scholarly journals Dental stem cells: a future asset of ocular cell therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Hin-Fai Yam ◽  
Gary Swee-Lim Peh ◽  
Shweta Singhal ◽  
Bee-Tin Goh ◽  
Jodhbir S. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Corneal Transplantation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Corneal Opacities ◽  
Neural Crest Origin

Regenerative medicine using patient's own stem cells (SCs) to repair dysfunctional tissues is an attractive approach to complement surgical and pharmacological treatments for aging and degenerative disorders. Recently, dental SCs have drawn much attention owing to their accessibility, plasticity and applicability for regenerative use not only for dental, but also other body tissues. In ophthalmology, there has been increasing interest to differentiate dental pulp SC and periodontal ligament SC (PDLSC) towards ocular lineage. Both can commit to retinal fate expressing eye field transcription factors and generate rhodopsin-positive photoreceptor-like cells. This proposes a novel therapeutic alternative for retinal degeneration diseases. Moreover, as PDLSC shares similar cranial neural crest origin and proteoglycan secretion with corneal stromal keratoctyes and corneal endothelial cells, this offers the possibility of differentiating PDLSC to these corneal cell types. The advance could lead to a shift in the medical management of corneal opacities and endothelial disorders from highly invasive corneal transplantation using limited donor tissue to cell therapy utilizing autologous cells. This article provides an overview of dental SC research and the perspective of utilizing dental SCs for ocular regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Functions and the Emerging Role of the Foetal Liver into Regenerative Medicine

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancotti ◽  
Monti ◽  
Nevi ◽  
Brunelli ◽  
Pajno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Cell Niche

During foetal life, the liver plays the important roles of connection and transient hematopoietic function. Foetal liver cells develop in an environment called a hematopoietic stem cell niche composed of several cell types, where stem cells can proliferate and give rise to mature blood cells. Embryologically, at about the third week of gestation, the liver appears, and it grows rapidly from the fifth to 10th week under WNT/β-Catenin signaling pathway stimulation, which induces hepatic progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation into hepatocytes. Development of new strategies and identification of new cell sources should represent the main aim in liver regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Cells isolated from organs with endodermal origin, like the liver, bile ducts, and pancreas, could be preferable cell sources. Furthermore, stem cells isolated from these organs could be more susceptible to differentiate into mature liver cells after transplantation with respect to stem cells isolated from organs or tissues with a different embryological origin. The foetal liver possesses unique features given the co-existence of cells having endodermal and mesenchymal origin, and it could be highly available source candidate for regenerative medicine in both the liver and pancreas. Taking into account these advantages, the foetal liver can be the highest potential and available cell source for cell therapy regarding liver diseases and diabetes.

scholarly journals Current Status and Future Prospects of Perinatal Stem Cells

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Paz de la Torre ◽  
Ana I. Flores
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

The placenta is a temporary organ that is discarded after birth and is one of the most promising sources of various cells and tissues for use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, both in experimental and clinical settings. The placenta has unique, intrinsic features because it plays many roles during gestation: it is formed by cells from two individuals (mother and fetus), contributes to the development and growth of an allogeneic fetus, and has two independent and interacting circulatory systems. Different stem and progenitor cell types can be isolated from the different perinatal tissues making them particularly interesting candidates for use in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. The primary source of perinatal stem cells is cord blood. Cord blood has been a well-known source of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells since 1974. Biobanked cord blood has been used to treat different hematological and immunological disorders for over 30 years. Other perinatal tissues that are routinely discarded as medical waste contain non-hematopoietic cells with potential therapeutic value. Indeed, in advanced perinatal cell therapy trials, mesenchymal stromal cells are the most commonly used. Here, we review one by one the different perinatal tissues and the different perinatal stem cells isolated with their phenotypical characteristics and the preclinical uses of these cells in numerous pathologies. An overview of clinical applications of perinatal derived cells is also described with special emphasis on the clinical trials being carried out to treat COVID19 pneumonia. Furthermore, we describe the use of new technologies in the field of perinatal stem cells and the future directions and challenges of this fascinating and rapidly progressing field of perinatal cells and regenerative medicine.

