scholarly journals The impact of information about tobacco-related reproductive vs. general health risks on South Indian women's tobacco use decisions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Caitlyn D. Placek ◽  
Renee E. Magnan ◽  
Vijaya Srinivas ◽  
Poornima Jaykrishna ◽  
Kavitha Ravi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
General Health ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Impact

Knowledge impact of a US-based tobacco prevention curriculum among Tanzanian children

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 802-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige St Germain ◽  
Frances L Lucas ◽  
Miriam J Williams Wilson ◽  
Bertha Tsingay A Maegga ◽  
Susan Miesfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Tobacco use is a major public health issue in developing countries, with substantial initial exposure in childhood. School-based educational resources promise to reduce tobacco initiation and experimentation among children from low-income countries. Research in this area is scant. The study goal was to test the impact of an evidence-based US educational resource on tobacco-use health risk knowledge among Tanzanian children. Methods: Eglin Long-Horn of Nightshade County is a potentially transferable children’s storybook/curriculum focused on reducing tobacco-use intent. A pre-/post-survey assessed the impact of ‘Eglin’ on knowledge of tobacco exposure health risks among secondary school-age residents of a Tanzanian children’s home. Results: Of the 52 participants, 35 returned both surveys. School grade ranged from Forms 1 to 4, with 51% in Forms 1–2 (ages 14–15). There was an overall increase from 60% to 93% ( p < .0001) in correct survey responses, with an increase seen in all grade levels. Conclusion: A US-based tobacco awareness storybook/curriculum improved Tanzanian children’s knowledge of tobacco-use health risks.

Urinary incontinence in women with gynecologic malignancies before and after primary therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9087-9087
Author(s):  
L. S. Downs ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
J. F. Wyman
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Radical Hysterectomy ◽  
General Health ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

9087 Background: There is limited data on the impact of treatment for gynecologic cancer on future urinary incontinence. Our objective is to determine degree of urinary incontinence in women previously treated for gynecologic cancer and women not yet treated. Methods: With IRB approval gynecologic cancer patients that had completed therapy over 1 year prior and those not yet receiving therapy were asked to participate. Consenting subjects completed the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ) and Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI). Both are scored from 0–100 with higher scores representing more incontinence. We also assessed general health. Mean scores were calculated and compared with adjustments for covariates. In established patients Kruskal-Wallis was used to test overall equality of IIQ and UDI across various diagnoses and treatments. Results: Ninety new patients and 104 established patients were enrolled. Age, parity, tobacco use and use of incontinence medications were similar between the groups. General health status was worse in the new patients (p<0.0001). Mean (± S.E.) IIQ scores were similar between new (6.87 ± 1.4) and established patients (4.76 ± 0.96), p=0.56. Mean UDI scores were also similar for new (17.2 ± 9.0) and established (13.2 ± 9.8) patients, p=0.20. After adjusting for health status, parity, age, tobacco use, prior use of incontinence medications there was no significant difference in either score. There was a significant positive association between age and incontinence as assessed by IIQ (p=0.02). We compared scores for established patients diagnosed with cervical, ovarian, uterine and vulvar cancer and found no significant difference in either IIQ (p=0.55) or UDI (p=0.76). Similarly there was no significant difference in scores for patients receiving hysterectomy, radical hysterectomy, BSO, vulvectomy, tumor debulking, chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Although not significant there was a trend toward more incontinence in patients having received radical hysterectomy. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence as measured by IIQ and UDI dose not appear to be different at the time of diagnosis of gynecologic cancer and a year from the completion of therapy. There is no apparent difference in urinary incontinence across diagnoses. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Working conditions and the formation of health risks among workers of the petrochemical industry engaged in the production of methanol and its derivatives

2019 ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Nina M. Meshchakova ◽  
Marina P. Dyakovich ◽  
Salim F. Shayakhmetov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Industrial Noise ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
The Impact

