scholarly journals Making the implicit quality standards and performance expectations for traditional legal scholarship explicit

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Marnix Snel
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Law Professors ◽  
Evaluative Standards

AbstractScholars in search of quality standards for traditional legal scholarship could well end up disappointed. By answering the question concerning what standards legal academics use for evaluating such works—through reviewing the international literature on evaluative standards and interviews with forty law professors—this Article aims at filling this gap. This Article recommends that traditional legal scholarship is judged by using the following criteria: (1) the conceptual design—a clearly formulated research question that is both original and significant and the adequacy of the methods proposed to answer that question; (2) the composition of a particular line of reasoning—does the researcher adhere to principles of accountability, accuracy, balance, and credibility?; and (3) the overall characteristics of a work of scholarship—the readability and persuasiveness of the whole and the extent to which the researcher managed to identify and clarify the presuppositions that may have potentially affected her inquiry.

Serviceability Assessment of a Printed Finish on T-Shirts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Reannan Riedy ◽  
Meredith McQuerry
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Soil Release ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Typical Consumer ◽  
Change Material

To improve the comfort of agricultural workers, a T-shirt with a printed active cooling finish was evaluated to determine if it would meet the wash life durability and performance expectations of such an arduous application. Six shirts with a printed phase change material (PCM) finish and six shirts without (control) were washed 50 times to replicate a typical consumer wash life. Shirts were evaluated for absorbency, dimensional change, colorfastness, crocking, abrasion resistance, soil release, and smoothness retention according to AATCC and ASTM standard test methods. Testing was conducted before laundering and after 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 consumer laundry (CL) cycles. Absorbency and dimensional change were significantly influenced by the PCM finish. Results demonstrate the appropriateness of adopting such a finish technology for agricultural worker clothing applications.

Organisational form and performance in fashion retailing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pericles Ramón Mejía-Vásquez ◽  
Roberto Sánchez-Gómez ◽  
Sheila Serafim da Silva ◽  
Luis Vázquez-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Organisational Form ◽  
Level Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Level Performance

PurposeThis research seeks to discover how the organisational form (franchising vs vertical integration) of 384 fashion stores belonging to a Spanish franchise chain influences unit-level performance measured through three key indicators commonly used in the retail literature: sales per square metre, sales per employee and service quality scores.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have analysed this research question using bivariate and multivariate analyses, with a panel dataset that includes quarterly establishment-level data covering the period from January 2018 to December 2019.FindingsThe aggregated data initially reveal weaker outcomes among franchised establishments. However, after controlling for other variables related to the fashion stores and their local markets, the authors have found that franchised establishments record higher sales both per square metre and per employee than vertically integrated stores. The findings also reveal that franchised establishments record lower service quality scores than their company-owned counterparts.Originality/valueNothing has been published on the differences between franchising and company ownership in terms of establishment-level performance in fashion retailing.

GENDER AND THE POLITICS OF MUSIC IN THE EARLY ISLAMIC COURTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 235-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Nielson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Professional Musician ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Musical Semiotics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Islamic Courts

Until the ninth century, the role of the professional musician in pre-Islamic Arabia and Mesopotamia was primarily fulfilled by women. Men were socially prohibited from working as musicians, though some transgressed gender and social boundaries by adopting feminine dress and playing ‘women's’ instruments. With the advent of Islam, patronage of qiyān (singing girls), mukhannathūn (effeminates) and later, male musicians, did not substantially change. During the early Abbasid era (750–950 ce), however, their collective visibility in court entertainments was among several factors leading to debates regarding the legal position of music in Islam. The arguments for and against took place in the realm of politics and interpretation of religious law yet the influence of traditional expectations for gendered musical performance that had existed on the cultural landscape for millennia also contributed to the formation of a musical semiotics used by both sides.In this article, I examine the representation of musicians in the early Islamic court in Baghdad from the perspective of select ninth-century Arabic texts. First, I begin with a summary of the gender roles and performance expectations for pre-Islamic court musicians and point to their continuation into the early Islamic courts. Then, I suggest how the figure of the musician became a key referent in the development of a musical semiotics used in medieval Islamic music discourse.

