scholarly journals Striving for Consistency: Why German Sentencing Needs Reform

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1625-1648
Author(s):  
Clara Herz
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Sentencing Guidelines ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Advisory Bodies

AbstractGiven the debate at the seventy-second Conference of the Association of German Jurists (Deutscher Juristentag) in September 2018 on whether German sentencing needs reform, this Article will explore this very question in greater detail. In this regard, this Article will present various empirical studies in order to demonstrate that notable inconsistencies in German sentencing practice exist. This Article will then point out that broad statutory sentencing ranges, along with fairly vague sentencing guidance, are among the main causes of these disparities. Subsequently, this Article will examine several mechanisms that selected foreign jurisdictions—namely the U.S., the U.K., and Australia—have put in place in order to enhance consistency in their sentencing practices. Three mechanisms of sentencing guidance will be distinguished here: First, formal sentencing guidelines; second, guideline judgments; and third, sentencing advisory bodies as they operate in some Australian states. This Article will compare these mechanisms and assess their merits and drawbacks. Based on this comparative study, this Article will look at how to improve consistency in German sentencing practice. In this respect, this Article will present three steps that German criminal law reform should follow, including a better sentencing framework, the strategic gathering of sentencing data, and the implementation of a flexible sentencing guidelines regime.

scholarly journals Sentencing Reform in Canada: Recent Developments

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian V. Roberts ◽  
Andrew von Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Sentencing Guidelines ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Sentencing Reform ◽  
Solicitor General ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments

Changes to the sentencing process in Canada are finally imminent. A number of reports in recent years have called for reforms in the area of sentencing and parole. In 1987, the Canadian Sentencing Commission released its final report Sentencing Reform: A Canadian Approach. This was followed in 1988 by the report of the Daubney Committee following its investigation into sentencing and parole. In addition to these proposals, the now-defunct Law Reform Commission of Canada, the Department of Justice and the Ministry of the Solicitor General all published reports containing reform proposals. In this article, the authors review recent events in the area of sentencing since the publication of the report of the Canadian Sentencing Commission. After a brief introduction, four principal policy issues are examined: (i) statutory statements of sentencing purpose; (ii) sentencing guidelines; (iii) the future of release on parole; (iv) the creation of a permanent sentencing commission for Canada. For each issue, the article critically examines the position taken by major players in the area of criminal law reform. The article concludes with a brief examination of Bill C-90, which recently received first reading, and which will be the object of further parliamentary scrutiny in the fall of 1992. In a subsequent article, the authors offer their own proposals to reform the sentencing of offenders in Canada.

scholarly journals Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Tentang Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-42
Author(s):  
Kania Mulia Utami ◽  
Ridwan Ridwan ◽  
Aan Asphianto
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Rule ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Law

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  untuk membahas tentang pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pengguna jasa prostitusi dalam perspektir perbandingan Indonesia dan Swedia. Tipe penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif. Hasil Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa menurut hukum positif di Indonesia tidak adanya pertanggungjawaban pidana yang  dapat menjerat pengguna jasa prostitusi secara jelas dan tegas sehingga belum efektif dan menyebabkan tidak maksimalnya dalam penanggulangan prostitusi itu sendiri. Apabila tidak ada aturan hukum di indonesia yang mengatur tentang pengguna jasa prostitusi, maka para pengguna jasa prostitusi akan merasa aman dan tetap leluasa  membeli jasa untuk kepuasan mereka semata. Berbeda dengan kebijakan hukum di Swedia yang sudah memiliki aturan yang dapat menjerat hukum terhadap pengguna jasa prostitusi. Pertanggungjawaban pidana dalam hal ini sangatlah diperlukan pengaturan yang jelas dan tegas, oleh karena itu diperlukan pembaharuan hukum pidana terkait pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi para pengguna jasa prostitusi di Indonesia. ABSTRACT This article aims to discuss criminal liability on prostitution clients criminal liability in a comparative study between indonesia and swedish . This research is normative.  The result of this study lead to the conclusion that based on the positive law in Indonesia there is no criminal liability that can ensnare the users of prostitution service clearly and decisively so there is not effective and not too optimum of handling prostitution. If there is no legal rule in Indonesia that regulates the users of prostitution services, then the users of prostitution services will feel safe and remain free to buy services for their satisfaction. Unlike the legal policy in Sweden which already has rules that can ensnare the law against prostitution service users. Criminal liability in this case is clearly and strictly needed, therefore, criminal law reform is needed related to criminal liability for users of prostitution services in Indonesia.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN SHIP-ACCOUNTING PRACTICES TO 1900: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE VESSELS

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-51
Author(s):  
Jan Richard Heier
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Accounting Model ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The U.S

Accounting has always been utilitarian in nature. It adapts to the changes in the business environment by meeting the need for new types of information. The change in waterborne transportation in the U.S. during the 19th century provides an example of such an environmental change that led to a need for accounting adaptation. With the advent of the steamboat, old accounting methods were modified and new ones created to meet the changes in the business environment. In the process, a standardized ships-accounting model was developed. The model can be seen in the accounting records of three ships that sailed at the beginning of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Evaluating #MeToo: The Perspective of Criminal Law Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-846
Author(s):  
Tatjana Hörnle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe article describes the #MeToo-movement in the United States and Germany and discusses the merits and problems of this social phenomenon. It highlights the fact that some features of #MeToo (blaming and sanctioning wrongdoers) resemble those of criminal punishment and thus require careful justification. In the final part, the author examines the impact of the #MeToo-movement on criminal law reform.

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