scholarly journals Military techno-vision: Technologies between visual ambiguity and the desire for security facts

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Saugmann
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
The Public ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Human Practices ◽  
Visual Ambiguity

AbstractMilitary applications of technologies for enhancing or producing vision play a key role in composing contemporary security, as such technologies are deployed to make security sense of everyday sociality, of battlefields, and of much in between these extremes. In this article, I set out to recompose militarised techno-vision through the public detritus left by its heterogenous development, use, and appropriation. I argue that as an heterogenous and amalgamated object, military techno-vision can be composed by speaking the stories of its leftovers, and that this composition is characterised by and in turn characterises a longstanding dilemma between fact and vision – between the ambiguity that is constitutive of the human practices of visual perception and image-making, and the desire for machines that can produce visual ‘actionable intelligence’ that can underpin security decisions. Discourses, practices, and regimes of visibility are deployed alongside technologies to occlude the ambiguity of technological vision and sustain the imaginary of technologically altered vision as neutral production of military or security facts.

scholarly journals Economic discourse and visual configuration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpar Lošonc ◽  
◽  
Andrea Ivanišević ◽  
Ivana Katić ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Visual Effect ◽  
Economic Discourse ◽  
Dominant Source ◽  
The Public ◽  
Geometric Figures ◽  
Cognitive Authority ◽  
Classical Image

Economic discourse has always used different visual modes of shaping perception. For example, characteristic classical image in economic discourse is the "invisible hand". In doing so, economic discourse reaches for, concerning of its metaphors, for resources in physics, but also in literature. If big part of the visual figures of economic discourse (equilibrium, e.g.) was borrowed from physics in the twentieth century, mathematics is a significant, even dominant source of the formation of visual perception, based on different schemes, graphs and geometric figures. In this paper, we show the configuration dynamics of visual perceptions in economic discourse, starting from the fact that visualization of economic discourse has the following functions: a) demonstration of certain knowledge, b) the realization of a performative visual effect, that is the creation of certain forms of visibility, c) persuasion of the public regarding the fact that economic discourse has cognitive authority.

scholarly journals The neon fruit illusion: a fresh recipe for colour science demonstrations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Harvey ◽  
Takuma Morimoto ◽  
Manuel Spitschan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
European Conference ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Science Demonstration

At this year's European Conference on Visual Perception we debuted a novel colour science demonstration---and visual illusion---for the Un mare di illusioni exhibition. Under carefully curated lighting conditions, cycling through different illuminant spectra, certain fruits and vegetables appear to glow and dim in an unchanging environment. Encouraged by the positive reactions it received, and the numerous and specific questions from conference delegates, we here describe what this illusion is, why we believe it may work, and how this particular low-cost setup may be assembled and demonstrated for the amazement of your friends, students, and members of the public.

scholarly journals ‘Entomophagy’: an evolving terminology in need of review

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Evans ◽  
M.H. Alemu ◽  
R. Flore ◽  
M.B. Frøst ◽  
A. Halloran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Food ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Practices ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Over Time

There is growing interest in insects as human food in academia, food and agricultural industries, public institutions and the public at large. Yet many of the words and concepts used to describe these organisms and the human practices surrounding them are still rudimentary, compared to the diversity of the organisms themselves and the existing complexity and rapid evolution of the practices they aim to describe. The goals of this paper are to: (1) show how the roots of the term ‘entomophagy’ and its uses have evolved over time; (2) illustrate some of the term’s problems that necessitate its review; and (3) offer recommendations for use of the term in future research and other practice. Our paper offers a brief historical review of insect eating as described by certain Western cultural sources, explores some of the taxonomic ambiguities and challenges surrounding the category ‘insects’, and ultimately argues for more precise and contextual terminology in this both richly traditional and rapidly developing field.

scholarly journals Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence: Evidence from a Survey of Machine Learning Researchers

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baobao Zhang ◽  
Markus Anderljung ◽  
Lauren Kahn ◽  
Noemi Dreksler ◽  
Michael C. Horowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
International Governance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
The Us ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Governance Strategies ◽  
Technical Solutions

Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) researchers play an important role in the ethics and governance of AI, including through their work, advocacy, and choice of employment. Nevertheless, this influential group's attitudes are not well understood, undermining our ability to discern consensuses or disagreements between AI/ML researchers. To examine these researchers' views, we conducted a survey of those who published in two top AI/ML conferences (N = 524). We compare these results with those from a 2016 survey of AI/ML researchers (Grace et al., 2018) and a 2018 survey of the US public (Zhang & Dafoe, 2020). We find that AI/ML researchers place high levels of trust in international organizations and scientific organizations to shape the development and use of AI in the public interest; moderate trust in most Western tech companies; and low trust in national militaries, Chinese tech companies, and Facebook. While the respondents were overwhelmingly opposed to AI/ML researchers working on lethal autonomous weapons, they are less opposed to researchers working on other military applications of AI, particularly logistics algorithms. A strong majority of respondents think that AI safety research should be prioritized and that ML institutions should conduct pre-publication review to assess potential harms. Being closer to the technology itself, AI/ML researchers are well placed to highlight new risks and develop technical solutions, so this novel attempt to measure their attitudes has broad relevance. The findings should help to improve how researchers, private sector executives, and policymakers think about regulations, governance frameworks, guiding principles, and national and international governance strategies for AI. This article appears in the special track on AI & Society.

