Do you Prefer Scotch or German Whisky? CJEU Judgment in the Scotch Whisky and Glen Buchenbach Dispute

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-729
Author(s):  
Vadim MANTROV
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Preliminary Ruling ◽  
Similar Form ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
European Consumer ◽  
Council Regulation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Scotch Whisky

Case C-44/17, Scotch Whisky Association v Michael Klotz, 7 June 2018 (Fifth Chamber)The CJEU issued a preliminary ruling in a dispute between the protected indication of geographical origin Scotch Whisky and the disputed sign Glen Buchenbach over the right to use the designation Glen. The CJEU provided further clarification of the four protection norms for safeguarding protected indications of geographical origin. Commencing with interpreting the phrase “any direct or indirect commercial use”, the CJEU established that the term “use” refers to the visual appearance of a protected indication covering its use in either an identical or similar form in the disputed sign. The terms “direct” and “indirect” refer to the way in which appearance takes place: the former term covers affixing a disputed sign directly on the product (ie labelling); the latter term comprises other forms of use such as advertising or accompanying documents. Further, the CJEU held that “evocation” means evaluating whether an average European consumer thinks directly of a protected indication of geographical origin when confronted with an infringing sign. Finally, the CJEU averred that assessing whether a disputed sign is used either as an evocation or as a “false and misleading indication” does not depend on the context in which the sign is used.Article 16 of Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of spirit drinks and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 1576/89, OJ L - 8, of 13.2.2008, pp 16–54 [Spirits Regulation].

scholarly journals Rights to Designaton Focusing on Protected Designations and Geographical Indications of Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Zuzana Ilková
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Right ◽  
Wine Region

AbstractThe paper deals with the issue covered by the field of industrial property, it deals with the right to designation, especially with characteristics of legal regulation of labeling of products with regard to their geographical origin at the Slovak, communitarian and international levels. Individual objects of the industrial property may be the result of intellectual creative activity of its creator/creators (e.g. inventions, utility models, designs) or they are not the result of creative activity of a particular natural person and are considered as industrial property rights to designation. The group of rights to designation includes: business names, trademarks, designation of origin for products and geographical indications for products. The rights to designation, inter alia, shall ensure uniqueness and competitive advantage for entrepreneurs and easy identification on the market of goods and services for the consumers. The paper closely analyzes the harmonized legal regulation of designations of origin and geographical indications of agricultural products, foodstuffs, spirit drinks, and wines. At the example of Tokaj wine region, it demonstrates the importance of protected designations at the EU level, in case of which demonstrable geographical origin of the product with controlled product specification by authorized national bodies brings a guarantee of quality of this product for consumers and the competitive advantage during their commercial implementation for the entrepreneurs.

Method for drawing forest maps by means of an office computer

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Goossens ◽  
J. De Schuyter
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
Similar Form ◽  
Code Number ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Forest Maps ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
Computer Unit ◽  
Fixed Network

In  this article, we tried to perform the drawing of forest maps, together with  the calculations involved, automatically by means of relatively simple aids.      The computer unit used is an office computer Olivetti P203. As an example  the growing stock (in m3/ha) was mapped out. The proper inventory in the field is done  according to the classical method by means of a previously fixed network of  squares (70,7 m x 70,7 m), which corresponds to two plots a ha.     The quantity which is measured and mapped out (in this case the growing  stock) is in a similar form not very useful in mapping. Therefore a division  in classes (Ku) numbered from 0 to 9, is set up. An appropriate program  calculates for a certain number of points within this elementary square, to which  class they have to be assigned, whereas the typewriter prints the  corresponding code number on the right place.     Fig. 1 and the formulas (1), (2) and (3) represent the principle o[ the  calculations while fig. 2A and B reproduce the results printed by the  typewriter for a elementary square of respective 1” X 1” and 2” X 2”. The  whole of similar network of squares eventually results in a basical document,  on which the existing forest map with an adapted scale is laid (see appendix  3) and the class limits are drawn.     If desirable, the scale may be adapted when the forest map under discussion  is definitely reproduced.

scholarly journals IS IT FORBIDDEN THE WOOD USE OF Araucaria angustifolia? AN ANALYSIS ON THE CURRENT LEGAL BUDGET

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Rozane De Loyola Eisfeld ◽  
Julio Eduardo Arce ◽  
Carlos Roberto Sanquetta ◽  
Evaldo Muñoz Braz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Right ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Official Data