Therapeutic potential of transdifferentiated cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë D. BURKE ◽  
David TOSH
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Cell therapy means treating diseases with the body's own cells. The ability to produce differentiated cell types at will offers a compelling new approach to cell therapy and therefore for the treatment and cure of a plethora of clinical conditions, including diabetes, Parkinson's disease and cardiovascular disease. Until recently, it was thought that differentiated cells could only be produced from embryonic or adult stem cells. Although the results from stem cell studies have been encouraging, perhaps the most startling findings have been the recent observations that differentiated cell types can transdifferentiate (or convert) into a completely different phenotype. Harnessing transdifferentiated cells as a therapeutic modality will complement the use of embryonic and adult stem cells in the treatment of degenerative disorders. In this review, we will examine some examples of transdifferentiation, describe the theoretical and practical issues involved in transdifferentiation research and comment on the long-term therapeutic possibilities.

Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics and Trauma: Challenges, Regulation and Ethical Issues

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslav Zamborsky ◽  
Miroslav Kilian ◽  
Maria Csobonyeiova ◽  
Lubos Danisovic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Critical Bone Defects

The ability of stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into cell types of different lineages forms the basis of regenerative medicine, which focuses on repairing or regenerating damaged or diseased tissues. This has a huge potential to revolutionize medicine. It is anticipated that in future, stem cell therapy will be able to restore function in all major organs. Intensive research has been on-going to bring stem cell therapy from bench to bedside as it holds promise of widespread applications in different areas of medicine. This is also applicable to orthopaedics, where stem cell transplantation could benefit complications like spinal cord injury, critical bone defects, cartilage repair or degenerative disc disorders. Stem cell therapy has a potential to change the field of orthopaedics from surgical replacements and reconstructions to a field of regeneration and prevention. This article summarizes advances in stem cell applications in orthopaedics as well as discussing regulation and ethical issues related to the use of stem cells.

Regenerative medicine and traumatic brain injury: from stem cell to cell-free therapeutic strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianxu Cui ◽  
Yasmeen Saeed ◽  
Haomin Li ◽  
Jingli Yang
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Standardized Treatment

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health concern, yet there is a lack of standardized treatment to combat its long-lasting effects. The objective of the present study was to provide an overview of the limitation of conventional stem cell therapy in the treatment of TBI and to discuss the application of novel acellular therapies and their advanced strategies to enhance the efficacy of stem cells derived therapies in the light of published study data. Moreover, we also discussed the factor to optimize the therapeutic efficiency of stem cell-derived acellular therapy by overcoming the challenges for its clinical translation. Hence, we concluded that acellular therapy possesses the potential to bring a breakthrough in the field of regenerative medicine to treat TBI.

scholarly journals Impact of Graphene Derivatives as Artificial Extracellular Matrices on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Rabia Ikram ◽  
Shamsul Azlin Ahmad Shamsuddin ◽  
Badrul Mohamed Jan ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Qadir ◽  
George Kenanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Graphene Derivatives ◽  
Potential Applicability

Thanks to stem cells’ capability to differentiate into multiple cell types, damaged human tissues and organs can be rapidly well-repaired. Therefore, their applicability in the emerging field of regenerative medicine can be further expanded, serving as a promising multifunctional tool for tissue engineering, treatments for various diseases, and other biomedical applications as well. However, the differentiation and survival of the stem cells into specific lineages is crucial to be exclusively controlled. In this frame, growth factors and chemical agents are utilized to stimulate and adjust proliferation and differentiation of the stem cells, although challenges related with degradation, side effects, and high cost should be overcome. Owing to their unique physicochemical and biological properties, graphene-based nanomaterials have been widely used as scaffolds to manipulate stem cell growth and differentiation potential. Herein, we provide the most recent research progress in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) growth, differentiation and function utilizing graphene derivatives as extracellular scaffolds. The interaction of graphene derivatives in human and rat MSCs has been also evaluated. Graphene-based nanomaterials are biocompatible, exhibiting a great potential applicability in stem-cell-mediated regenerative medicine as they may promote the behaviour control of the stem cells. Finally, the challenges, prospects and future trends in the field are discussed.

