scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF TYPOLOGY IN CHINESE ARCHAEOLOGY

Early China ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 21-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Hein
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Chinese Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Method And Theory ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Method ◽  
The Rich

AbstractChinese and Western archaeologists (especially those of the anthropologically-oriented tradition) often seem to be talking past each other, not only because they are publishing in different languages, but also because of differences in theory and method. While most of the major theoretical works in Western languages are by now available in Chinese translations, hardly any English-language publications exist that explain Chinese approaches to archaeological method and theory. This article helps to bridge the gap by introducing the history of debates on archaeological method in China to a Western audience, focusing particularly on issues of typology and classification. Discussing in detail the merits—and issues—of approaches suggested by four of the most influential Chinese archaeologists (Li Chi, Xia Nai, Su Bingqi, and K. C. Chang), this article provides a deeper understanding of the preconditions of archaeological research in China. It also suggests future directions for archaeological work by local and foreign archaeologists, including but also going beyond the classification of the rich body of artifacts coming to light in Chinese excavations.

Elliptical Analysis: An Heuristic Technique for the Analysis of Artifact Clusters

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Dekin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Archaeological Method And Theory ◽  
Heuristic Technique ◽  
Archaeological Method ◽  
Arctic Archaeology

Perhaps the most neglected aspect of archaeological research in the Arctic has been the within-site dimension of archaeological data. Few archaeologists have “attempted to see their material as remains left by social groups” (Anderson 1968:397) and fewer still have attempted to infer patterns of social organization and the within-site organization of activities. One measure of the degree to which Arctic archaeologists have failed to contribute to contemporary archaeological method and theory is the fact that the 37-page bibliography of Contemporary Archaeology: A Guide to Theory and Contributions recently edited by Mark Leone (1972) contains not one reference to Arctic archaeology. In part, this is because much of the contents of this collection of papers considers data from the southwestern United States and Mesoamerica, but it also demonstrates that Arctic archaeologists have contributed little to discussions of archaeological method and theory.In a recent chapter on the development of Arctic archaeology (Dekin 1973), I expressed optimism regarding the potential theoretical contributions of archaeology in the Arctic, but this will not occur without a renewed emphasis on precise excavation, analytic sophistication, and a revitalized sense of “problem.”

scholarly journals Topical Methods for Shaping a Linguistic World View in International Relations Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-580
Author(s):  
Emiliia Bushueva
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
English Language ◽  
World View ◽  
Petersburg Institute ◽  
Wilhelm Von Humboldt ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Linguistics

The language is a specific type of human activity, «a shape of thought». As a means of communication, it acts as an exponent of the speaker’s spirit and world outlook. The issue of shaping a linguistic world view in students of non-linguistic colleges and, in particular, the problem of the language impact on the way of view of life still requires its solution. The author of the article harks back to the history of foreign linguistic school of thoughts of German linguists Wilhelm von Humboldt (founder of theoretical linguistics) and Johann Leo Weisgerber (who proposed the term «the linguistic world view»), of American ethno-linguists Edward Sepir (author of the comprehensive typological classification of languages of the world) and Benjamin Whorf (author of the theory of linguistic relativity), of an English philosopher John Langsho Ostin, one of the creators of the theory of speech acts. The article mentions some ideas of the Russian world view presented in works of the national linguists, such as A.A. Potebnya, A. Vezhbitskaya, Ye.S. Kubryakova, V.M. Vorobyev. Drawing on many years of experience of teaching the English language in departments of international relations, linguistics and translation studies in St. Petersburg Institute for External Economic Relations, Economics and Law, the author examines the methods of shaping the linguistic world view in students of International Relations and Linguistics. As an example, the author brings forth a scenario of the lecture course in the discipline «Professional Foreign Language (English) in Studying the Topic «National Identity».

scholarly journals Long-term History in a Moroccan Oasis Zone: The Middle Draa Project 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Mattingly ◽  
Youssef Bokbot ◽  
Martin Sterry ◽  
Aurelie Cuénod ◽  
Corisande Fenwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Unknown Phase ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Field Systems ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The University ◽  
Major Occupation

AbstractThis article describes the research questions and presents the initial ams dates of the Middle Draa Project (southern Morocco), a collaborative field survey project between the University of Leicester and the Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine (insap) of Morocco. Starting from a very low baseline of past archaeological research in this pre-desert valley, the overall objective of the project is to establish the extent, character and chronology of the rich archaeology of the Wadi Draa. The results presented here detail a hitherto unknown phase of major occupation in the Draa in the 4th-6th centuries ad evidenced by complex hilltop settlements and extensive cairn cemeteries (an initial typology is presented). A second medieval phase comprised major urban centres that are contemporary with the Almoravid and Almohad periods of Moroccan history. Alongside these urban centres, there are the remains of substantial mudbrick oasis settlements and irrigation and field-systems of a contemporary date. A key contribution of this paper concerns the construction of an outline chronology based upon initial analysis of the ceramics collected, but crucially supplemented and supported by a major program of ams dating. The remote sensing and field survey data collected by the project enable us to develop some hypotheses concerning the long-term history of this important oasis valley.

scholarly journals The Influence of Anglicism on French Language——Enrichment or Danger

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Huiwen Yuan
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Original Language ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

The phenomenon of Anglicism is one of the hot linguistic topics which exists in almost every language in the world, especially in the French language. We look back to the history of English and French, and introduce the definition and classification of Anglicism. Considering the predominant place of the UK and the USA in many fields, the English language undoubtedly becomes Lingua franca in recent years.In certain high-tech domains, there are some irreplaceable words or the words which can't be translated properly in the target language. In order to introduce relative concepts, we have to ask the original language for help. That's how the Anglicism appears. And since then, the Anglicism has grown rapidly.By analyzing the history of the two languages, the origin of Anglicism and its development, we try to find out whether the phenomenon of Anglicism causes positive or negative effects for the French language.