scholarly journals The Neon Fruit Illusion: A Fresh Recipe for Colour Science Demonstrations

Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Harvey ◽  
Takuma Morimoto ◽  
Manuel Spitschan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
European Conference ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Science Demonstration

At this year’s European Conference on Visual Perception, we debuted a novel colour science demonstration—and visual illusion—for the Un mare di illusioni exhibition. Under carefully curated lighting conditions, cycling through different illuminant spectra, certain fruits and vegetables appear to glow and dim in an unchanging environment. Encouraged by the positive reactions it received, and the numerous and specific questions from conference delegates, we here describe what this illusion is, why we believe it may work, and how this particular low-cost setup may be assembled and demonstrated for the amazement of your friends, students, and members of the public.

scholarly journals New Lens to Reveal the Street Interface. A Morphological-Visual Perception Methodological Contribution for Decoding the Public/Private Edge of Arterial Streets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11442
Author(s):  
Nawaf Saeed Al Mushayt ◽  
Francesca Dal Cin ◽  
Sérgio Barreiros Proença
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Physical Entity ◽  
Floor Level ◽  
Arterial Streets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Topological Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

Streets have different forms that are not defined only by their partitions, furniture, and width, but also by their edges as vital features of their spatiality. The relationship between a street and a building impacts the street interface configurations, resulting in various topological characteristics. Thus, the street interface is a physical entity that is produced by the interrelationship between urban morphological elements (street and building), and the way it is formed and used affects the livability of the street. The methods used in the current study contribute to an empirical urban morphological–visual cognitive investigation of arterial street interface configurations, particularly on the ground floor level, to assess potential relations between variations in the physical configurations that influence pedestrian visual perception using mobile eye-tracking glasses. In conclusion, this study contributes to research into developing a spatial framework for arterial street liveability, addressing the pilot case study of Avenida da República in Lisbon.

Crossmodal Interactions in Visual Competition

2013 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Kohske Takahashi ◽  
Katsumi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Temporal Synchronization ◽  
Vision Science ◽  
Crossmodal Interactions ◽  
Visual Ambiguity

Visual competition is one of the long-standing mysteries in vision science. The image that arises from a person’s visual awareness of a constant visual input can spontaneously and stochastically changed between two or more possible interpretations. Visual competition is largely defined by the actual visual experience. However, recent studies have suggested that the process of resolving visual ambiguity is not limited to the domain of vision. Rather, the process is likely susceptible to various types of nonvisual modulation (e.g., auditory and haptic/tactile). Here, the authors review the recent studies that investigate the crossmodal interactions found in visual competition. These current studies highlight the significant crossmodal effects in visual competition, including the bias toward visual interpretations that are congruent with other modalities and the temporal synchronization of the transition between two (or more) visual interpretations with nonvisual events. These nonvisual modulations of visual competition reveal that visual perception is built upon several levels of crossmodal synchronization.

Spectral Spectacle: Traps, Disappearances, and Disembodiment in Nineteenth-Century British Melodrama

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Dickinson Urban
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Scene Design ◽  
Phenomenological Inquiry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Consciousness

Two nineteenth-century melodramas, J.R. Planché's The Vampire (1820) and Dion Boucicault's The Corsican Brothers (1852) exert a haunting influence on how we in the present conceptualise ghosts. Through rendering the seemingly invisible – that is, the ghostly body – spectacular through technology, while simultaneously concealing the mechanism behind that feat, the plays' eponymous traps heighten the effect of the spectral even as their workings elude visual perception. My study elucidates the mediation of the traps through other facets of production. To accomplish this task, I undertake a phenomenological inquiry into the play's sound, lighting, and scene design via an examination of the plays' production materials as well as modern reconstructions of the traps. The sensory signifiers associated with the traps, including musical motifs and lighting cues, linger in the public consciousness even when the technology behind them has been rendered obsolete by later technological iterations.

Replications can cause distorted belief in scientific progress

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Białek
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychological Science

AbstractIf we want psychological science to have a meaningful real-world impact, it has to be trusted by the public. Scientific progress is noisy; accordingly, replications sometimes fail even for true findings. We need to communicate the acceptability of uncertainty to the public and our peers, to prevent psychology from being perceived as having nothing to say about reality.

Failure Analysis With the Scanning Electron Microscope

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 482-483
Author(s):  
John R. Devaney
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Small Structure ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Scanning Electron

Occasionally in history, an event may occur which has a profound influence on a technology. Such an event occurred when the scanning electron microscope became commercially available to industry in the mid 60's. Semiconductors were being increasingly used in high-reliability space and military applications both because of their small volume but, also, because of their inherent reliability. However, they did fail, both early in life and sometimes in middle or old age. Why they failed and how to prevent failure or prolong “useful life” was a worry which resulted in a blossoming of sophisticated failure analysis laboratories across the country. By 1966, the ability to build small structure integrated circuits was forging well ahead of techniques available to dissect and analyze these same failures. The arrival of the scanning electron microscope gave these analysts a new insight into failure mechanisms.

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