scholarly journals Observations on the Effects of Skill Transfer through Experience Sharing and In-Person Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Håvard Vestad ◽  
Carlo Kriesi ◽  
Kristoffer Slåttsveen ◽  
Martin Steinert
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Skill Transfer ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Rf Communication ◽  
Collaboration And Communication ◽  
High Skill ◽  
Experienced User

AbstractAn essential part of any space in which physical prototyping and prototype-driven product development is being conducted is the education of its users in the necessary skills to fully utilise the material resources of the space. This paper describes how two different skills were transferred between five projects in our research laboratory, TrollLABS. Based on the observed skill-transfers in the production of PCBs and use of RF-communication in mechatronics projects certain tendencies emerged: How the use of forced vocal experience sharing; And in-person transferring of skills has impacted the acquired skills of the learner. The observations further show that through the guidance of a more experienced user the learner is able to make “skill-jumps”: Intermediate skill steps, as well as underlying detailed knowledge, are skipped and the learner is able to reach a high skill level in a shorter time than the original acquirer of the skill. Furthermore, skills are retained in the space through cross-generational collaboration and communication. This article aims to share these insights and provide a starting point for answering some of the challenges of modern maker spaces.

scholarly journals A CONTROL LIST FOR THE SYSTEMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF DISTURBANCE FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Peter Welzbacher ◽  
Gunnar Vorwerk-Handing ◽  
Eckhard Kirchner
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Disturbance Factor ◽  
Systematic Identification

AbstractThe importance of considering disturbance factors in the product development process is often emphasized as one of the key factors to a functional and secure product. However, there is only a small number of tools to support the developer in the identification of disturbance factors and none of them yet ensures that the majority of occurring disturbance factors is considered. Thus, it is the aim of this contribution to provide a tool in form of a control list for the systematic identification of disturbance factors. At the beginning of this contribution, the terms “disturbance factor” and “uncertainty” are defined based on a literature review and different approaches for the classification of uncertainty are presented. Subsequently, the fundamentals of multipole based model theory are outlined. Moreover, a first approach in terms of a control list for a systematic identification of disturbance factors is discussed. Based on the discussed approach and taking the identified weaknesses as a starting point, a control list is presented that combines the existing basic concept of the control list with the fundamentals of multipole based model theory.

scholarly journals Importance And Role Of Competence In Professional Career Of Product Develop Engineers

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Miltenović ◽  
Milan Banić ◽  
Vojislav Miltenović
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
New Product ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Improve Product Quality ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Optimum Utilization ◽  
Fierce Competition

Abstract Product development is a creative task where is systematically created a new product, which makes possible to firms to offer attractive, innovative and market oriented products. In conditions of fierce competition and saturated markets, companies that do not innovate are stagnating and disappear from the market. Innovation is therefore every intervention which can reduce production costs, enables optimum utilization of available human, energy and material resources, improve product quality, improve the placement, which leads to an increase in competitiveness. A prerequisite for fulfillment of the above-mentioned tasks is that the companies have engineers with the appropriate competencies, which are able to, through creativity, innovation and fascinating technique of creating new or improving existing products and lunch it on the market. The paper discusses the role and importance of the competences that are necessary for a successful professional career of product development engineers.

A Simple Starting Point for Designing for and/or Assessing the Social Impact of Products

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ottosson ◽  
Emma Hirschi ◽  
Christopher A. Mattson ◽  
Eric Dahlin
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

In this paper we present a starting point for designing for and/or assessing the social impact of engineered products. The starting point is a set of tables comprising products, their general functional characteristics, and the accompanying social impacts. We have constructed these tables by first extracting a set of social impact categories from the literature, then 65 products were qualitatively reviewed to find their social impact. The resulting product impact tables can be used at either the beginning of the product development process to decide what social impact to design for and discover product functions that lead to it, or later to qualitatively assess the social impact of a product being designed and/or to assess the impact of an existing product.

Development of Food Packaging through TRIZ and the Possibility of Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Harry Jeong ◽  
Seunggu Lee ◽  
Kwangsoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Consumer Research ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
New Product ◽  
Improvement Plan ◽  
Starting Point

As the aging population increases, the need for new product development (NPD) for elderly-friendly food packaging is also increasing. Through the use of consumer research, this study derived the following problems when elderly people use food packaging: “The contents easily overflow when holding the container”, “It is hard to pour”, “Remnant remains after pouring”, and “It is hard to use a straw”. To address these problems, this study applied the following principles of TRIZ: principle 1 (segmentation) and principle 22 (blessing in disguise). In order to materialize the improvement plan, this study developed an elderly-friendly pouch-based packaging from the perspective of universal design. This study shows that it is possible to use the TRIZ technique in the NPD of food packaging, and that it is possible to secure commercial competitiveness from the view of universal design. This study is expected to serve as a starting point for further study on the NPD of elderly-friendly food packaging.