Method and Theory in Coastal New York Archaeology: Paradigms of Settlement Pattern

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Ceci
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Pattern Complexity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Structure

Settlement pattern research in Coastal New York follows the philosophical structure of advances in method and theory in science. Two alternative paradigms for settlement pattern complexity are currently under debate with the traditional based on maize as the principal factor to promote or “allow” increased sedentism, and the new on the European fur-wampum trade. The history of the two paradigms is presented and five important issues are discussed and evaluated as supporting evidence: archaeological maize, pollen, soil, fertilizer, and settlement pattern models. The evidence appears to offer stronger support for the new. The major goal of this paper is to outline past and present archaeological research as a basis for future directions; it is also to serve as a rejoinder to Silver's (1980) comments on an earlier article of mine (1979) in this journal.

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN, DISTRIBUTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE GERMANIC LANGUAGE

2017 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
E. G. Zheleznova
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
Further Development

English is the most known and spoken language in the world. In this regard, we are interested in the history of the English language. English belongs to the largest and most widespread group of languages called Germanic languages. Germanic languages are a group of closely related languages spoken by more than 500 million people across the globe. The article considers the modern Germanic languages, their distribution and classification, and their ancestors - the Germanic languages. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that Germanic languages are the ancestors of the modern Germanic languages that are native languages for most countries of Europe and South Africa. It is also possible to increase interest in the science of language as interlinguistics, and as a result, further development of linguistics as a whole. The aim of this work is to investigate the role of the Germanic languages in the history of linguistics, and also give the knowledge about phonetic and morphological features. The objectives of this article: to give a classification of modern Germanic languages, to indicate the distribution area, to highlight the phonetic and morphological features of old Germanic languages. In the paper we have used the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, and abstracting

scholarly journals Citation analysis of the most influential ependymoma research articles illustrates improved knowledge of the molecular biology of ependymoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolan J. Brown ◽  
Bayard Wilson ◽  
Brian V. Lien ◽  
Alexander Himstead ◽  
Ali R. Tafreshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Md Anderson ◽  
Current Area ◽  
The University

AbstractThe history of academic research on ependymoma is expansive. This review summarizes its history with a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles on ependymoma. In March 2020, we queried the Web of Science database to identify the most cited articles on ependymoma using the terms “ependymoma” or “ependymal tumors,” yielding 3145 publications. Results were arranged by the number of times each article was cited in descending order. The top 100 articles spanned across nearly a century; the oldest article was published in 1924, while the most recent was in 2017. These articles were published in 35 unique journals, including a mix of basic science and clinical journals. The three institutions with the most papers in the top 100 were St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (16%), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (6%), and the German Cancer Research Center (5%). We analyzed the publications that may be considered the most influential in the understanding and treatment management of ependymoma. Studies focused on the molecular classification of ependymomas were well-represented among the most cited articles, reflecting the field’s current area of focus and its future directions. Additionally, this article also offers a reference for further studies in the ependymoma field.

Repurposing Consumer Products as a Gateway to Just-in-Time Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan O'Brien ◽  
Ralf Schlosser ◽  
Christina Yu ◽  
Anna Allen ◽  
Suzanne Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Memory Disorders ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich

AbstractThe rich feature set and flexibility of mobile technology offers a host of novel opportunities to provide specific and timely supports to individuals with communication and memory disorders. These “just-in-time” (JIT) supports can be used as prompts, reminders, rewards, strategies to increase independence, and expressive language supports for children and adults with communication and memory disorders. The purpose of this article is to examine current research on, and propose future directions for, repurposing consumer products to enhance JIT communication within the field of augmentative and alternative communication. Initially, a brief history of JIT supports will be reviewed, including a timeline and history of JIT-enabling technology. Next, the taxonomy of JIT supports will be applied to current research in both individuals with autism spectrum disorder and individuals with acquired communication disorders (e.g., acquired brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) to illustrate current clinical implications and evaluate current limitations of JIT supports. Finally, future directions for research and expanded use of consumer products to provide JIT supports will be discussed.

Archaeology and the Pauline Letters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cavan Concannon
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pauline Studies

Archaeological materials and research have long informed the study of the Pauline letters. These materials have typically been used to provide a ‘background’ to Paul’s writings, to solve interpretive problems, or to ‘prove’ the veracity of a detail in Paul’s biography, as recorded in canonical Pauline literary sources. This chapter looks at the history of how archaeological research has been used to interpret the Pauline letters and the methodological issues that such interdisciplinary conversations touch upon. It pays particular attention to the perils and the promise of bringing archaeological research into conversation with Pauline studies. It then turns to explore case studies of interdisciplinary research by scholars of early Christianity on four cities connected to the Pauline letters: Thessaloniki, Philippi, Ephesos, and Corinth. These projects point to promising avenues forward for how Pauline studies might engage archaeological work. (N.B. This article is a distilled, adapted, and updated version of Concannon 2013.)

History of Gender Identity and Mental Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Lore M. Dickey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

In the past fifty years, gender identity has been closely linked to mental health. This is due, in part, to the classification of gender identity disorder and gender dysphoria being listed as mental health disorders in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This chapter focuses on the history of the intersection of gender identity and mental health. The author explores first the history addressing the intersection of gender identity and mental health and then evidence-based research exploring this intersection. This includes the ways that mental health has and continues to impact transgender people. The author examines co-occurring mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and bipolar disorder as well as the ways that race and ethnicity complicate these disparities. Finally, the author addresses the future directions in the areas of research, clinical practice, and training.

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