scholarly journals A Modeling Approach for Elastic Tolerance Simulation of the Body in White Hang-On Parts

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3461-3470
Author(s):  
Hanchen Zheng ◽  
Frank Litwa ◽  
Benjamin Reese ◽  
Chenyang Li ◽  
Martin Bohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Compliant Assembly ◽  
Body In White ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Cost

AbstractComputer aided tolerancing (CAT) in the automobile industry is implemented by CAD tools. These tools analyze the manufacturability of complex assemblies with rigid single parts in an early stage to reduce the product development time and the cost for hardware prototypes. This paper proposes an approach to implement tolerance simulation for a compliant assembly, which includes manufacturing processes such as clinching, bolting and hemming by applying tolerance simulation tool. The fender- BIW system is simulated as a compliant–rigid system and the simulation model is applied to two production scenarios. The simulation results are compared with real measurement data, which demonstrates the efficacy of using simulation in early production as opposed to prototyping or other methods of design by showing the strong correlation between simulation results and as-built products.

scholarly journals Process Modeling of Bus Services in a Bus Station

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
A.M Shiddiq Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Process Modeling ◽  
Service System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Main Item ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Bus Services ◽  
The Cost

Modeling is one important parts in designing a product or a service system. It aims to reduce the cost and minimize the improper of early production/service stage that could be ended by high loss of economic value. Process modeling of bus service is required to obtain proper information regarding number of buses required based on the prediction number of passengers and time consumes. This paper is aimed to investigate the very early stage of bus service modeling using Visual Basic Excel Program. The result shows that the model system that using five inclusive sheets programming for covering the main item in the bus service system is sufficient to represent the real condition in the practical condition.

The Body Structural Optimization Based on Safe Side Impact

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 514-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yao Zhao ◽  
Yi Feng Zhao ◽  
Li Yang Xie ◽  
Xue Jiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Structural Optimization ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
The Real ◽  
Safe Side ◽  
Body In White ◽  
The Cost

In view of analyzing the whole side crashworthiness, based on C-NCAP side impact regulations, this study has analyzed the structural characteristics influencing the side impact of car, and proposed the corresponding structural optimization case. According to FEM, the body optimization case has been simulated and contrasted with the real results. As a result, a good side crashworthiness of the car has been obtained, which helps reduce the cost and the quality of the car. Besides, the study has also done simulation work of the rigidity and modal of the body-in-white and compared it with the real results, which has further tested the correctness of optimization model and helped achieve effective approaches to the design of the car side crashworthiness.

Light Weight Design in Body-in-White Development Considering Passive Safety Requirements

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Passek
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
General Concept ◽  
The Body ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Vehicle Mass ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Body In White

Abstract Aside from aerodynamics, resistance to rolling, and the engine efficiency itself, mass is the most influencing factor of fuel consumption and therefore vehicle emission. Over the last years, the automobile industry has generally met the ever-increasing requirements on comfort and passive safety with increases in vehicle mass. However, with the European Community together with Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA), setting fleet average fuel consumption goals for 2008 to 5.81 petrol/100km (5.251 diesel/100km), this practice has to be not only stopped, but reversed. Very simply, it means that vehicle mass has to decrease while current and new legal requirements on passive safety will continue to have to be met. Additionally, comfort goals have to remain abreast of market demands. The use of alternative, lightweight materials in the Body-in-White offers the possibility of reducing vehicle mass without influencing the general concept of the car. The basis for an optimal vehicle structure is set in the initial phase of development. Consideration of implementing alternative materials has to occur at this stage in order to be successful. In order to be cost effective, these feasibility studies are primarily determined by simulation. For this purpose, it is imperative to have dependable models for these alternative materials, which can describe, not only their linear-elastic properties, but also the non-linear behavior and damage. One common choice for lightweight material which is seeing more and more use in the automobile industry is aluminum which has only one third the density of steel. This paper discusses the simulating and testing process for structural aluminum components in a BMW vehicle, starting with a general introduction to the problems of simulating aluminum alloys. BMW’s Z8 project is used as example, emphasis being placed on passive safety subjects.

