HUMAN KNOWLEDGE/HUMAN KNOWERS: COMMENTS ON MICHAEL WILLIAMS' “WHAT'S SO SPECIAL ABOUT HUMAN KNOWLEDGE?”

Episteme ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Jeremy Fantl
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Epistemic Responsibility ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Michael Williams

AbstractIn Michael Williams' “What's So Special About Human knowledge?” he argues that the kind of knowledge characteristic of adult humans is distinctive in that it involves epistemic responsibility. In particular, when an adult human has knowledge, they have a certain kind of epistemic authority, and that to attribute knowledge to them is to grant them a certain kind of authority over the subject matter. I argue that, while it is true that when we attribute knowledge to adult humans, we typically also attribute to them the relevant kind of epistemic authority, this need not be because adult humans have a distinctive kind of knowledge. Rather, it may be because adult humans are distinctive kinds of beings - beings that can have epistemic authority over the subject matter about which they know. The only thing that need be special about human knowledge is that it's had by human knowers.

scholarly journals The Importance and Value of Knowledge in the Context of Informatization: The Problem of Knowledge Fragmentation

TEM Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1042-1052
Author(s):  
Vaclav Reznicek ◽  
Zdenek Smutny
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Value Of Knowledge ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
The Subject

This article attempts to explicate importance and value of knowledge in the context of informatization, while focusing on the problem of fragmentation of human knowledge in connection with the application of ICT in the process of education (or the process of learning). The illustrative research uses quantitative research method. A questionnaire survey was carried out on a sample of respondents (n=342) described in the paper. An interpretative critical analysis is based on existing sources as well as on data from our own investigation. Based on the analysis the authors present how informatization contributes to the fragmentation of individual knowledge. The article includes the model of importance of knowledge and a (general) theoretical concept that should enable a better understanding of the subject matter. A necessity therefore arises for an adequate reaction of the education system, as well as each individual, to the conditions changed by informatization. The authors present their main recommendations on how to react to the changed conditions at the area of education.

scholarly journals AGAMA DAN FILSAFAT

Al-Risalah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123
Author(s):  
Ahmad Faqihuddin
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
The Subject

Ibnu Khaldun adalah salah satu pemikir yang teguh beriman kepada Allah dan orang yang teguh berpegang pada ajaran Islam. Dalam kitabnya Al-Muqaddimah selalu diselingi dengan nama Allah dan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang sesuai dengan pokok pembahasannya dan pada setiap penutup pasal selalu diakhiri dengan doa dan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an. Jjika berbicara tentang agama, Ibnu Khaldun tidak lupa selalu mengutip ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dan hadits-hadits Nabi. Dalam berbicara tentang filsafat, Ibnu Khaldun terlebih dahulu menguraikan perkembangan filsafat Yunani terutama mengenai Plato dan Aristoteles yang membicarakan konsep Tuhan. Ibnu Khaldun juga mengkritik Plato dan Aristoteles, dikatakan bahwa keduanya memiliki konsep yang tidak jelas tentang Tuhan. Ibnu Khaldun juga mengkritik para filsafat dan filosof yang berusaha menjadikan filsafat sebagai sarana menjaga masalah keimanan, akan tetapi Ia tetap menghargai filsafat. Ibnu Khaldun adalah orang pertama yang telah membuat studi kritis terhadap filsafat karena keterbatasan pengetahuan manusia. Sedikit sekali ia menyinggung cara-cara spekulatif yang pernah dikemukakan Al-Farabi, Ibnu Sina, Ibnu Rusyd, dan filosof-filosof lain. Ibnu Khaldun lebih cenderung kepada pendirian Ibnu Rusyd dalam pemikiran ketika berhadapan dengan Al-Ghazali, tapi sebagian para ahli mengatakan bahwa Ibnu Khaldun sedikit banyak dipengaruhi oleh pemikiran Al-Ghazali. Ibn Khaldun was one of the thinkers who firmly believed in Allah and firmly adhered to the teachings of Islam. In his book Al-Muqaddimah,he has always interspersed with the name of Allah and the verses of the Qur'an in accordance with the subject matter. And even at each closing the chapter, he always ends with prayer and verses of the Qur'an. Whenever talking about the religion Ibn Khaldun always quote the verses of the Qur'an and the hadiths of the Prophet. In talking about philosophy, he first described the development of Greek philosophy, especially about Plato and Aristotle who talked about the concept of God. Ibn Khaldun criticized Plato and Aristotle, saying that the two concepts about God were unclear. Ibn Khaldun also criticized philosophers and philosophers who tried to make philosophy a means of guarding the problem of faith. However he still respected the philosophy. Ibn Khaldun was the first to make a critical study of philosophy because of the limitations of human knowledge. He mentioned very little about the speculative ways that Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, and other philosophers have suggested. Ibn Khaldun was more inclined towards the establishment of Ibn Rushd in thought when dealing with Al-Ghazali, but some experts say that Ibn Khaldun was more or less influenced by Al-Ghazali.

Words

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327
Author(s):  
Colbert Searles
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The Subject

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.

The Taxonomic Structuring of Medical Information and its Usefulness in this Form

1965 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zinsser
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Programmed Instruction ◽  
Orderly Fashion ◽  
The Subject

An outline has been presented in historical fashion of the steps devised to organize the central core of medical information allowing the subject matter, the patient, to define the nature and the progression of the diseases from which he suffers, with and without therapy; and approaches have been made to organize this information in such fashion as to align the definitions in orderly fashion to teach both diagnostic strategy and the content of the diseases by programmed instruction.

