Cell-free DNA: the role in pathophysiology and as a biomarker in kidney diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Celec ◽  
Barbora Vlková ◽  
Lucia Lauková ◽  
Janka Bábíčková ◽  
Peter Boor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Tissue Tumour ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Source Tissue ◽  
Potential Use

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is present in various body fluids and originates mostly from blood cells. In specific conditions, circulating cfDNA might be derived from tumours, donor organs after transplantation or from the foetus during pregnancy. The analysis of cfDNA is mainly used for genetic analyses of the source tissue —tumour, foetus or for the early detection of graft rejection. It might serve also as a nonspecific biomarker of tissue damage in critical care medicine. In kidney diseases, cfDNA increases during haemodialysis and indicates cell damage. In patients with renal cell carcinoma, cfDNA in plasma and its integrity is studied for monitoring of tumour growth, the effects of chemotherapy and for prognosis. Urinary cfDNA is highly fragmented, but the technical hurdles can now be overcome and urinary cfDNA is being evaluated as a potential biomarker of renal injury and urinary tract tumours. Beyond its diagnostic application, cfDNA might also be involved in the pathogenesis of diseases affecting the kidneys as shown for systemic lupus, sepsis and some pregnancy-related pathologies. Recent data suggest that increased cfDNA is associated with acute kidney injury. In this review, we discuss the biological characteristics, sources of cfDNA, its potential use as a biomarker as well as its role in the pathogenesis of renal and urinary diseases.

scholarly journals Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Liquid Biopsies as Potential Biomarker for Bladder Cancer: A Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Raquel Herranz ◽  
Julia Oto ◽  
Emma Plana ◽  
Álvaro Fernández-Pardo ◽  
Fernando Cana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Cancer Types

Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most frequent cancer types in the world and is the most lethal urological malignancy. Presently, diagnostic and follow-up methods for BC are expensive and invasive. Thus, the identification of novel predictive biomarkers for diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of BC is of paramount importance. To date, several studies have evidenced that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) found in liquid biopsies such as blood and urine may play a role in the particular scenario of urologic tumors, and its analysis may improve BC diagnosis report about cancer progression or even evaluate the effectiveness of a specific treatment or anticipate whether a treatment would be useful for a specific patient depending on the tumor characteristics. In the present review, we have summarized the up-to-date studies evaluating the value of cfDNA as potential diagnostic, prognostic, or monitoring biomarker for BC in several biofluids.

Potential clinical applications of circulating cell-free DNA in ovarian cancer patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Barbosa ◽  
Ana Peixoto ◽  
Pedro Pinto ◽  
Manuela Pinheiro ◽  
Manuel R. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Circulating Cell Free Dna

AbstractCirculating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) consists of small fragments of DNA that circulate freely in the bloodstream. In cancer patients, a fraction of cfDNA is derived from tumour cells, therefore containing the same genetic and epigenetic alterations, and is termed circulating cell-free tumour DNA. The potential use of cfDNA, the so-called ‘liquid biopsy’, as a non-invasive cancer biomarker has recently received a lot of attention. The present review will focus on studies concerning the potential clinical applications of cfDNA in ovarian cancer patients.

Circulating cell-free DNA in plasma of colorectal cancer patients - A potential biomarker for tumor burden

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdeep Singh Bhangu ◽  
Hossein Taghizadeh ◽  
Tamara Braunschmid ◽  
Thomas Bachleitner-Hofmann ◽  
Christine Mannhalter
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Circulating Cell Free Dna

scholarly journals FP584PERITONEAL CELL-FREE DNA: AN INNOVATIVE METHOD FOR DETERMINING ACUTE CELL DAMAGE IN PERITONEAL MEMBRANE AND FOR MONITORING THE RECOVERY PROCESS AFTER PERITONITIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. iii268-iii268
Author(s):  
Grazia Maria Virzì ◽  
Sabrina Milan ◽  
Alessandra Brocca ◽  
Massimo de Cal ◽  
Ilaria Tantillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Peritoneal Membrane ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Innovative Method

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of Circulating Cell-Free DNA Copy Number Detects Active Melanoma and Predicts Survival

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1338-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobha Silva ◽  
Sarah Danson ◽  
Dawn Teare ◽  
Fiona Taylor ◽  
James Bradford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Dna Copy Number ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
Active Disease ◽  
Circulating Cell Free Dna

Abstract BACKGROUND A substantial number of melanoma patients develop local or metastatic recurrence, and early detection of these is vital to maximise benefit from new therapies such as inhibitors of BRAF and MEK, or immune checkpoints. This study explored the use of novel DNA copy-number profiles in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a potential biomarker of active disease and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Melanoma patients were recruited from oncology and dermatology clinics in Sheffield, UK, and cfDNA was isolated from stored blood plasma. Using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, we created copy-number profiles from cfDNA from 83 melanoma patients, 44 of whom had active disease. We used scoring algorithms to summarize copy-number aberrations and investigated their utility in multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS The copy-number aberration score (CNAS) was a good discriminator of active disease (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5–6.2; P = 0.002), and CNAS above or below the 75th percentile remained a significant discriminator in multivariable analysis for active disease (P = 0.019, with area under ROC curve of 0.90). Additionally, mortality was higher in those with CNASs above the 75th percentile than in those with lower scores (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5–7.9; P = 0.005), adjusting for stage of disease, disease status (active or resected), BRAF status, and cfDNA concentration. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential of a de novo approach utilizing copy-number profiling of cfDNA as a biomarker of active disease and survival in melanoma. Longitudinal analysis of copy-number profiles as an early marker of relapsed disease is warranted.

Circulating cell-free DNA: A potential biomarker to differentiate inflammation and infection during radiochemotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Zwirner ◽  
Franz J. Hilke ◽  
German Demidov ◽  
Stephan Ossowski ◽  
Cihan Gani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Circulating Cell Free Dna

Peritoneal Cell-free DNA: an innovative method for determining acute cell damage in peritoneal membrane and for monitoring the recovery process after peritonitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Maria Virzì ◽  
Sabrina Milan Manani ◽  
Alessandra Brocca ◽  
Vincenzo Cantaluppi ◽  
Massimo de Cal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Peritoneal Cell ◽  
Peritoneal Membrane ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Innovative Method
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