scholarly journals HOW TO BEST FRAME A DESIGN BRIEF TO MAXIMIZE NOVELTY AND USEFULNESS IN IDEA GENERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1745-1754
Author(s):  
G. Koronis ◽  
A. Silva ◽  
J. K. S. Kang ◽  
C. Yogiaman
Keyword(s):  
Idea Generation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abstract Group

AbstractThis paper aims to identify factors that influence creativity, and strives towards understanding the effect of representations, namely abstract and concrete design outcomes. Three conditions are compared; a control group, an abstract group, and a group provided with various example solutions. The implications of this work can strongly impact the formulation of design briefs, where the goal is to stimulate the creativity of design brief outcomes and examine their relationship to product awareness.

A Validation Regarding Effectiveness of Scenario Graph

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yagita ◽  
Akira Tose ◽  
Madoka Nakajima ◽  
Sun K. Kim ◽  
Takashi Maeno
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Significant Difference

Scenario Graph is a structured mind mapping methodology that aids design teams to generate potential scenarios for new products and services while visually organizing contextual information. Since its introduction in industry and academia, the Scenario Graph has helped design teams to capture new values and behaviors of potential customers during the problem formulation stage. At the same time, the Scenario Graph, sharing a common challenge with various design methods, has faced difficulty regarding validation of its effectiveness as a design method. This paper describes a validation framework for a method in problem formulation stages and an experiment, which compare ideation results of 87 people — 43 people with the Scenario Graph method (as a test group) and 44 people with the Brainstorming (as a control group) — to solve an identical problem. While the results show no statistically significant difference in the number of ideas generated, the data reveals statistically significant differences in the quality of ideas. The test group, which used the Scenario Graph, yielded ideas that were more novel, feasible, and abstract than the control group, which used the Brainstorming, did. These metrics represent a way to measure the quality of ideas in the domain of engineering design. Our experiment confirms the hypotheses that the Scenario Graph is effective in improving the performance of idea generation sessions, which is consistent with qualitative evaluations. The lessons, gained from this experiment, provide an insight on how this method can be effectively used during the early stages of concept generation of a company’s process for product and/or service development.

scholarly journals Aplicación grupal del Protocolo Unificado para el tratamiento transdiagnóstico de los trastornos emocionales en población argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina S. Grill ◽  
Claudia Elena Castañeiras ◽  
M. Paola Fasciglione
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Abstract Group ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol

Abstract: Group application of the Unified Protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in an Argentine population. The aim of this non-control trial was to analyze the effectiveness of Barlow's Unified Protocol (2011) group application in adult patients with emotional disorders of the anxious-depressive spectrum. This trial study was based on a no-control-group design that included pre- and post-treatment measures. The intervention was performed with 23 patients who met diagnostic criteria for panic attack, agoraphobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, unspecified anxiety disorder and major depression and attended an average of 14 sessions. The results showed a significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression, and of the difficulties in the emotional regulation in the patients, also an increase of positive emotions, personal strength and functional improvement. These data provide evidence on the effectiveness of the transdiagnostic approach for emotional disorders in Argentina.Resumen: El objetivo de este ensayo no controlado fue analizar la efectividad de la aplicación en formato grupal del Protocolo Unificado de Barlow et al. (2011) a pacientes adultos con trastornos emocionales del espectro ansioso-depresivo. Este ensayo clínico se basó en un diseño sin grupo control que incluyó medidas pre y post-tratamiento. La intervención se realizó con 23 pacientes que cumplieron criterios diagnósticos de diversos trastornos incluyendo ataque de pánico, agorafobia, fobia social, trastorno de ansiedad generalizada, trastorno de ansiedad no especificado y depresión mayor y que asistieron a un promedio de 14 sesiones. Los resultados mostraron una reducción significativa de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión y de las dificultades en la regulación emocional en los pacientes así como un aumento de las emociones positivas, la fortaleza personal y mejoría funcional. Estos datos aportan evidencia sobre la efectividad del abordaje transdiagnóstico para trastornos emocionales en Argentina.

