scholarly journals Review 1: Exploring the impact of a brief mindfulness induction on motor inhibitory control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Birkett
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Mindfulness Induction ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of a brief mindfulness induction on motor inhibitory control

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Jaiswal ◽  
Shao-Yang Tsai ◽  
Chi-Hung Juan ◽  
Wei-Kuang Liang ◽  
Neil G. Muggleton
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Mindfulness Induction ◽  
Marginal Improvement ◽  
The Impact

AbstractInhibitory control can be divided into motor and cognitive inhibition. The current research is the first study exploring the impact of brief mindfulness training on motor inhibition, measured by a stop signal task in participants without any meditation experience. Motor inhibition performance was compared before and immediately after three different conditions; a brief mindfulness induction, a resting state and an active control session in which participants listened to their favorite music. Post-test learning effect on go-reaction times was seen for the resting and mindfulness conditions, but was absent in the music session, possibly due to emotional arousal might have led slower responses. Brief mindfulness training did not significantly alter inhibitory control, although marginal improvement in stop signal reaction time following the mindfulness induction was observed. Motor inhibition appears unresponsive to either short-term or long-term mindfulness practice. Future mindfulness studies should explore a broad spectrum of cognitive functions and populations.

scholarly journals Effects of Sport-Based Interventions on Children’s Executive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Falonn Contreras-Osorio ◽  
Christian Campos-Jara ◽  
Cristian Martínez-Salazar ◽  
Luis Chirosa-Ríos ◽  
Darío Martínez-García
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

One of the most studied aspects of children’s cognitive development is that of the development of the executive function, and research has shown that physical activity has been demonstrated as a key factor in its enhancement. This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of specific sports interventions on the executive function of children and teenagers. A systematic review was carried out on 1 November 2020 to search for published scientific evidence that analysed different sports programs that possibly affected executive function in students. Longitudinal studies, which assessed the effects of sports interventions on subjects between 6 and 18 years old, were identified through a systematic search of the four principal electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO. A total of eight studies, with 424 subjects overall, met the inclusion criteria and were classified based on one or more of the following categories: working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. The random-effects model for meta-analyses was performed with RevMan version 5.3 to facilitate the analysis of the studies. Large effect sizes were found in all categories: working memory (ES −1.25; 95% CI −1.70; −0.79; p < 0.0001); inhibitory control (ES −1.30; 95% CI −1.98; −0.63; p < 0.00001); and cognitive flexibility (ES −1.52; 95% CI −2.20; −0.83; p < 0.00001). Our analysis concluded that healthy children and teenagers should be encouraged to practice sports in order to improve their executive function at every stage of their development.

The Impact of Children's Temperament on How Parents Resolve Safety Disagreements During Preadolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-228
Author(s):  
Alexa Kane ◽  
Barbara A Morrongiello
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Child Temperament ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Safety Promotion ◽  
Behavioral Attributes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preadolescent Youth

Abstract Objectives Parents play an important role in keeping their children safe. However, this becomes more difficult during preadolescence as children seek greater autonomy away from the direct supervision of adults. The current study focused on preadolescent youth (10–13 years) and examined parent–child disagreements about safety, with a focus on determining if child temperament attributes moderate the relation between how parents learn of these and resolve these disagreements. Methods A short-term longitudinal design was used. Parents and children retrospectively recalled safety disagreements together and then independently completed questionnaires about these. Parents then tracked disagreements over 1 month. Results The behavioral attributes of inhibitory control and risk-taking propensity both moderated the relationships between parental source of knowledge of safety disagreements and subsequent methods of resolution. Conclusion Safety-promotion messaging for parents of preadolescents may need to be tailored based on child attributes to maximize effectiveness.

scholarly journals Executive functioning as a predictive measure of offending behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin A. Spenser ◽  
Ray Bull ◽  
Lucy Betts ◽  
Belinda Winder
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Empathic Understanding ◽  
The Impact