Introduction.Methanol and its derivatives occupy one of the leading places among the main organic synthesis intermediates in terms of their importance and scale of production. According to experts, by 2027 the global demand for methanol can reach 135 million tons, the annual growth will be about 5.5%. However, there is little information regarding the assessment of working conditions and occupational risks for workers in modern methanol production and its derivatives.The aim of the studyis hygienic assessment of working conditions and the formation of health risks in workers of modern production of methanol and methylamines.Materials and methods.The assessment of the main adverse factors of production is given. When studying the state of health, objective indicators (the results of an in-depth medical examination) and subjective (the results of a quantitative assessment of the risks of the main pathological syndromes associated with health) are considered.Results.According to long-term observations, the concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area, indicators of labor severity, parameters of physical factors met hygienic requirements, with the exception of industrial noise exceeding the maximum permissible level, as well as labor intensity of 1 degree. The General assessment of working conditions corresponds to the category of harmful 2 degrees (3.2). According to the results of the medical examination and quantitative assessment of the risks of health disorders in workers, the most significant were functional disorders and diseases of the circulatory system. The levels of somatic pathology on the part of the main body systems were significantly higher in apparatchiks compared to the engineering and technical personnel (ETP).Conclusions:In the production of methyl alcohol and methylamines, the main hygienic importance is the impact on workers of the complex of harmful substances of 1-IV hazard classes in low concentrations, increased levels of industrial noise, labor intensity of 1 degree. According to the subjective assessment of health and medical examination, the greatest prevalence of health risks in workers was observed from the circulatory system, and the levels of the revealed somatic pathology were statistically significantly higher in apparatchiks compared with the ETP.

A Study on the Impact of Demonetization on Utilisation of Private Health Care Services in a South Indian City

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Yalanchmanchili ◽  
N. Partha Sarathy ◽  
U. Vijaya Kumar ◽  
M. Ravi Kiran ◽  
Kalapala Abhilash
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Private Health Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian City ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Thermal processing contaminants in foodstuffs and potential  strategies of control

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V) ◽  
pp. S1-S10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Studer ◽  
I. Blank ◽  
R. H Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Food Container ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Us Fda ◽  
The Impact

Over the past decades, researchers from academia, industry, and National authorities and enforcement laboratories, have gained increasing insight in understanding the presence, formation and potential risk to public health posed by the compounds formed during the domestic cooking and heat-processing of different foods. Compounds already intensively studied are the heterocyclic aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and chloropropanols. Concrete measures have been introduced by the food industry to control certain contaminants, exemplified by the introduction of enzymatic hydrolysis of plant proteins or over-neutralization to reduce concentrations of chloropropanols in savoury flavours. The recent discovery of acrylamide in cooked foods has raised much concern, and sparked intensive scientific studies into the occurrence, analysis, exposure, mechanisms of formation, possible measures of control, and toxicology of the compound. However, since acrylamide formation is directly linked to the desired Maillard reaction that generates important flavour and aroma compounds – as well as chemicals with potentially beneficial health effects – any measures taken must assess the impact on overall quality and consumer acceptance of the food product. In addition, mitigation must be devised in such a way as not to increase the risks for other possibly more severe short and medium to long-term health risks. In this context, understanding the impact of changes in processing on the safety of foods will be of paramount importance. In May 2004 the US FDA published findings of trace levels of furan in different foods, corroborating older data and raising some concerns, albeit without reference to any health risks. Particularly canned and jarred foods that are subject to thermal treatment are apparently affected, as the volatile furan is essentially “trapped” in the food container. Analogous to the acrylamide concern, there is a paucity of knowledge in all scientific domains, i.e. exposure, methods of analysis, mechanisms of formation, toxicology. Finally, a concern that needs to be addressed is the lack of knowledge about the effects of final preparation in food service and domestic situations on the formation of processing contaminants. In essence, consumers should follow sound dietary and health advice by choosing diets based on balance, variety and moderation.

scholarly journals Resilience of Heterogeneous Aquifers Evaluated from Different Dose-Response Models of Bisphenol A

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Jinwoo Im ◽  
Calogero B. Rizzo ◽  
Felipe P. J. de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Control Plane ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
The Impact

