Literature Review: Strategies for Addressing Language Barriers During Humanitarian Relief Operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-351
Author(s):  
Carlo Rossi ◽  
Sylvain Grenier ◽  
Régis Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Language Barriers ◽  
Humanitarian Relief ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Language Discordance ◽  
Medical Interpreters ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Military Diplomacy ◽  
Near Future

AbstractHumanitarian relief operations (HUMRO) represent a nexus between military diplomacy and global health engagement, and may play an increasing role in military operations in the near future. Language barriers between providers and the individuals being assisted are a significant constraint on HUMRO. A literature review was conducted to identify recommendations to address patient-provider language discordance in the international HUMRO context. This was supplemented by a North Atlantic Treaty Organization and US Department of Defense doctrinal review to identify existing best practices for addressing language barriers. Four general themes were identified: (1) print-based aids, (2) information technology, (3) bilingual responders, and (4) the effective use of medical interpreters in the HUMRO setting. Each strategy is reviewed. Informed by expert opinion, we provide concrete leadership and training recommendations for how HUMRO providers might more effectively communicate with patients in a deployed language-discordant context.

Challenges of using big data for humanitarian relief: lessons from the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Sharma ◽  
Ashutosh Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Humanitarian Relief ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Disaster Relief Operations ◽  
Relief Operations

Purpose Big data analytics has emerged as one of the most used keywords in the digital world. The hype surrounding the buzz has led everyone to believe that big data analytics is the panacea for all evils. As the insights into this new field are growing and the world is discovering novel ways to apply big data, the need for caution has become increasingly important. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a literature review in the field of big data application for humanitarian relief and highlight the challenges of using big data for humanitarian relief missions. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts a review of the literature of the application of big data in disaster relief operations. The methodology of literature review adopted in the paper was proposed by Mayring (2004) and is conducted in four steps, namely, material collection, descriptive analysis, category selection and material evaluation. Findings This paper summarizes the challenges that can affect the humanitarian logistical missions in case of over dependence on the big data tools. The paper emphasizes the need to exercise caution in applying digital humanitarianism for relief operations. Originality/value Most published research is focused on the benefits of big data describing the ways it will change the humanitarian relief horizon. This is an original paper that puts together the wisdom of the numerous published works about the negative effects of big data in humanitarian missions.

scholarly journals Use of computer innovative technologies in improving the dartsmen training

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 00061
Author(s):  
Elina Makarova ◽  
Vladislav Dubatovkin ◽  
Nataliya Berezinskaya ◽  
Lyudmila Barkhatova ◽  
Elena Oleynik
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Visual Material ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Optical Motion Capture ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Motion Capture Systems

The research is focused on studying the possibility of effective use of the dart grip system, the work of the athlete’s hand, to prepare the dartsman for competitions using the MOSAR complex. The experiment uses optical motion capture systems, a set of video cameras, led parameter sensors, and devices that allow to record the movement of body parts and a dart. This method of training and controlling dart throwing can serve as educational and visual material for training future athletes. The use of such motion capture systems in the near future may become one of the main aspects of training, both beginners and professionals, in many sports.

On- and offshore prepositioning and delivery mechanism for humanitarian relief operations

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (18) ◽  
pp. 6164-6182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sharifyazdi ◽  
Kaustubh Anil Navangul ◽  
Amir Gharehgozli ◽  
Marianne Jahre
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Relief ◽  
Delivery Mechanism ◽  
Relief Operations

Emergent Technologies Shaping Instructional Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 1607-1630
Author(s):  
Pascal Roubides
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Instructional Design ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Emergent Technologies ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Near Future

This chapter discusses emergent technologies that are currently shaping or expected to shape the field of instructional design in the near future. The discussion begins with a brief overview of instructional design as a professional field over the past century, then focuses on current and promising trends for the field based on advances in technologies supporting instructional development. This chapter intends to provide a centralized literature review of multiple pathways currently being carved in the field, encompassing several parallel trending areas, such as adaptive learning, digital storytelling, gamification, simulation technologies, augmented and virtual reality, cybernetics, the xAPI standard, mobile and ubiquitous learning, and offer a glimpse of how they are shaping or expected to shape the future of all those involved in designing and delivering learning or effecting human behavior and performance change.

Introduction to Smart Environments

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Smart Environments ◽  
Smart Environment ◽  
Smart Spaces ◽  
Cooperative Activity ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Now the Internet of Things (IoT) is growing fast into a large industry with huge potential economic impact expected in near future. The IoT technology evolves to a substrate for resource interconnection and convergence. The users' needs go beyond the existing web-like services, which do not provide satisfactory coupling and automatic composition when the user tries to solve tasks from her/his everyday life. New generation of services (named “smart services”) emerges. In this chapter, we introduce the problem of effective use of the multitude of IoT-enabled devices and other digital resources that now surround our lives. The devices support and assist human by provision of digital services. This is the key objective of a smart environment. Our focus is on such a particular class of smart environments as smart spaces. This class targets IoT-enabled computing environments, where a smart space is created and then provides an infrastructure for applications to construct and deliver value-added services based on cooperative activity of environment participants, either human or machines.

Conflict-induced Food Insecurity and the War Crime of Starvation of Civilians as a Method of Warfare

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-779
Author(s):  
Dapo Akande ◽  
Emanuela-Chiara Gillard
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Relief ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

Abstract This article examines the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) relevant to avoiding or minimizing conflict-induced food insecurity. It is important to consider these rules in order to appreciate the range of protections to which civilians are entitled. Understanding these rules is also essential for interpreting the relevant provisions of international criminal law, including, most notably, the war crime of starvation of the civilian population. After providing a brief outline of the general rules of IHL respect of which can reduce the risk of food insecurity, the article focuses on two sets of rules of direct relevance to food insecurity: the prohibition of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare and the rules regulating humanitarian relief operation. With regard to the former, the article considers whether, under IHL, the prohibition requires that the party that has engaged in the conduct must act with the purpose of causing starvation. It is argued that while the general prohibition of starvation in IHL requires such purpose, there are other, more specific, rules of IHL directed at reducing food insecurity which do not require such purpose. Consideration is also given to the application of the principle of proportionality to measures which have the effect of causing starvation. While most of this article focuses on IHL, it also provides some reflections on the interplay between the rules of IHL relating to humanitarian relief operations and the war crime of starvation in the International Criminal Court’s Statute. Moving briefly away from IHL, the article also highlights a normative tension that can impede humanitarian action and therefore exacerbate food insecurity.

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