Changes in Psychiatric Emergency Room Visits Following the Boston Marathon Bombing

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Amber Frank ◽  
Gaddy Noy ◽  
Clifton Chow ◽  
H. Stephen Leff
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Emergency ◽  
Trauma History ◽  
Boston Marathon Bombing ◽  
Boston Marathon ◽  
Terrorist Event ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

ABSTRACTObjective:This study reviews patient encounters at a Boston-area community hospital Psychiatric Emergency Services (PES) following the Boston Marathon bombings, with the goal of describing the impact of terrorist attacks on PES encounters.Methods:All PES encounters for 2 months preceding and 2 months following the bombing were identified in the electronic medical record. Demographics, current and past psychiatric problems, and trauma history were assessed for all records. Encounters seen post-bombing were compared with those before the bombing.Results:Demographics, current and past psychiatric problems, and trauma history were not significantly different before versus after the bombing; 36 of 440 (8.2%) post-bombing encounters directly mentioned the bombings. New-onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms caused by the bombing occurred in only 4 encounters (0.9%).Conclusions:PES encounters after a terrorist event are likely to mirror those seen before a terrorist event, with only a minority of encounters presenting for new PTSD or acute stress disorder.

Acute Stress Symptoms, Dissociation, and Depression Among Rescue Personnel 24 Hours after the Bet-Yehoshua Train Crash: The Effects of Exposure to Dead Bodies

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menachem Ben-Ezra ◽  
Yuval Palgi ◽  
Nir Essar ◽  
Hilik Sofer ◽  
Yeela Haber
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Dead Bodies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Threat To Life ◽  
Rescue Personnel ◽  
Acute Stress Symptoms

AbstractIntroduction:The immediate impact of exposure to severe wounds, dead bodies, and immediate threat to life has been understudied. Most studies focus on the acute stress disorder and/or post-traumatic stress disorder phases in order to assess rescue personnel's symptomatology, and tend to neglect the immediate exposure to elements of the disaster.Hypothesis:Rescue personnel who had a history of previous exposure to dead bodies would exhibit higher levels of acute stress symptoms, dissociation, and depressive symptoms within the 24 hours following a traumatic event.Methods:Twenty-three rescue personnel participated in the search and excavation of dead and mutilated bodies following the Bet-Yehoshua train crash in Israel.The rescue personnel group was divided based on previous exposure to dead bodies. Each participant completed a demographic questionnaire, which included a question on perceived threat to life, the impact of event scale revised, the dissociative experience scale, and the center of epidemiologic studies depression questionnaire. Student's t-tests, along with multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were conducted in order to learn which factors are related to psychiatric symptomatology following the immediate exposure to such stressors.Results:Among rescue personnel, those with previous exposure to dead bodies did not differ in their levels of acute stress symptoms, dissociation, and depressive symptoms from those who were not previously exposed to dead bodies.Conclusions:These results may suggest the possibility that the impact of exposure to dead bodies does not emerge in the acute stress reactions (ASR) phase (up to 24 hours after the event), but later when people have time to process the trauma. Another possibility is that the rescue coping mechanisms of detachment may serve as a buffer for the horrific sights encountered during the ASR period.

Traumatic Stress in Older Adults

2012 ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Joan M. Cook ◽  
Tatyana Biyanova ◽  
Diane L. Elmore
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Delayed Recognition ◽  
The Impact

This chapter focuses on older adult trauma survivors. Information is presented on prevalence of acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); course, functional impairment, suicide risk, and health care utilization in older adults with PTSD; and the impact of demographic factors such as gender, ethnicity, and race on PTSD in older individuals. In general, rates of ASD and PTSD are lower in older adults compared to other age groups. PTSD in older adults has been linked to suicidal ideation and attempts, functional impairment, physical health, and increased healthcare utilization. Although delayed onset of PTSD has been empirically verified in some military samples with World War II veterans and younger adult civilians, it is rare in the absence of any prior symptoms and might more accurately be labeled “delayed recognition.” More information on trauma and PTSD in diverse populations of older adults is needed, such as racial and ethnic minorities, those with severe physical or mental impairment, noncommunity-residing groups, and those from nonindustrialized countries.

The Impact of Terrorism on Individual Well-Being: Evidence from the Boston Marathon Bombing

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (631) ◽  
pp. 2065-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E Clark ◽  
Orla Doyle ◽  
Elena Stancanelli
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Boston Marathon Bombing ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Boston Marathon ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A growing literature has concluded that terrorism affects the economy, yet less is known about its impact on individual welfare. This article estimates the impact of the 2013 Boston marathon bombing on well-being, exploiting representative daily data from the American Time Use Survey and Well-Being Supplement. Using a combined regression discontinuity and differences-in-differences design, with the 2012 Boston marathon as a counterfactual, we find an immediate reduction in well-being of a third of a standard deviation. In particular, happiness declined sharply and negative emotions rose significantly. While the effects do not persist beyond one week, they may entail adverse health and economic consequences.

scholarly journals Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazish Imran ◽  
Irum Aamer ◽  
Muhammad Imran Sharif ◽  
Zubair Hassan Bodla ◽  
Sadiq Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
The Impact