Human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells are superior to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for cell therapy in regenerative medicine

2010 ◽  
Vol 393 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetanjali B. Tomar ◽  
Rupesh K. Srivastava ◽  
Navita Gupta ◽  
Amruta P. Barhanpurkar ◽  
Satish T. Pote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Human Gingiva

scholarly journals Cell therapies for traumatic brain injury

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. E18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Harting ◽  
James E. Baumgartner ◽  
Laura L. Worth ◽  
Linda Ewing-Cobbs ◽  
Adrian P. Gee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Current Therapies

Preliminary discoveries of the efficacy of cell therapy are currently being translated to clinical trials. Whereas a significant amount of work has been focused on cell therapy applications for a wide array of diseases, including cardiac disease, bone disease, hepatic disease, and cancer, there continues to be extraordinary anticipation that stem cells will advance the current therapeutic regimen for acute neurological disease. Traumatic brain injury is a devastating event for which current therapies are limited. In this report the authors discuss the current status of using adult stem cells to treat traumatic brain injury, including the basic cell types and potential mechanisms of action, preclinical data, and the initiation of clinical trials.

scholarly journals CD90- (Thy-1-) High Selection Enhances Reprogramming Capacity of Murine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Kawamoto ◽  
Masamitsu Konno ◽  
Hiroaki Nagano ◽  
Shimpei Nishikawa ◽  
Yoshito Tomimaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Cell Sorter ◽  
High Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Background. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC), are multipotent and can differentiate into various cell types possessing unique immunomodulatory features. Several clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and possible efficacy of MSCs in organ transplantation. Thus, stem cell therapy is promising for tolerance induction. In this study, we assessed the reprogramming capacity of murine ADSCs and found that CD90 (Thy-1), originally discovered as a thymocyte antigen, could be a useful marker for cell therapy.Method. Murine ADSCs were isolated from B6 mice, sorted using a FACSAria cell sorter by selection ofCD90HiorCD90Lo, and then transduced with four standard factors (4F; Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc).Results. Unsorted,CD90Hi-sorted, andCD90Lo-sorted murine ADSCs were reprogrammed using standard 4F transduction.CD90HiADSCs showed increased numbers of alkaline phosphatase-positive colonies compared withCD90LoADSCs. The relative reprogramming efficiencies of unsorted,CD90Hi-sorted, andCD90Lo-sorted ADSCs were 100%, 116.5%, and 74.7%, respectively.CD90Hicells were more responsive to reprogramming.Conclusion.CD90HiADSCs had greater reprogramming capacity thanCD90LoADSCs, suggesting that ADSCs have heterogeneous subpopulations. Thus,CD90Hiselection presents an effective strategy to isolate a highly suppressive subpopulation for stem cell-based tolerance induction therapy.

scholarly journals Magnetic Nanoparticles for Targeting and Imaging of Stem Cells in Myocardial Infarction

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Santoso ◽  
Phillip C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

Stem cell therapy has broad applications in regenerative medicine and increasingly within cardiovascular disease. Stem cells have emerged as a leading therapeutic option for many diseases and have broad applications in regenerative medicine. Injuries to the heart are often permanent due to the limited proliferation and self-healing capability of cardiomyocytes; as such, stem cell therapy has become increasingly important in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Despite extensive efforts to optimize cardiac stem cell therapy, challenges remain in the delivery and monitoring of cells injected into the myocardium. Other fields have successively used nanoscience and nanotechnology for a multitude of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, targeted imaging, hyperthermia, and tissue repair. In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely employed for molecular and cellular imaging. In this mini-review, we focus on the application of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in targeting and monitoring of stem cells for the treatment of myocardial infarctions.

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