PurposeProsociality is considered important in the study of offenders and associated cognitive skills: theory of mind, empathic understanding and moral reasoning, are said to enable self-control and reduce the risk of offending behaviours. Previous research has made associations between these skills and executive functioning; however, research into a link between them, in an offending population, is limited. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachTo further understand the practicalities of this, the present study considered the predictive abilities of the constructs believed to underpin executive functioning: working memory, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control, in relation to theory of mind, empathic understanding and moral reasoning. In total, 200 male and female offenders completed measures in all six constructs.FindingsUsing path analysis working memory was demonstrated to be predictive of theory of mind and empathic understanding, cognitive flexibility was found to be predictive of theory of mind, and inhibitory control was found to be predictive of theory of mind, empathic understanding and moral reasoning.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focussed on offenders serving a custodial sentence of six months or less and did not differentiate between crime categories or take into consideration the socio-environmental backgrounds or ethnicity. Therefore, considering these things could further establish the generalisability of the current findings. It is noted that the more focussed the intervention is to the specific needs of an offender, the greater the impact will be. Therefore, pre-screening tests for the constructs discussed may be able to more accurately assess an offenders’ suitability for a programme, or indeed tailor it to meet the specific needs of that person.Practical implicationsThese findings may enable practitioners to more accurately assess offenders’ suitability for interventions aimed at reducing offending behaviours by improving levels of prosociality and develop more focussed programmes to meet the specific needs of individual offenders to reduce re-offending.Social implicationsAs recommended in the study, a more tailored approach to offender rehabilitation may be a potential aid to reducing levels of recidivism.Originality/valueThe present study adds to the literature as it is the first to consider whether the constructs of executive functioning can predict levels of theory of mind, empathic understanding and moral reasoning and so provide a more accurate method in assessing the cognitive abilities of offenders prior to participation in rehabilitative interventions.

scholarly journals The impact of exposure to unrealistically high beauty standards on inhibitory control

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Leila Selimbegovic ◽  
Catherine Juneau ◽  
Ludovic Ferrand ◽  
Nicolas Spatola ◽  
Maria Augustinova
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Decreased inhibitory control after partial sleep deprivation in individuals reporting binge eating: preliminary findings

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9252
Author(s):  
Silvia Cerolini ◽  
Andrea Ballesio ◽  
Fabio Ferlazzo ◽  
Fabio Lucidi ◽  
Caterina Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Backward Inhibition ◽  
Partial Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact

Background Poor executive functions are associated with dysregulated eating and greater caloric intake in healthy samples. In parallel, findings suggested that sleep deprivation impairs executive functions. Methods We investigated whether partial sleep deprivation impairs executive functions in individuals reporting binge eating (BE, N = 14) and healthy controls (C, N = 13). Switch cost and backward inhibition were measured using the Task Switching Paradigm after a habitual night of sleep and after a night of partial sleep deprivation. Results Results showed a Night by Group interaction on the backward inhibition. The two groups differed in the habitual night, evidencing higher inhibitory control in BE compared to C. Additionally, after partial sleep deprivation, compared to the habitual night, backward inhibition decreased in BE group. This preliminary study was the first to explore the impact of sleep deprivation on executive functions in participants reporting binge eating and healthy controls, thus highlighting their potential role in influencing eating behavior.

scholarly journals Implicit food odour priming effects on reactivity and inhibitory control towards foods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Mas ◽  
Marie-Claude Brindisi ◽  
Claire Chabanet ◽  
Stéphanie Chambaron
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Control Patterns ◽  
Food Pictures ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe food environment can interact with cognitive processing and influence eating behaviour. Our objective was to characterize the impact of implicit olfactory priming on inhibitory control towards food, in groups with different weight status. Ninety-two adults completed a modified Affective Shifting Task: they had to detect target stimuli and ignore distractor stimuli while being primed with non-attentively perceived odours. We measured reactivity and inhibitory control towards food pictures. Priming effects were observed on reactivity: participants with overweight and obesity were slower when primed with pear and pound cake odour respectively. Common inhibitory control patterns toward foods were observed between groups. We suggest that non-attentively perceived food cues influence bottom-up processing by activating distinguished mental representations according to weight status. Also, our data show that cognitive load influences inhibitory control toward foods. Those results contribute to understanding how the environment can influence eating behaviour in individuals with obesity.

Executive Function and Attention in Children Born Prematurely

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Celeste Beaudoin ◽  
Roxanne Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Premature Children ◽  
The Impact

Aim - The aim of this study is to measure the abilities of premature school-aged children in tasks of attention, working memory and executive functioning in order to determine if premature newborns are more at risk to develop delays compared to children born at term. Method - The sampling will be based on a previous study where five school-age premature children from Northern Ontario will be assessed using standardized tests. Each parent will be given a standardized questionnaire designed to measure the executive functioning of his or her child. The results will be then compared to those of a control group born at term without any neonatal complications. Participants will be matched according to gender, age, language status and socio-economic status. Preliminary analysis has shown that premature infants have reduced performance in tasks such as attention and executive functioning (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility). The influence of gestational age, birth weight and socio-economic status will be explained. Importance of the Study - Premature children are more vulnerable to developmental and behavioural delays (Taheri, Goudarzi, Shariat, Nariman, & Martin, 2017). Several studies have shown that delays in executive functions are associated with lower academic achievement (Hüning et al., 2017). This study will help us determine the nature of the impact on non-language skills in premature infants. Preliminary results will allow us to better understand the impact of prematurity on the development of attention and executive functioning (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility), as it relates to language.

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