models

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu ALEM
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Panel Data Models ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper examines the recent advances in stochastic frontier (SF) models and its implications for the performance of Norwegian crop-producing farms. In contrast to the previous studies, we used a cost function in multiple input-output frameworks to estimate both long-run (persistent) and short-run (transient) inefficiency. The empirical analysis is based on unbalanced farm-level panel data for 1991–2013 with 3 885 observations from 455 Norwegian farms specialising in crop production. We estimated seven SF panel data models grouped into four categories regarding the assumptions used to the nature of inefficiency. The estimated cost efficiency scores varied from 53–95%, showing that the results are sensitive to how the inefficiency is modeled and interpreted.

scholarly journals From convergence to congruence: European integration and citizen–elite congruence

2021 ◽  
pp. 146511652110249
Author(s):  
Daniel Devine ◽  
Raimondas Ibenskas
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Party ◽  
The Public ◽  
Party Positions ◽  
Expert Surveys

Recent research argues that European integration has led to an ideological convergence of member state party systems, which is purported to have significant consequences for democratic representation. We argue that convergence of party positions is less problematic if congruence between governed and governing is maintained. We therefore turn to test whether integration has had an effect on congruence between the public and their governing elites. Using five measures of integration, two sources of public opinion data, and expert surveys on political parties, we find little evidence that integration into the European Union reduces congruence between the public and the national party system, government or legislature either ideologically or across five issue areas. These results should assuage concerns about integration’s effect on domestic political representation.

scholarly journals Human Capital Impacts of Income Inequality: An Extensive Empirical Analysis From The African Continent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnanil Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
African Continent ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

Abstract This paper evaluates the impacts of income inequality on life expectancy in the African countries. The empirical analysis has been performed on a panel dataset of 52 African nations covering the period of 1995-2018. For estimating the relationship, I have employed Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) technique and a Panel Error Correction Model (PECM). The long-run cointegrating relationship was estimated using a Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (PDOLS) estimator. The outputs of both static and dynamic estimation models suggest that income inequality has negatively affected life expectancy at birth in the African continent overall. Though a positive short-run causal relationship was established, in the long-run, income inequality had deleterious effects. A series of steps had been followed to check the soundness of the result of the main empirical examination and it was confirmed that the results are robust.

scholarly journals LENIENCY AND COOPERATION PROGRAMS IN BRAZIL: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FROM 1994 TO 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Mariana da Silva Lima ◽  
Lucia Helena Salgado ◽  
Eduardo Pedral Sampaio Fiuza
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Antitrust Policy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Leniency Program ◽  
The Eu

ABSTRACT Leniency and cooperation programs are considered important instruments to assist in the effectiveness of the antitrust policy and they are designed to attend the following purposes: in the short run to facilitate detection of cartels and in the long run to destabilize existing cartels and deter the appearance of new ones. This study aims to analyze empirically whether the Brazilian leniency program has been achieving these goals. To this end, it tests the hypotheses developed by Brenner (2009) to assess the effectiveness of the EU leniency program.

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