Foreign Direct Investment in China’s Electrification: Between Colonialism and Nationalism, 1882–1952

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
CHENXIAO XIA
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective

This article traces the history of foreign direct investment in China’s electricity industry from 1882 to 1952 through the conflict between colonialism and nationalism. China’s electrification started with foreign direct investment in colonial enclaves: settlements, annexed territories, and leaseholds. Foreign direct investment contributed the majority of China’s power supply, but the penetration to China’s hinterland had faced the hurdle of nationalism on the part of both the Chinese government and the business community. Exceptions in Taiwan and Manchuria were related to Japanese colonialism, which peaked during the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). After World War II, domestication was implemented by the Chinese government. This article provides a new perspective on multinationals by delineating between inward and expatriate foreign direct investment in the Chinese context.

U.S. Policy toward Foreign Direct Investment

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Kudrle ◽  
Davis B. Bobrow
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Capacity ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
Perceived Costs

Foreign investment policy is an increasingly important part of overall foreign policy. The authors investigate the substance of U.S. outgoing foreign direct investment (OFDI) and incoming foreign direct investment (IFDI) policy in terms of a small set of policy values and process factors. The policy values are domestic prosperity, national autonomy, and national security. The process factors are ideological consonance, impact transparency, the diffusion and concentration of perceived costs and benefits, and the political capacity of groups and institutions. These considerations illuminate the relative stability in both areas of policy since World War II, and help to explain the changes that did take place. The paper concludes with a forecast that, despite the oft-heard prediction that economic nationalism is on the increase, U.S. policies toward foreign investment will remain much the same during the eighties as they have been Since World War II.

“Put the Gangsters Out of Business”: Gambling Legalization and the War on Organized Crime

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 533-556
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Las Vegas ◽  
Rust Belt ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
World War ◽  
Illegal Gambling ◽  
State Expansion ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective

Abstract:From the 1950s through the 1970s, American policymakers engaged in an extensive campaign against illegal gambling in an effort to turn the tide in the government’s crusade against organized crime. At the grassroots, however, voters endorsed a different form of state expansion to beat back the mob menace. Between 1963 and 1977, fourteen northeastern and Rust Belt states enacted the first government-run lotteries in the twentieth-century United States on the belief that legalized gambling would undercut the mob’s gambling profits. While gambling opponents pointed to Las Vegas as proof that organized crime would flourish following legalization, supporters argued that illegal gambling was already pervasive, so the state may as well profit from this irrepressible activity. The history of gambling legalization challenges narratives on the popularity of law-and-order politics and offers a new perspective on crime policy in the post–World War II period.

The Immigrants and Their Gods: A New Perspective in American Religious History

1988 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Religious History ◽  
Church History ◽  
American Religious History ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
New Perspective

Twenty years ago Jerald Brauer wrote an essay on the writing of American church history entitled, “Changing Perspectives on Religion in America.” In this essay he noted that “change in perspective marks the writing of the history of religion in America.” After discussing the work of Robert Baird and William Warren Sweet, the two historians whose perspectives most influenced the writing of American church history in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries respectively, Brauer then directed his attention to a third and new perspective. This new perspective had developed in the post-World War II era and was the result of the work of Sidney E. Mead, Sydney E. Ahlstrom, Winthrop S. Hudson, and others. Brauer described the new perspective by pointing out how it differed from the work of Sweet. It was clear to Brauer, however, that no one historian or school of historians had yet emerged whose perspective was able to dominate the landscape in the manner that Baird and Sweet had. There really was no new single perspective, but a variety of approaches and interpretations. In other words, in the late 1960s the discipline of American church history was in a state of flux, and “a number of young historians” were, in Brauer's words, “anxious to develop a new perspective through which to view the development and nature of Christianity in America.”

scholarly journals Blood purity and scientific independence: blood science and postcolonial struggles in Korea, 1926–1975

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Jaehwan Hyun
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Racial Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prewar Period ◽  
The 1960S

ArgumentAfter World War II, blood groups became a symbol of anti-racial science. This paper aims to shed new light on the post-WWII history of blood groups and race, illuminating the postcolonial revitalization of racial serology in South Korea. In the prewar period, Japanese serologists developed a serological anthropology of Koreans in tandem with Japanese colonialism. The pioneering Korean hematologist Yi Samyŏl (1926–2015), inspired by decolonization movements during the 1960s, excavated and appropriated colonial serological anthropology to prove Koreans as biologically independent from the Japanese. However, his racial serology of Koreans shared colonial racism with Japanese anthropology, despite his anti-colonial nationalism.

Immigration and the Shape of Globalization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Number Of Firms ◽  
At Home

This book explores two questions about immigration and globalization: why immigration, especially for those with fewer skills (low-skill immigration), is much more restricted today than it was in the nineteenth century or even in the immediate post-World War II period, and why politicians today are willing to let their constituents compete with foreign labor overseas but not at home. Restrictions on low-skill immigration are even more puzzling when compared to policies governing trade and foreign direct investment. The same wealthy countries that have put immigration restrictions in place have significantly lowered trade barriers, including those on low-skill-labor-intensive goods such as clothing, toys, and electronics. The book considers how trade and firm mobility affect the number of firms that use low-skill labor, and thus affect the level of support for low-skill immigration.

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

Recasting Bourgeois Europe

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Maier ◽  
Charles S. Maier
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Group Representation ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
European History ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Economic Stabilization

The author, one of the most prominent contemporary scholars of European history, published this, his first book, in 1975. Based on extensive archival research, the book examines how European societies progressed from a moment of social vulnerability to one of political and economic stabilization. Arguing that a common trajectory calls for a multi country analysis, the book provides a comparative history of three European nations—France, Germany, and Italy—and argues that they did not simply return to a prewar status quo, but achieved a new balance of state authority and interest group representation. While most previous accounts presented the decade as a prelude to the Depression and dictatorships, the author suggests that the stabilization of the 1920s, vulnerable as it was, foreshadowed the more enduring political stability achieved after World War II. The immense and ambitious scope of this book, its ability to follow diverse histories in detail, and its effort to explain stabilization—and not just revolution or breakdown—have made it a classic of European history.

THE ROLE AND ROLE OF OIL POLICY IN SAUDI ARABIA IN POST WORLD WAR II ECONOMIC LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Maftuna Sanoqulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oil Policy

This article consists of the politics which connected with oil in Saudi Arabia after the World war II , the relations of economical cooperations on this matter and the place of oil in the history of world economics

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