Applying mindfulness to grow greater numbers of creative workplaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Real Estate Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Workplace Creativity ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This research paper concentrates on measuring a real estate industry sample group's attentional self-regulation and experiential orientation, as well as their creative idea generation abilities by comparing a treatment group's experience of receiving weekly mindfulness training with a control group that didn't receive the training until a later time. Mindfulness training was found to result in increased mindful attention and awareness over a five week period, and at the same time increased workplace creativity both in the moment and over the longer term. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Design Fixation and Its Mitigation: A Study on the Role of Expertise

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal K. Viswanathan ◽  
Julie S. Linsey
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Design Fixation ◽  
Novice Designers ◽  
Novel Products

Engineering idea generation plays a vital role in the development of novel products. Prior studies have shown that designers fixate to the features of example solutions and replicate these features in their ideas. This type of fixation acts as a major hindrance in idea generation, as it restricts the solution space where designers search for their ideas. Building upon the study by Linsey et al. [2010, “A Study of Design Fixation, Its Mitigation and Perception in Engineering Design Faculty,” ASME Trans. J. Mech. Des., 132, 041003], this study hypothesizes that designers fixate to example features and this fixation can be mitigated using certain defixation materials including alternate representations of the design problem. To investigate this, the experiment conducted by Linsey et al. [2010] with engineering design faculty is replicated with novice designers. Participants generate ideas for a design problem in three groups: one group working with a fixating example, a second group working with the same example along with alternate representations of the design problem and a control group. The obtained results show that both the novice designers and design faculty fixate to the same extent, whereas the defixation materials have differential effect on the two groups. This result indicates that design researchers need to be very careful in developing methods and guidelines that are formulated and tested with studies on novice designers. The effectiveness of such measures may vary with the level of expertise of the designer.

A Study on the Role of Expertise in Design Fixation and its Mitigation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Viswanathan ◽  
Julie Linsey
Keyword(s):  
Design Problem ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Design Fixation ◽  
Novice Designers ◽  
Novel Products

Engineering idea generation plays a vital role in the development of novel products. Prior studies have shown that designers fixate to the features of example solutions and replicate these features in their ideas. This is a major hindrance in idea generation as it restricts the solution space where designers search for their ideas. This study hypothesizes that though expert designers fixate to example features, they still can outperform novices in terms of quantity of ideas as they have a larger set of knowledge acquired through their experience. To investigate this, the experimental by Linsey et al. is replicated for novice designers. Novices generate ideas for a design problem in three groups: one group working with a fixating example, a second group working with the same example along with alternate representations for the design problem and a control group only presented with the problem and no additional materials. The obtained results support the hypothesis. Both novice and expert designers are fixated to the example features, but the expert designers generated more nonredundant ideas. The alternate representations of the design problem help experts in mitigating their fixation, whereas in novices, these have no effect.

scholarly journals Effects of rhetorical text analysis on idea generation and text quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-306
Author(s):  
Phuong Nam T. Nguyen ◽  
Gert Rijlaarsdam ◽  
Tanja Janssen ◽  
Wilfried Admiraal
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Argumentative Writing ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Text Quality ◽  
Genre Awareness ◽  
Short Session

Abstract Producing a meaningful written discourse in a foreign language requires a high cognitive effort of EFL learners. They face challenges caused by L2 word or grammar-related difficulties, and also by the L2 genre and genre conventions that may be quite different from what they experienced in their L1. The present study focusses on the support offered to Vietnamese L2 writers to overcome these hindrances. An intensive four-week writing intervention was designed and tested to examine whether encouraging genre awareness via a short session of sample text analysis could empower students to conduct effective brainstorming for argumentative writing. In a pre-test post-test control group design with switching replications, with 66 EFL intermediate undergraduate participants, the study obtained four indicators of L2 argumentative writing quality: idea generation, productivity, global text quality and self-efficacy. The results showed that participants integrated the sample text analysis into the idea generation stage. They created significantly longer self-expressive free writing texts, perceived the generated ideas as more useful, and used more of these ideas in their argumentative texts composition, compared to students from the control condition (with teacher instruction only). No treatment effects were found for productivity, global quality of final text, and self-efficacy. Students in both control and treatment conditions generally showed a significant improvement on these variables.

scholarly journals Fostering University Students’ Idea Generation and Idea Evaluation Skills With a Cognitive-Based Creativity Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-308
Author(s):  
Kim van Broekhoven ◽  
Barbara Belfi ◽  
Ian Hocking ◽  
Rolf van der Velden
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Creativity Training ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Idea Evaluation

Abstract This paper examines the effectiveness of a 10-hour cognitive-based creativity training on idea generation and idea evaluation among 51 undergraduate students (mean age 22) from a large university in the Netherlands. A pre-post-test within-subject design was conducted. All 51 students received the training as part of their bachelor program, and were assigned to receive the training in the first or second semester. As such, students participated in both experimental conditions (control and intervention), albeit at different times (within-subject design). The Alternative Uses Task (AUT) and specially designed idea evaluation tasks were used before and after the training. In the idea evaluation task, students were asked to evaluate ideas on their originality and feasibility. Their ratings were compared with content experts’ ratings. General Linear Models (GLM) for repeated measures were conducted to determine whether any change in idea generation and idea evaluation is the result of the interaction between type of treatment (i.e. intervention or control group) and time (pre- and post-test). The results indicated that students did not generate significantly more (i.e. fluency) and different kind of ideas (i.e. flexibility) after training. Most importantly, in line with recent research, the results suggested that training does not impact idea evaluation skills among students. This suggests that idea evaluation might be a more complex process to enhance than idea generation. The implications of these results for educational practice and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Design Fixation From Initial Examples: Provided Versus Self-Generated Ideas