As COVID-19 grips the world, many people are quarantined or isolated resulting in adverse consequences for the mental health of youth. This rapid review takes into account the impact of quarantine on mental health of children and adolescents, and proposes measures to improve psychological outcomes of isolation. Three electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were searched. Two independent reviewers performed title and abstract screening followed by full-text screening. This review article included 10 studies. The seven studies before onset of COVID 19 about psychological impact of quarantine in children have reported isolation, social exclusion stigma and fear among the children. The most common diagnoses were acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder, grief, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Three studies during the COVID-19 pandemic reported restlessness, irritability, anxiety, clinginess and inattention with increased screen time in children during quarantine. These adverse consequences can be tackled through carefully formulated multilevel interventions. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.3088 How to cite this:Imran N, Aamer I, Sharif MI, Bodla ZH, Naveed S. Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.3088 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Optimism, Satisfaction With Needs Met, Interpersonal Perceptions of the Healthcare Team, and Emotional Distress in Patients’ Family Members During Critical Care Hospitalization

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Auerbach ◽  
Donald J. Kiesler ◽  
Jennifer Wartella ◽  
Sarah Rausch ◽  
Kevin R. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
The Impact

• Background Families of critical care patients experience high levels of emotional distress. Access to information about patients’ medical conditions and quality relationships with healthcare staff are high-priority needs for these families.• Objectives To assess satisfaction with needs met, signs and symptoms of acute stress disorder, interpersonal perception of healthcare staff, level of optimism, and the relationships among these variables in patients’ family members.• Methods Family representatives of 40 patients were administered a brief version of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory, the Acute Stress Disorder Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Impact Message Inventory, and the Life Orientation Test shortly after admission of the patients to the intensive care unit and after discharge.• Results Levels of dissociative symptoms associated with acute stress disorder were elevated in family members just after admission but decreased significantly after discharge. Needs the families thought were least satisfactorily cared for after admission involved lack of information. Interpersonally, attending physicians were viewed as more controlling than bedside nurses at admission; nurses were viewed as more affiliative than physicians both at admission and after discharge. At admission, higher optimism of the family members was strongly related to greater satisfaction with needs met, to perceptions of affiliation from physicians, and to perceptions of not being controlled by physicians.• Conclusions More interpersonal contact with medical staff can help meet the information needs of patients’ families. Nurses may aid in families’ adjustment by fostering a sense of optimism in family members and encouraging them to participate in the patients’ care.

Traumatic Stress in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Cook ◽  
Vanessa Simiola
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
The Impact

This chapter focuses on older adult trauma survivors. Information is presented on prevalence of acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); course, functional impairment, suicide risk, cognitive impairment, accelerated aging, healthcare utilization in older adults with PTSD, and the impact of demographic factors such as gender, ethnicity, and race on PTSD in older individuals. In general, rates of ASD and PTSD are lower in older adults compared to other age groups. PTSD in older adults has been linked to suicidal ideation and attempts, functional impairment, physical health, cognitive impairment, accelerated aging, and increased healthcare utilization. Although delayed onset of PTSD has been empirically verified in some military samples with veterans and younger adult civilians, it is rare in the absence of any prior symptoms and might more accurately be labeled “delayed recognition.” More information on trauma and PTSD in diverse populations of older adults is needed, such as racial/ethnic as well as sexual and gender minorities, those with severe physical or mental impairment, non–community-residing groups, and those from non-industrialized countries.

Acute Stress Symptoms, Dissociation, and Depression among Rescue Personnel 24 Hours after the Bet-Yehoshua Train Crash in Israel: The Effects of Gender

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Palgi ◽  
Menachem Ben-Ezra ◽  
Nir Essar ◽  
Hilik Sofer ◽  
Yeela Haber
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rescue Personnel ◽  
Acute Stress Symptoms

AbstractIntroduction:The effect of immediate exposure to traumatic events and gender differences is under-studied in the literature. Most studies focus on acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) phases in order to measure gender differences, and tend to neglect the immediate expo-sure to the disaster.Hypothesis:The main hypothesis was that female rescue personnel would exhibit higher levels of acute stress symptoms, dissociation, and depressive symptoms in the 24 hours following a traumatic event.Methods:Twenty-three rescue personnel participated in a search and rescue operation at the Bet-Yehoshua train crash in Israel. The rescue personnel group was divided based on gender. Each participant completed a demographic questionnaire including questions that assessed psychological symptoms and issues such as perceived threat to life, the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), and the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression questionnaire (CES-D). Statistical inferences were calculated using t-tests and chi-square tests, along with testing of covariance (MANCOVA) in order to indentify which factors are related to psychiatric symptomatology following the immediate exposure to disaster.Results:The results suggest that among rescue personnel, women did not differ in their levels of acute stress, dissociation, and depressive symptoms from men.Conclusions:These results suggest the possibility that the gender differences in reactions to traumatic events do not emerge in the acute stress reactions (ASR) phase (up to 24 hours after the event), but later on when people have time to process the trauma. Another possibility that may explain the discrepancy between this study and the common knowledge in the literature is that women rescue personnel are considered a highly selected group, which does not reflect on the general population of women. More studies are needed in order to substantiate these results.

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