A Computational Product Model for Conceptual Design Using SysML

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wo¨lkl ◽  
Kristina Shea
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
System Development ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Product Modeling ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Starting Point

The importance of the concept development phase in product development is contradictory to the level and amount of current computer-based support for it, especially with regards to mechanical design. Paper-based methods for conceptual design offer a far greater level of maturity and familiarity than current computational methods. Engineers usually work with software designed to address only a single stage of the concept design phase, such as requirements management tools. Integration with software covering other stages, e.g. functional modeling, is generally poor. Using the requirements for concept models outlined in the VDI 2221 guideline for systematic product development as a starting point, the authors propose an integrated product model constructed using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) that moves beyond geometry to integrate all necessary aspects for conceptual design. These include requirements, functions and function structures, working principles and their structures as well as physical effects. In order to explore the applicability of SysML for mechanical design, a case study on the design of a passenger car’s luggage compartment cover is presented. The case study shows that many different SysML diagram types are suitable for formal modeling in mechanical concept design, though they were originally defined for software and control system development. It is then proposed that the creation and use of libraries defining generic as well as more complicated templates raises efficiency in modeling. The use of diagrams and their semantics for conceptual modeling make SysML a strong candidate for integrated product modeling of mechanical as well as mechatronic systems.

scholarly journals Reindeer pastoralism in Sweden 1550-1950

Rangifer ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Lundmark
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
The North ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the middle of the 16th century we get the first opportunity to a more detailed knowledge of reindeerpastoralism in Sweden. At that time the Sami lived in a hunter-gatherer economy. A family had in average about 10-20 domesticated reindeer, mainly used for transport. They could also be milked and used as decoys when hunting wild reindeer. During late 16th century the Swedish state and merchants bought large amounts of fur from the Sami. The common payment was butter and flour. This created a new prosperity, which lead to a considerable increase in population in Swedish Lapland. The population became too large for a hunter-gatherer economy. A crisis in early 17th century was the starting point for the transition to a large-scale nomadic reindeer pastoralism. Up to the middle of the 18th century intensive reindeer pastoralism was successful. But the pastoralism became gradually too intensive and diseases started to spread when the herds were kept too densely crowded for milking in summertime. During the first decades of the 19th century reindeer pastoralism in Sweden went through a major crisis. The number of reindeer herding mountain-Sami decreased considerably, mainly because they went to live permanently along the Norwegian coastline. Intensive reindeer pastoralism started to give way for extensive herding towards the end of the 19th century. In the north of Sweden influences from the Kautokeino Sami were an important factor, in the south extensive reindeer herding started to expand when the market for meat came closer to the Sami. During the 1920s the milking of reindeer ceased in Sweden, except in a few families. At that time Sami families from the north had been removed southwards. They further demonstrated the superiority of extensive herding to the Sami in mid- and southern Lapland. Reindeer pastoralism is basically a system of interaction between man and animal, but it has been heavily influenced by market forces and state intervention during hundreds of years. To a large extent these long-term external influences have made reindeer pastoralism what it is today. That aspect should not be overlooked when assessing the future prospects of reindeer pastoralism in Scandinavia.Renskötseln i Sverige 1550-1950Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: Först vid mitten av 1500-talet finns det källmaterial som ger oss en tämligen detaljerad bild av renskötseln i Sverige. Vid den tiden levde samerna i en jakt- , fiske- och samlarekonomi. En familj hade normalt 10-20 renar som främst utnyttjades vid transporter. Tamrenarna kunde också mjölkas och fungera som lockdjur vid vildrensjakt. Under senare delen av 1500-talet köpte svenska staten och handelsmän stora mängder pälsverk av samerna. Den vanligaste betalningen var smör och mjöl. Detta skapade ett välstånd som ledde till en betydande folkökning i svenska lappmarken. Befolkningen blev för stor för att rymmas inom ramarna för en jaktochfiskeekonomi. En kris i början av 1600-talet blev startpunkten för övergången till en storskalig rennomadism.Fram till mitten av 1700-talet var den intensiva renskötseln framgångsrik. Men renskötseln blev efterhand alltför intensiv. Under senare delen av 1700-talet började det spridas sjukdomar i de tätt sammanhållna hjordarna. De första decennierna av 1800-talet innebar en allvarlig kris i renskötseln. Antalet renskötande fjällsamer minskade kraftigt, främst genom utvandring till norska kusten. Den intensiva renskötseln med mjölkning av renarna började ersättas av en extensiv renskötsel inriktad på köttproduktion de sista decennierna av 1800-talet. I norr var naturförhållandena och influenser från Kautokeino-samerna en viktig faktor, i söder utvecklades renskötseln i extensiv riktning främst därför att marknaden för renkött kom närmare renskötarna. Under 1920-talet upphörde mjölkningen av renar i Sverige, utom i några enstaka familjer. Då hade förflyttningarna av samer från nordligaste Sverige söderut påskyndat utvecklingen och ytterligare markerat den extensiva renskötselteknikensöverlägsenhet. Tamrenskötsel är ett samspel mellan människa och djur, men det är inte bara en fråga om renskötaren och hans hjord. Externa marknadsfaktorer, beskattning och lagstiftning har haft ett betydandeinflytande på renskötselns utveckling under hundratals år. De har till stor del format renskötseln till vad den är idag. Detta bör beaktas när man gör bedömningar av renskötselns framtid. 