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keelin Leahy ◽  
Shanna R. Daly ◽  
Seda McKilligan ◽  
Colleen M. Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Design Fixation ◽  
Design Heuristics ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Initial Concept ◽  
Provided Examples

Abstract Jansson and Smith (1991, “Design Fixation,” Des. Stud., 12(1), pp. 3–11) demonstrated that design fixation occurs when an example solution is provided along with a design problem. After seeing an example concept—even with its flaws pointed out—new designs often share its features. In Jansson and Smith’s studies, a control group saw no example and showed less fixation to the example provided only in the other group. However, another source of fixation from an initial example may arise in the control group from the designer’s own first-generated concept. We conducted a large-scale experiment with beginning engineers to investigate whether design fixation occurs even without seeing a provided example. Half of the participants saw an example solution and half were given no example; instead, they generated their own initial design. Next, all students were individually brainstormed ideas for 30 min. We analyzed both groups’ concepts for fixation on the first solution they saw—either the example provided or their own initial concept. The results showed that the students provided with an example concept experienced less fixation on the initial example than those in the control group, whose concepts were evaluated for similarity to their own initial concept. To consider whether fixation on initial examples (provided or self-generated) might be mitigated, we asked these students to complete a second (30 min) idea generation phase using Design Heuristics for idea inspiration. The results showed that both groups experienced less fixation during the second-generation phase. These findings suggest that fixation on first solutions occurs in individual idea generation arising from both provided examples and self-generated concepts. However, more divergent idea generation can be facilitated through the use of design tools, such as Design Heuristics, to mitigate the consequences of design fixation.

Uncovering Creativity: Structuring Experience in Architectural Design Studio

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ece Kumkale Açikgöz
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Design Studio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Studio Practice ◽  
Architectural Design Studio ◽  
Two Phases

Structuring the outline for an architectural design studio experience has a significant role in students’ meaningful design experiences. Meaningful experience is related with students’ receptivity and idea generation for the ill-structured problems of architectural design. This identification influences the study, which investigates the application of a model for structuring the design studio experience, organized to occur in two phases; problem reception and problem solving. The model employs a combination of two different techniques with a special focus on reflexivity. It completes the extensions level required for the ICE Approach with the C-Sketch ideation technique by employing their adapted versions for architectural design studio practice. The common features of these techniques are their adaptability to any problem, explication centered and process oriented natures, focus on effective brainstorming and suitability on design teamwork studies. There is a remarkable potential to correlate the results of the two techniques. The model was processed within a vertical design studio at Gazi University, Department of Architecture. It enabled getting use of diverse backgrounds within a design team by structuring the collective design process and optimizing the contribution rates of the team members. The method was employed to guide the design study of the experimental group of two teams with ten members in total. The control group was the randomly selected two teams from other teams that did not apply the model, with eleven members in total. The members of the two groups were applied a semi-structured questionnaire at the end of the semester, with a special focus on the internal consistency within the answers of the members of a single team. The results of the qualitative study indicated that the explication based structuring of the design studio experience has had a positive impact on achieving consistency and coherency in the design processes of the experimental groups.

Hexachlorobenzene toxicity in the monkey ovary: III. Ultrastructure induced by high (10 mg/kg) dose exposure

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
A. Dykeman ◽  
J. Jarrelf ◽  
D. C. Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Human Follicular Fluid ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Induction Cycle ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a persistent and mobile organochlorine pesticide, occurs in environment. HCB has been shown to be present in human follicular fluid. An objective of the present report, which is part of a comprehensive study on reproductive toxicity of HCB, was to determine the cytologic effects of the compound on ovarian follicles in a primate model.Materials and Methods. Eight Cynomolgus monkeys were housed under controlled conditions at Animal facility of Health and Welfare, Ottawa. Animals were orally administered gelatin capsules containing HCB mixed with glucose in daily dosages of 0.0 or 10 mg/kg b.w. for 90 days; the former was the control group. On the menstrual period following completion of dosing, the monkeys underwent an induction cycle of superovulation. At necropsy, one-half of an ovary from each animal was diced into ca. 2- to 3-mm cubed specimens that were fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3). Subsequent procedures followed to obtain thin sections that were examined in a Hitachi H-7000 electron microscope have been described earlier.

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