Intellectual capital and performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugénia Pedro ◽  
João Leitão ◽  
Helena Alves
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Global Vision ◽  
Customer Capital ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the predominant classification of intellectual capital (IC), in terms of components, using the literature of reference on the relationship between IC and performance and considering multi-dimensional analysis axes (MAAs): organisational, regional and national. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review (SLR) is presented focussing on empirical studies on IC published in the period 1960-2016. A protocol for action is defined and a research question is raised, gathering data from the databases of: Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. A social network analysis is also provided to determine the type of networks embracing groups, IC individual components and performance type. Findings Of the 777 papers included in the SLR, 189 deal with the relationship between IC and performance. The paper highlights the greater development of empirical studies starting from 2004; the organisational MAA is the most studied. The most frequently used groups of components in studies dealing with IC’s influence on performance corresponds to a triad of human capital; structural (organisational or process) capital; and relational (social or customer) capital, which determine positively the performance of organisations/regions/countries, but their influence is not linear and depends on various factors associated with the context and surrounding environment. Practical implications This study has wide-ranging implications for politicians/governments, managers and academics, providing empirical evidence about the relationships between the components of IC and performance, by MAAs, and a global vision and better understanding of how those IC components have developed and how they are related to performance. Originality/value Due to the high number of references covering a wide range of disciplines and the various dimensions (e.g. organisational, regional and national) that form IC, it becomes fundamental to carry out an SRL and systematise its MAAs to deepen knowledge about what has been discovered/developed in this domain, in terms of empirical studies, in order to situate the topic in a wider theoretical-practical context. The paper is exceptionally wide-ranging, covering the period 1960-2016. It is one of the first clarifying studies on systemisation of the literature on IC, by MAA, and an in-depth study of IC’s impact on the performance of organisations/regions and countries which may serve as a guideline for future studies using the taxonomy proposed.

The Role of Situation Perception in Teaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Michelle P. Martin-Raugh ◽  
Harrison J. Kell ◽  
Richard J. Tannenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Student Behaviors ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Classroom Discussions ◽  
Course Content ◽  
And Performance

Background/Context Rich classroom discussions are thought to provide several benefits to students, including improved connections to course content and general literacy development, and they provide a rich evidence stream from which teachers can make inferences about student learning to contribute to decisions about next teaching and learning steps. However, the way in which teachers perceive complex social situations characterized by student behaviors and aspects of the learning environment varies. Research has shown that expert teachers are better than novice teachers at identifying information that is important in complex social situations and that this expertise translates into improved teaching decisions. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This study examined whether situation perception is related to teachers’ performance when they lead classroom discussions. Research Design A total of 126 elementary school teacher candidates completed video-based situation perception and personality measures; scores were used to predict performance in simulations of facilitated classroom discussions. Findings/Results Situation perception was associated with candidates’ performance in discussions (r = .20, p < .05), and agreeableness was associated with situation perception (r = .21, p < .05) and performance in leading discussions (r = .19, p < .05). Conclusions/Recommendations Findings provide preliminary evidence to suggest that situation perception may be an important skill for teachers in leading discussions.

Usage of ICT Tools in New Product Development

2010 ◽  
pp. 76-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Risom Jespersen ◽  
Nuka Buck
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
New Product ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Strategic Emphasis ◽  
Innovative Climate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
And Performance

Involvement of users in new product development is needed more than ever due to the technological and the social progression in recent years. Usage of ICT tools is one approach forwarded in literature discussing user-involvement. This chapter explores the antecedents of ICT usage in NPD. We utilize five groups of factors: innovative climate, strategic emphasis on ICT tools, ICT champions, competencies and performance expectations. To this end three case studies were conducted. The case findings demonstrate that the most significant antecedents for sustained user-involvement in NPD with ICT tools are strategic emphasis, competencies and the type of ICT champion.

EXPRESS: Gender (Still) Matters in Business School

2020 ◽  
pp. 002224372097236
Author(s):  
Aradhna Krishna ◽  
A. Yeşim Orhun
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Business School ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Increase Student Achievement ◽  
Administrative Dataset ◽  
Academic Aptitude ◽  
And Performance

This research documents systematic gender performance differences (GPD) at a top business school using a unique administrative dataset and survey of students. The findings show that women’s grades are 11% of a standard deviation lower in quantitative courses than those of men with similar academic aptitude and demographics, and men’s grades are 23% of a standard deviation lower in nonquantitative courses than those of comparable women. The authors discuss and test for different reasons for this finding. They show that a female instructor significantly cuts down GPD for quantitative courses by raising the grades of women. In addition, female instructors increase women’s interest and performance expectations in these courses and are perceived as role models by their female students. These results provide support for a gender stereotype process for GPD and show that faculty can serve as powerful exemplars to challenge gender stereotypes and increase student achievement. The authors discuss several important implications of these findings for business schools and for society.

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