The objective of this work was to analyze the legal arrangements on a very complex theme in the forest sector: the use of a species threatened with extinction, araucaria. After years of intense deforestation, linked to the country's economic growth, after 1960 decade, it was edited an array of regulations aimed to control the forest use through strict laws and expansion of the environmental bureaucracy. In 2014, MMA Decree 443, araucaria was included in the danger category, restricting any timber use, including the ones gathered under forest management. The justification for this inclusion comes from the population reduction, deforestation and logging. Regarding the justification of its inclusion, it is important to note the non-disclosure of official data, an obligation of the State, on the remaining area and number of individuals. Decree 443 collides with the Brazilian forest low removing rights, as forest management, not established by Law number 12.651 of 2012. It also defies the Complementary Law 140 which establishes reports and technical-scientific studies for framing the listed species. Nor does it comply with the steps required in article 5º MMA Decree 43, which precedes Decree 443. By analyzing the regulations regarding the araucaria and its commercial use: there is no law prohibiting the use, through management and planting; what exists are Decrees and resolutions. Whoever is in the messianic right to forbid the cutting of the species, subsidizes itself in Decrees and resolutions. Moreover, who believes they have the right to cut it, is not aware of the legislation.

scholarly journals Direct marketing practice in Hungarian agriculture

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Fehér
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
Product Regulation ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The Right

Farm-sale, also known as direct sale, provides major opportunities to farmers in the future. This kind of sale is of increasing popularity in Europe, but farmers have to be familiar with the regulations concerning processing and sales. Mainly small and medium farmers prefer direct sale. In this activity, they must compete with an increasing number of hypermarkets, supermarkets and wholesale markets. When talking about direct sale, it means that farmers sell their products directly to customers. There are more options: (i) sale in their own shop, (ii) through a catalogue and (iii) delivery to restaurants and shops. It has to be mentioned that the development of special local products means the products representing a common local value and principally those that can be associated with a specific village due to their historical heritage or tradition. There is no standard or official definition for special local products that includes all the possible factors. Efforts of marketing and rural development experts are needed to identify and market these special products to the appropriate consumers. Meanwhile it has to be noticed that, mainly in Europe, the definition and the possibilities of product regulation concerning geographical origin, are clearly defined and well-known. However, the “protection of geographical origin” is not the same issue as “special local products” mentioned above. In a wider sense, these can be described from a marketing point of view as “local product, common product” that interconnect and integrate villages, people and approaches, but are not regulated and protected legally. These products mentioned above reach the consumer in relatively small quantities, through direct sale, and they are often attached to the services of rural tourism. The local products are also developed to ensure high quality products for the consumer or to attract tourists. People can be proud of them since they cannot be bought anywhere else. Advisers are also helping farmers choose the right sales channels to diversify their marketing activities.

scholarly journals L'ús comercial de la costa marítima d'Oriola: Edició i notes onomàstiques i lingüístiques sobre el text d'un plet amb la ciutat d'Alacant (1643)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Brauli Montoya Abat
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Resum: El present treball consisteix en l’edició filològica d’un text de 1643 i en el seu estudi onomàstic i lingüístic. El document recull una sèrie de declaracions sobre el dret ancestral de la ciutat d’Oriola a l’ús comercial del tram de costa que pertany al seu terme; és resultat d’un contenciós amb la ciutat d’Alacant, que nega a Oriola el dret a usar la seua façana marítima amb tal objectiu. La referència a les torres de vigilància que existien en el fragment de costa referit dóna una informació interessant sobre els topònims que hi havia, dels quals se’n pot seguir l’evolució fins al dia de hui. L’anàlisi lingu?ística del text se centra a observar quin ús s’hi fa dels trets que han estat caracteritzats en estudis anteriors com a pròpiament oriolans; especialment en el cas de les accepcions castellanes del verb llevar per contrast amb les de portar.Paraules clau: onomàstica; lingu?ística històrica; edició filològica; Oriola; AlacantAbstract: This work consists on the philological edition of a text of 1643 and its onomastic and linguistic study. The document includes a series of statements about the ancient right of the city of Oriola/Orihuela to the commercial use of the stretch of coast that belongs to its term; this is the result of a dispute with the city of Alacant/Alicante, which denies the right of Oriola/Orihuela to use its waterfront to this effect. The reference to the watchtowers that existed in the coastal referred portion gives an interesting information about the existing names, whose evolution can be followed until today. The analysis of the text focuses on observing which use is done of the features that have been characterized in previous studies as oriolans properly, especially in the case of the Castilian meanings of the verb llevar (‘to carry, to bring’) in contrast to the ones of portar (‘to bring’).Keywords: poetry onomastics; historical linguistics; philological edition; Oriola/Orihuela; Alacant/Alicante