scholarly journals Battery Models for Battery Powered Applications: A Comparative Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Campagna ◽  
Vincenzo Castiglia ◽  
Rosario Miceli ◽  
Rosa Anna Mastromauro ◽  
Ciro Spataro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Battery Modeling ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
The Cost

Battery models have gained great importance in recent years, thanks to the increasingly massive penetration of electric vehicles in the transport market. Accurate battery models are needed to evaluate battery performances and design an efficient battery management system. Different modeling approaches are available in literature, each one with its own advantages and disadvantages. In general, more complex models give accurate results, at the cost of higher computational efforts and time-consuming and costly laboratory testing for parametrization. For these reasons, for early stage evaluation and design of battery management systems, models with simple parameter identification procedures are the most appropriate and feasible solutions. In this article, three different battery modeling approaches are considered, and their parameters’ identification are described. Two of the chosen models require no laboratory tests for parametrization, and most of the information are derived from the manufacturer’s datasheet, while the last battery model requires some laboratory assessments. The models are then validated at steady state, comparing the simulation results with the datasheet discharge curves, and in transient operation, comparing the simulation results with experimental results. The three modeling and parametrization approaches are systematically applied to the LG 18650HG2 lithium-ion cell, and results are presented, compared and discussed.

Simulation Tool for Assignment Models: SIMASI

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4723-4728
Author(s):  
Pratiksha Saxena ◽  
Smt. Anjali
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
Assignment Model ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Assignment Models

In this paper, an integrated simulation optimization model for the assignment problems is developed. An effective algorithm is developed to evaluate and analyze the back-end stored simulation results. This paper proposes simulation tool SIMASI (Simulation of assignment models) to simulate assignment models. SIMASI is a tool which simulates and computes the results of different assignment models. This tool is programmed in DOT.NET and is based on analytical approach to guide optimization strategy. Objective of this paper is to provide a user friendly simulation tool which gives optimized assignment model results. Simulation is carried out by providing the required values of matrix for resource and destination requirements and result is stored in the database for further comparison and study. Result is obtained in terms of the performance measurements of classical models of assignment system. This simulation tool is interfaced with an optimization procedure based on classical models of assignment system. The simulation results are obtained and analyzed rigorously with the help of numerical examples. 

Computer simulation to evaluate the economics of landfill gas recovery

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
M. W. Milke
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Hypothetical Case ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Fixed Set ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Simulation Results

A need exists for tools to improve evaluations of the economics of landfill gas recovery. A computer simulation tool is presented. It uses a spreadsheet computer program to calculate the economics for a fixed set of inputs, and a simulation program to consider variations in the inputs. The method calculates the methane generated each year, and estimates the costs and incomes associated with the recovery and sale of the gas. Base case results are presented for a city of 500,000. An uncertainty analysis for a hypothetical case is presented. The simulation results can help an analyst see the key variables affecting the economics of a project.

Insights into Transdermal Drug Delivery: Approaches for Redressal of a Burgeoning Issue of Osteoporosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1682-1695
Author(s):  
Foziyah Zakir ◽  
Kanchan Kohli ◽  
Farhan J. Ahmad ◽  
Zeenat Iqbal ◽  
Adil Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Cost

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that remains unnoticed until a fracture occurs. It is more predominant in the older age population, particularly in females due to reduced estrogen levels and ultimately limited calcium absorption. The cost burden of treating osteoporotic fractures is too high, therefore, primary focus should be treatment at an early stage. Most of the marketed drugs are available as oral delivery dosage forms. The complications, as well as patient non-compliance, limit the use of oral therapy for prolonged drug delivery. Transdermal delivery systems seem to be a promising approach for the delivery of anti-osteoporotic active moieties. One of the confronting barriers is the passage of drugs through the SC layers followed by penetration to deeper dermal layers. The review focuses on how anti-osteoporotic drugs can be molded through different approaches so that they can be exploited for the skin to systemic delivery. Insights into the various challenges in transdermal delivery and how the novel delivery system can be used to overcome these have also been detailed.

