Current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of white sponge nevus

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenping Cai ◽  
Beizhan Jiang ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Jianhua Yang ◽  
Zhenghu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Keratin 13 ◽  
Near Future ◽  
White Sponge Nevus

White sponge nevus (WSN) in the oral mucosa is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease. The involved mucosa is white or greyish, thickened, folded and spongy. The genes associated with WSN include mutant cytokeratin keratin 4 (KRT4) and keratin 13 (KRT13). In recent years, new cases of WSN and associated mutations have been reported. Here, we summarise the recent progress in our understanding of WSN, including clinical reports, genetics, animal models, treatment, pathogenic mechanisms and future directions. Gene-based diagnosis and gene therapy for WSN may become available in the near future and could provide a reference and instruction for treating other KRT-associated diseases.

scholarly journals Gene Therapy in Large Animal Models of Human Cardiovascular Genetic Disease

ILAR Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Sleeper ◽  
L. T. Bish ◽  
H. L. Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Large Animal Models

scholarly journals Oral White Sponge Nevus: An Exceptional Differential Diagnosis in Childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Fatima zahra Elfatoiki ◽  
Sophia Capatas ◽  
Hayat Dahbi Skali ◽  
Fouzia Hali ◽  
Hicham Attar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Diffuse Plaques ◽  
White Sponge Nevus

White sponge nevus is an autosomal dominant skin disorder characterized by white, irregular, diffuse plaques mainly affecting the oral mucosa. Histological findings of white sponge nevus are characteristic but not pathognomonic. We report a case of an oral white sponge nevus in a 6-year-old girl, which poses a problem in differential diagnosis with oral candidiasis. No treatment was performed because of the benign and asymptomatic nature of the lesions.

The chemistry of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-3-methyl-l-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5- ones as a privileged scaffold in synthesis of heterocycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen A.-M. Gomaa ◽  
Huda A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Azacrown Ethers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Privileged Scaffold ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Near Future

Background : The reactivity of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-3-methyl-l-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-one DCNP 1 and its derivatives makes it valuable as a building block for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds like pyrazolo-imidazoles, - thiazoles, spiropyridines, spiropyrroles, spiropyrans and others. As a number of publications have reported on the reactivity of DCNP and its derivatives, we compiled some features of this interesting molecule. Objective: This article aims to review the preparation of DCNP, its reactivity and application in heterocyclic and dyes synthesis. Conclusion: In this review we have provided an overview of recent progress in the chemistry of DCNP and its significance in synthesis of various classes of heterocyclic compounds and dyes. The unique reactivity of DCNP offers unprecedentedly mild reaction conditions for the generation of versatile cynomethylene dyes from a wide range of precursors including amines, α-aminocarboxylic acids, their esters, phenols, malononitriles and azacrown ethers. We anticipate that more innovative transformations involving DCNP will continue to emerge in the near future.

Dual‐hormone artificial pancreas for management of type 1 diabetes: Recent progress and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Infante ◽  
David A. Baidal ◽  
Michael R. Rickels ◽  
Andrea Fabbri ◽  
Jay S. Skyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Future Directions

scholarly journals A Survey on Bias and Fairness in Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Ninareh Mehrabi ◽  
Fred Morstatter ◽  
Nripsuta Saxena ◽  
Kristina Lerman ◽  
Aram Galstyan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Discriminatory Behavior ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Different Sources

With the widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems and applications in our everyday lives, accounting for fairness has gained significant importance in designing and engineering of such systems. AI systems can be used in many sensitive environments to make important and life-changing decisions; thus, it is crucial to ensure that these decisions do not reflect discriminatory behavior toward certain groups or populations. More recently some work has been developed in traditional machine learning and deep learning that address such challenges in different subdomains. With the commercialization of these systems, researchers are becoming more aware of the biases that these applications can contain and are attempting to address them. In this survey, we investigated different real-world applications that have shown biases in various ways, and we listed different sources of biases that can affect AI applications. We then created a taxonomy for fairness definitions that machine learning researchers have defined to avoid the existing bias in AI systems. In addition to that, we examined different domains and subdomains in AI showing what researchers have observed with regard to unfair outcomes in the state-of-the-art methods and ways they have tried to address them. There are still many future directions and solutions that can be taken to mitigate the problem of bias in AI systems. We are hoping that this survey will motivate researchers to tackle these issues in the near future by observing existing work in their respective fields.

scholarly journals Gene therapy strategies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: recent advances, current challenges, and future directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 483-496
Author(s):  
Mitchel J.R. Ruigrok ◽  
Henderik W. Frijlink ◽  
Barbro N. Melgert ◽  
Peter Olinga ◽  
Wouter L.J. Hinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Therapy Strategies

Fibromyalgia and Sleep in Animal Models: A Current Overview and Future Directions

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Frange ◽  
Camila Hirotsu ◽  
Helena Hachul ◽  
Paula Araujo ◽  
Sergio Tufik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
A Current

Pharmacological Interventions for Binge Eating: Lessons from Animal Models, Current Treatments, and Future Directions

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1180-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Berner ◽  
Miriam E. Bocarsly ◽  
Bartley G. Hoebel ◽  
Nicole M. Avena
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Future Directions

Management of Plantar Keratodermas

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Porter ◽  
Albert A. Bravo ◽  
Frances J.D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Inherited Mutations ◽  
Pachyonychia Congenita

Plantar keratodermas can arise due to a variety of genetically inherited mutations. The need to distinguish between different plantar keratoderma disorders is becoming increasingly apparent because there is evidence that they do not respond identically to treatment. Diagnosis can be aided by observation of other clinical manifestations, such as palmar keratoderma, more widespread hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, hair and nail dystrophies, or erythroderma. However, there are frequent cases of plantar keratoderma that occur in isolation. This review focuses on the rare autosomal dominant keratin disorder pachyonychia congenita, which presents with particularly painful plantar keratoderma for which there is no specific treatment. Typically, patients regularly trim/pare/file/grind their calluses and file/grind/clip their nails. Topical agents, including keratolytics (eg, salicylic acid, urea) and moisturizers, can provide limited benefit by softening the skin. For some patients, retinoids help to thin calluses but may lead to increased pain. This finding has stimulated a drive for alternative treatment options, from gene therapy to alternative nongenetic methods that focus on novel findings regarding the pathogenesis of pachyonychia congenita and the function of the underlying genes.

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