scholarly journals Penyelesaian Perkara Pelanggaran Hak atas Merek

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
I Gede Mahendra Juliana Adiputra ◽  
Ida Ayu Putu Widiati ◽  
Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mutual Agreement

The existence of competition causes the original brand owner to feel disadvantaged because the sales result has decreased. It is permissible for someone to use another party's mark as long as they ask permission from the trademark owner first. The owner can give trademark rights to other people as agreed in an agreement. The formulation of the problem in this research is as follows: how is the legal protection of trademark rights and how to resolve violations of trademark rights. The research method used in this research is normative legal research. The results of the discussion in this study are as follows: Legal protection of the right to a trademark has been regulated by Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications, in the provisions of the Law it is expressly stated that if it has been registered in the law that the right to a trademark has been protected. The sanction imposed on the perpetrator of the crime of trademark rights is a fine of Rp. 20,000,000, - (twenty million rupiah) on condition that if the fine is not paid, he will be subject to imprisonment for 6 (six) months. Settlement of trademark cases can be carried out through institutions that can be used to resolve trademark disputes, including: Alternative Dispute Resolution, Arbitration and Courts. Alternative dispute resolution wants the disputing parties to resolve their own dispute with the aim of obtaining a mutual agreement, if the agreement fails, can take arbitration, namely the disputing parties to be able to resolve the dispute to the arbitration institution based on the agreement, furthermore, if the arbitration is successful the last action is through the court, namely the commercial court which has the authority to adjudicate trademark disputes.

TIM THALER'S EXAMPLE IS CONTAGIOUS: THE RIGHT TO PUBLICITY AS AN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
E.A. Afanasieva ◽  
◽  
E.G. Afanasieva
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Us States ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Right Of Publicity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public World ◽  
The Right

Most of the articles presented in this review were written in order to discuss the recently published J. Rothman’s book «The right of publicity: Privacy reimagined for a public world». We are talking about a specific intellectual right recognized by most of the US states - the right of a person to control the commercial use of elements of her personality.

scholarly journals Historia jurídica de las indicaciones geográficas: una perspectiva desde la gestión de la comunicación en las instituciones/ Juridical history of the geographical indications: a perspective from the institutional communication management.

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 07
Author(s):  
Marta Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Communication Management ◽  
Normative Development ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institutional Communication ◽  
National Perspective

El desarrollo histórico de las indicaciones geográficas protegidas a nivel internacional, comunitario y nacional ha supuesto el surgimiento de determinadas fórmulas de protección que coexisten en la actualidad describiendo diversos grados de protección jurídica atendiendo al grado de vinculación existente entre las características diferenciadoras del producto protegido y su origen geográfico o su zona de procedencia. A través del análisis teórico fundamentado sobre fuentes secundarias, bibliográficas y legislativas, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es identificar el desarrollo normativo de las indicaciones geográficas protegidas tratando de identificar las ventajas diferenciales derivadas de su adopción y sus consecuencias desde la perspectiva de la gestión de la comunicación institucional. Los resultados evidencian que la adopción de una indicación geográfica protegida favorece el establecimiento de un sistema de comunicación institucional bidireccional sustentado en la gestión de las relaciones con los públicos.The historical development of the geographical protected indications from an international, European and national perspective has supposed the emergence of certain formulae of protection that coexist at present describing diverse degrees of juridical protection attending to the relation between the specific characteristics of the protected product and his geographical origin. Across the theoretical analysis based on secondary, bibliographical and legislative sources, the principal aim of this work is to identify the normative development of the geographical protected indications trying to identify the differential advantages derived from his adoption and his consequences from the perspective of the management of the institutional communication. The results demonstrate that the adoption of a geographical protected indication favors the establishment of a system of institutional bidirectional communication sustained in the management of the relations with the publics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document