scholarly journals Conhecimento botânico e representações ambientais em uma comunidade rural no Domínio Atlântico: bases para conservação local

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Taboada Soldati ◽  
Reinaldo Duque-Brasil ◽  
Taline Cristina Da Silva ◽  
France Maria Gontijo Coelho ◽  
Ulysses Paulino De Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Starting Point

This paper aimed to contribute to building conservation strategies, evaluating specific realitiesand knowledge of the local communities that manage the landscape. In this ethnobotanical study, the knowledge of a ruralcommunity and the local concerns about an Atlantic Forest fragment, currently under legal protection, at Viçosa, MinasGerais, are presented. Data from 26 participants was collected using a series of ethnobotanical methods, such as semistructuredinterviews, free lists, guided tours and cognitive maps. A total of 134 species were recognized. Apuleialeiocarpa (Caesalpinaceae), Xylopia sericea (Annonaceae), Myrcia fallax (Myrtaceae), Ocotea odorifera (Lauraceae) andPiptadenia gonoacantha (Mimosaceae) were the most recorded. Resources were divided into six use categories, andconstruction was the most important. The Collective Subject Discourse analysis about environmental concerns revealeda detailed knowledge of a variety of ecological processes, such as the diversity of plants, animals and vegetation types,plant interactions and the presence of bioindicators. The results provide an initial description of the relationship betweenthe local community research partner and the forest fragment that was studied, being a starting point for the proposals tothe biodiversity conservation considering the local reality.

A Research of Electromechanical Products Green Design Based on Voice of Customer

2014 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
pp. 423-425
Author(s):  
Xi Yin Lou
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Green Design ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Customer Demand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Electromechanical Products ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Voice Of Customer

The customer is the starting point for green design of electromechanical product demand, also the bridge of connecting to the market and the mechanical and electrical product development process. Enterprises effectively obtain and understand customer needs, and accurately define the demand information of mechanical and electrical products in the design process, which is the necessary precondition for the successful design of mechanical and electrical products in the global market environment. The designer obtains accurately and effectively information of demand of mechanical and electrical products, which is an important link of product design process. It will also directly affect the subsequent steps in the process of product development. Therefore, all aspects of mechanical and electrical products manufacturing enterprises work should depend on customer demand. To meet the design idea of customer demand should be fully integrated into every link in the development of mechanical and electrical products. Enterprise can not only shorten the time of mechanical and electrical products, but also have a significant impact on the design of mechanical and electrical products quality.

A Design Knowledge Management Framework for Active Design Support

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundong Francis Pahng ◽  
Sungdo Ha ◽  
Sehyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Design Support ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Active Design

Abstract Product design is a knowledge-intensive activity. Many product development companies have recognized that design knowledge obtained by individual designers is a valuable asset to a company for enhancing the competitiveness of products the company designs and produces. Therefore, companies are becoming more concerned with the effective use of design knowledge accumulated over previous design practices and the qualitative and quantitative utilization of the knowledge toward the rapidly changing market. This paper presents a design knowledge management framework called Active Design Support (ADS). ADS framework is aimed to provide designers with critical design knowledge and guide them toward rational design decisions based upon relevant design errors and successful design decisions in the past during product development processes. Based upon a formal information modeling for managing design information, ADS framework determines and proactively provides the critical design knowledge for designers. To provide an intuitive starting point for retrieving design knowledge, ADS framework also provides a set of different viewpoint, called Knowledge Perspective, for browsing the knowledge base of ADS framework.

scholarly journals Enriching Assembly CAD Models With Functional and Mechanical Informations to Ease CAE

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Foucault ◽  
Jean-Claude Le´on
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Geometric Models ◽  
Bill Of Materials ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Mechanical Information ◽  
Standard Components ◽  
Assembly Models

Assembly models can be regarded as a kernel for product development processes where they can efficiently contribute to many product simulation behaviors. Assembly models are often containing 3D B-Rep CAD models, possibly with geometric constraints between the components and bill of materials. However, these models are often difficult to process for simulations because algorithms often face a very large diversity of configurations. One origin of such difficulties can be found in companies’ practice where components may be represented differently from one company to another and their interfaces as well. In any case, interfaces between components are not explicit, which leads to tedious model processing tasks. This paper illustrates preparation of assembly models to ease CAE through an analysis of company practices, showing that a concept of conventional representations is an important starting point to efficient treatments of assemblies. In addition, it is described how interfaces and conventional representations can be combined to derive functional and mechanical information from geometric models of components. Illustrations of the proposed approach is given throughout the paper using various standard components.

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