Tail shapes lead to different propulsive mechanisms in the body/caudal fin undulation of fish

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622096768
Author(s):  
Jialei Song ◽  
Yong Zhong ◽  
Ruxu Du ◽  
Ling Yin ◽  
Yang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Fish Model ◽  
Swimming Efficiency ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Propulsive Mechanism ◽  
High Depth

In this paper, we investigate the hydrodynamics of swimmers with three caudal fins: a round one corresponding to snakehead fish ( Channidae), an indented one corresponding to saithe ( Pollachius virens), and a lunate one corresponding to tuna ( Thunnus thynnus). A direct numerical simulation (DNS) approach with a self-propelled fish model was adopted. The simulation results show that the caudal fin transitions from a pushing/suction combined propulsive mechanism to a suction-dominated propulsive mechanism with increasing aspect ratio ( AR). Interestingly, different from a previous finding that suction-based propulsion leads to high efficiency in animal swimming, this study shows that the utilization of suction-based propulsion by a high- AR caudal fin reduces swimming efficiency. Therefore, the suction-based propulsive mechanism does not necessarily lead to high efficiency, while other factors might play a role. Further analysis shows that the large lateral momentum transferred to the flow due to the high depth of the high- AR caudal fin leads to the lowest efficiency despite the most significant suction.

scholarly journals Modeling of German Low Voltage Cables with Ground Return Path

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Geis-Schroer ◽  
Sebastian Hubschneider ◽  
Lukas Held ◽  
Frederik Gielnik ◽  
Michael Armbruster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Laboratory Measurement ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Return Path

In this contribution, measurement data of phase, neutral, and ground currents from real low voltage (LV) feeders in Germany is presented and analyzed. The data obtained is used to review and evaluate common modeling approaches for LV systems. An alternative modeling approach for detailed cable and ground modeling, which allows for the consideration of typical German LV earthing conditions and asymmetrical cable design, is proposed. Further, analytical calculation methods for model parameters are described and compared to laboratory measurement results of real LV cables. The models are then evaluated in terms of parameter sensitivity and parameter relevance, focusing on the influence of conventionally performed simplifications, such as neglecting house junction cables, shunt admittances, or temperature dependencies. By comparing measurement data from a real LV feeder to simulation results, the proposed modeling approach is validated.

scholarly journals Fabry Cardiomyopathy: Current Practice and Future Directions

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1532
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Yim ◽  
Olivia Yau ◽  
Darwin F. Yeung ◽  
Teresa S. M. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Blood Spot

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the galactosidase A (GLA) gene that result in deficient galactosidase A enzyme and subsequent accumulation of glycosphingolipids throughout the body. The result is a multi-system disorder characterized by cutaneous, corneal, cardiac, renal, and neurological manifestations. Increased left ventricular wall thickness represents the predominant cardiac manifestation of FD. As the disease progresses, patients may develop arrhythmias, advanced conduction abnormalities, and heart failure. Cardiac biomarkers, point-of-care dried blood spot testing, and advanced imaging modalities including echocardiography with strain imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T1 mapping now allow us to detect Fabry cardiomyopathy much more effectively than in the past. While enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been the mainstay of treatment, several promising therapies are now in development, making early diagnosis of FD even more crucial. Ongoing initiatives involving artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered interpretation of echocardiographic images, point-of-care dried blood spot testing in the echocardiography laboratory, and widespread dissemination of point-of-care ultrasound devices to community practices to promote screening may lead to more timely diagnosis of FD. Fabry disease should no longer be considered a rare, untreatable disease, but one that can be effectively identified and treated at an early stage before the development of irreversible end-organ damage.

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