العربية المقاربة المقاصديّة في ردّ ابن فودي على القادح في جلستهم الدعويّة

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alawiye Abdulmumin Abdurrazzaq ◽  
Ahmad Wifaq Mokhtar ◽  
Abdul Manan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Subject

This article is aimed to examine the extent of the application of Islamic legal objectives by Sheikh Abdullah bn Fudi in his rejoinder against one of their contemporary scholars who accused them of being over-liberal about the religion. He claimed that there has been a careless intermingling of men and women in the preaching and counselling gathering they used to hold, under the leadership of Sheikh Uthman bn Fudi (the Islamic reformer of the nineteenth century in Nigeria and West Africa). Thus, in this study, the researchers seek to answer the following interrogations: who was Abdullah bn Fudi? who was their critic? what was the subject matter of the criticism? How did the rebutter get equipped with some guidelines of higher objectives of Sharĩʻah in his rejoinder to the critic? To this end, this study had tackled the questions afore-stated by using inductive, descriptive and analytical methods to identify the personalities involved, define and analyze some concepts and matters considered as the hub of the study.

HUBUNGAN PROFESIONALISME PENDIDIK TK DENGAN KINERJA PENDIDIK DI TK RAYON IV KOTA DUMAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Ranirizal Ranirizal
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Teacher Performance ◽  
Teacher Professionalism ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
Kindergarten Educators ◽  
Academic Qualifications

Performance is the performance shown by educators, both in quality and quantity in carrying out their duties in accordance with the responsibilities given to them professionally. Educator performance development is a very decisive factor in the success of the education and learning process. In fact, in Kindergarten Rayon IV, Dumai City, there is still a low level of competency standards possessed by educators. The intended competency standard is from the standard academic qualifications and four competencies that must be possessed by a kindergarten educator, namely pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies. This is evidenced by educators not yet mastering learning material with the maximum known when the learning process educators are not able to explain well the subject matter, and educators have not shown maximum performance in carrying out their duties and functions. The purpose of this study was to see whether there was an influence on teacher professionalism on teacher performance in Dumai IV Rayon Kindergarten. The results of the study prove that there is a significant relationship between the professionalism of Kindergarten educators and the performance of educators in Kindergarten Rayon IV, Dumai City. This is evidenced by the value of Sig (2-tailed) professionalism on educator's performance of 0,000, so the calculation shows 0,000 <0.05. This means that Ha is accepted, that is, there is a significant relationship between the professionalism of Kindergarten educators and the Performance of Educators in Kindergarten Rayon IV, Dumai City.

Justine Pila, The Subject Matter of Intellectual Property

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-144
Author(s):  
Patrick Masiyakurima
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Subject

Perpindahan dan Perubahan : Transportasi dalam Struktur Naratif Riwayat Perjalanan ke Amerika di Era Viktorian

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ari J. Adipurwawijdana
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Henry James ◽  
World View ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Travel Narrative ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRAKRiwayat yang disajikan penulis Britania era Viktorian tentang perjalannnya ke Amerikamengasumsikan adanya sebuah jaringan prasarana transportasi. Sistem transportasiterkait dengan riwayat perjalanan (travel narrative) dalam tiga hal, yaitu (1) sebagaibasis material bagi perjalanan, (2) sebagai substruktur riwayat, dan (3) sebagai pokokpembicaraan dalam riwayat itu sendiri. Buku Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832)merupakan model bagi cara infrastruktur transportasi menentukan aspek naratologis,yaitu urutan dan perspektif dalam struktur naratif riwayat perjalanan. Karya tersebut jugamenyajikan transportasi sebagai pokok pembicaraan dalam teksnya itu sendiri walaupun tidaksejauh sebagaimana yang tampak pada The Amateur Emigrant (1895) karya Robert LouisStevenson. Dalam hal ini, The American Scene (1907) karya Henry James juga relevankarena, walaupun tidak secara gamblang membicarakan transportasi sebagai topik dantidak pula menampakkan ciri-ciri riwayat perjalanan, karya tersebut merepresentasicara wawasan Britania-Amerika trans-Atlantik dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang lumrah.Wawasan ini juga memandang menganggap perjalanan trans-Atlantik sebagai semacamperjalanan menembus waktu, yang menunjukkan ketidaknyaman para penulis Britaniaabad kesembilanbelas terhadap transformasi sosial ke masyrakat demokratis yangdirepresentasi secara metaforis oleh pemahaman mereka tentang Amerika.Kata kunci: catatan perjalanan Viktorian, transportasi, wisataABSTRACTNarratives presented by Victorian British writers about their travels to America assume theavailability of a transprtation infrastructure system. Such a system is related to the travelnarrative in three things, namely, (1) as a material base for travel, (2) as a narrative substructurehistory, and (3) as the subject-matter of the narratives. Fanny Trollope’s Domestic Mannerof the Americans (1832) is a model for the way transportation infrastructure determinesnarratological aspects, namely order and perspective in the structure of the travel narrative.The piece also presents transportation as a subject-matter in its text although it does notgo so far as do Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Amateur Emigrant (1895). In discussingtransportation Henry James’ The American Scene is also relevant because, despite it’s notexplicitly speaking of transportation as a topic nor does it show the convential characteristicsof the travel narrative, the work represents a British-American trans-Atlantic world viewas a given. This world view also considers trans-Atlantic travels as a kind of voyage acrosstime, implying the discomfort of nineteenth-century British writers concerning the socialtransition into a democratic society represented by America as a metaphor.Keywords: Victorian travel narrative, transportation, tourism

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