With the growing concerns over emerging contaminants in indirect potable reuse (IPR) applications, we investigate the impact on human health risk of emerging contaminants introduced into groundwater. Some emerging contaminants have potential endocrine-related health effects at a specific exposure range that is much lower than current guidelines. We start by analyzing Bisphenol A (BPA), which is one of the frequently detected emerging contaminants in groundwater. The objective of this study is to understand how the non-trivial toxicity of BPA affects the estimation of human health risks and, consequentially, aquifer resilience. Based on our results, we aim to provide indications on how to improve water resources management in BPA contaminated sites. We use numerical methods to model BPA contamination of a three-dimensional aquifer, and human health risks and aquifer resilience are estimated at a control plane representing an environmentally sensitive target. A Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to compute uncertainty associated with two levels of heterogeneity. In order to evaluate health risks due to BPA, two types of Dose-Response (DR) models are considered: the monotonic DR model for general exposure and the non-monotonic DR model for prenatal/postnatal exposure. The aquifer resilience is defined as the capacity to recover the state where groundwater is considered potable (i.e., negligible health risks due to BPA). When using the non-monotonic DR model, computational results indicate that the aquifer resilience reduces and its uncertainty increases as the aquifer heterogeneity increases. On the other hand, the aquifer resilience considering the monotonic DR model enhances, and its uncertainty increases relatively smaller than the one considering the non-monotonic DR model. In addition, the variability of the aquifer resilience is controlled by the residence time of the BPA plumes at the control plane, which is related to the volumetric flow rate at the front side of the contamination source. Finally, the decision-making strategy for BPA contaminated sites should be established in accordance with the heterogeneous structure of aquifer and land uses that determines which DR model of BPA is more important in estimating the aquifer resilience.

The Impact of exposure to screen during COVID-19 Lockdown on the General health of students in Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
General Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Background: Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic and a worldwide lockdown was imposed, it was predicted that there would be an increase in screen usage, especially among students, which could potentially have a lot of negative symptomology associated with it. Objective: The objective of our study was to determine the extent of screen exposure among medical students during lockdown and to study the symptoms that they faced due to it along with their frequency. Methods: In our descriptive cross-sectional study, we distributed the specifically designed questionnaire through online media to the concerned population, in order to gather important data about the physical and mental symptoms experienced by the medical students as a result of excessive screen exposure. Results: Of the 400 participants, 93.75 % reported an increase in screen time during the lockdown. As a consequence of increased screen usage, 207 (51.75%) of the participants reported headache, 267 (66.75%) reported fatigue, 283 (70.75%) reported eye strain, 121 (30.25%) reported dry eyes, 143 (35.75%) reported blurry vision, 154 (38.5%) reported teary eyes, 154 (38.5%) reported ear ache, 247 (61.75%) reported neck and back stiffness and 148 (37%) participants agreed to having experienced fingers and hand fatigue. We also established that increasing screen time was associated with a progressive decrease in physical activity (p=0.11) and increase in food consumption (p=0.002). A significant association was also recorded with weight gain (p=0.03). We found that the students previously diagnosed with a refractive error were more likely to complain of eye strain (p=0.004) and those diagnosed with migraine experienced more screen related headache (p=0.001). Of the 11 symptoms related to mental health in the questionnaire, students with screen usage of less than 4 hours marked a median of 2 symptoms, those with screen time of 4-8 hours marked a median of 4 symptoms and those with a screen usage >8 hours ticked a median of 5 symptoms. Students who had been diagnosed with anxiety or depression in the past checked an average of 5.24 symptoms while those with no such diagnosis had only 3.51 symptoms on average. Conclusion: The results proved a potential impact on the general health of the medical students. A significant increase in weight was observed along with other serious short and long term effects on their physical and mental wellbeing.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis for the impact of smoking on the behavior and health of Qatari adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Salam G. Abdel-Salam ◽  
Mahjabeen Ramzan ◽  
Zainab Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
Health Objectives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

AbstractThe links between the use of tobacco and health risks are well known. Most of the younger smokers reside in Asia which includes Qatar, the focus country of this study. Cigarette smoking among children is rising at an alarming rate worldwide including Qatar. As youth make up a significant percentage of the population and to achieve the health objectives of the Qatar Vision 2030, it is essential to ensure the health and well-being of adolescents, as they are the future of Qatar. This study focuses on exploring the patterns of tobacco use and its impacts on the adolescents by conducting a survey in different schools across Qatar. The questionnaire was administered in five schools, selected by proportional random sampling. The responses were recorded from the sample for general questions regarding interest in physical activities, relationship with family and friends, mental satisfaction, health, academics and access to cigarettes.

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