Dealing With Burn Patients in War Zones

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Antonios Koutras ◽  
Athanasios Syllaios ◽  
Ioannis Tsilikis ◽  
Georgios Kalinterakis ◽  
Prokopis-Andreas Zotos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
War Zones ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Objective: Treating burn patients in the battlefield is one of the biggest challenges that military doctors and medical personnel can face. Wound patterns have been changed over time due to the introduction of new weapons, and many different aspects play a major role in the management of those burns nowadays. There is a potential gap in care of burn patients in war zones. Methods: A thorough literature search in PubMed, scientific journals, and Internet sites was conducted in regard to burn patients and trauma in war zones. Results: It is crucial for military surgeons to be able to stabilize burn patients during wartime conflicts, especially those patients who suffer from extreme burn injuries, as specialized treatment should be given. Medical personnel should be aware of all medication types used, the ways to minimize the risk of bacterial infection, and the ways to keep the injured safe. Conclusions: Injured civilians with burn trauma in the field of battle are deserving care, and special recognition should be given to the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that strive to ease human suffering in war zones. Proper management of burn patients in war zones is crucial, and military medical staff and NGOs can play a key role in that purpose.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Burn Patients Admitted in Madina Hospital Mogadishu Somalia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Osman Abdulle Farah ◽  
Recep Erçin Sönmez ◽  
Mohamed Yusuf Hassan ◽  
Abdurrahman Osman Fıqı ◽  
Orhan Alimoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Background : Burns are among the most devastating forms of trauma, and also the most common typesof injury affecting children in home environment. There are a major cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world for both children and adults,especiallyfor developing countries like Somalia because of inadequate medical treatment.Objective: The main objective is to gain knowledge, attitude andpractice towards burn patients admitted to Madina Hospital between October 2017 and October 2018.Methods: Throughout the study,researchers utilized both quantitative and qualitativemethods of data collection which were achieved from patients included in the study. A briefintroduction was made to the respondents before distributing the questionnaires with the explanation about thesignificance of the study.Results: 404 participants had been included in the study of which were divided into two groups such as ‘case’ (n=202) and ‘control’ (n=202) groups of each having equal number of patients. Burn injuries had beenfound most frequent in children less than 4 years of age (42.6%), and secondlyingadults between 20 and 40 years of age (38.6%). The male-female ratio had been found similar. Significant risk factors regarding burn injuries were such as; low level of education (OR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.28- 4.22, p<0.005),kerosene usage for cooking (OR=1.935; 95% CI:1.303–2.874, p<0.005) and lack of knowledgeconsideringprevention andsafety (OR=1.885, 5% CI:1.559-2.279, p<0.005).Conclusion: Ways of tackling the hazards posed by fire and othercauses of burns in homes, institutions and all work places should be taught in primary, secondary and tertiary levels of education. Low level of education as a risk factor for burns is a complex issue involving communities, non-governmental organizations and government. Theministry of education should incorporatehealth education in the curriculum of primary and secondary schools.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 04 October’19 Page : 218-222

Preliminary Investigation into the Role of Physiotherapists in Disaster Response

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind M. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

AbstractIntroduction:Increasingly, disasters and disaster response have become prominent issues in recent years. Despite their involvement, there have been almost no investigations into the roles of physiotherapists in emergency disaster responses.Additionally, physiotherapists are not employed in emergency disaster response by many of the principal non-governmental organizations supplying such care, although they are included in military responses in the United States and United Kingdom, and in Disaster Medical Assistance Teams in the US.This paper, based on a small qualitative study, focuses on the potential role and nature of input of physiotherapists in disaster response.Methods:A qualitative approach was chosen due to the emergent nature of the phenomenon. Four physiotherapists, all of whom had been involved in some type of disaster response, agreed to participate. Semi-structured telephone interviews were used to explore participants' experiences following disaster response, and to gain ideas about future roles for physiotherapists. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and later analyzed using coding and categorization of data.Results:Four main themes emerged: (1) descriptions of disasters; (2) current roles of the physiotherapist; (3) future roles of physiotherapists; and (4) overcoming barriers. Although all four physiotherapists had been ill-prepared for disaster response, they took on multiple roles, primarily in organization and treatment. However, participants identified several barriers to future involvement, including organizational and professional barriers, and gave suggestions for overcoming these.Conclusions:The participants had participated in disaster response, but in ill-defined roles, indicating a need for a greater understanding of disaster response among the physiotherapy community and by organizations supplying such care. The findings of this study have implications for such organizations in terms of employing skilled physiotherapists in order to improve disaster response. In future disasters, physiotherapy will be of benefit in treating and preventing rescue worker injury and treating musculoskeletal, critical, respiratory, and burn patients.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with the Decline in HIV and AIDS Prevalence Rate in Volta Region of Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bismark Tsorhe ◽  
Richmond Stephen Sorkpor ◽  
Lawson Nyavor
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Volta Region ◽  
The Government

The research aims at finding out factors that contributed to the decline in HIV and AIDS prevalence rate in the Volta Region of Ghana from 2006 to 2008. Three research questions were asked to guide the review of related literature on the above–mentioned research topic.Simple random sampling was used to select 10 hospitals in the region for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 250 respondents, thus 25 from each of the hospitals sampled. Questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection which consisted of 30 close ended items. The study revealed that in the opinion of 82.7% of health and medical personnel who responded to the questionnaire indicated that behaviour change contributed highly to the decline of HIV and AIDS prevalence rate in the Volta Region. Also, 84.4% and of 99.6% of the respondents agreed that specific HIV and AIDS interventions and HIV and AIDS education respectively contributed highly to the reduction in HIV prevalence rate in the Volta Region. The recommendations made were that the government and non-governmental organizations must intensify their strategies that are geared towards the behavior change of their members. They must also carry out specific intervention strategies to curb HIV and AIDS menace.  

Non-governmental Organizations

2018 ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Schroeder ◽  
Paul Wapner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

What is the relationship between the United Nations and civil society? Has the relationship changed over time? This chapter demonstrates how both the UN and civil society benefit from sustained interaction. It investigates civil society’s role in the UN’s struggle to gain legitimacy, assert its authority, and carry out its missions. Similarly, it explores how civil society actors engage the UN as they work to garner credibility, support, and governing authority. It argues that the limitations of statism—the overriding power of states in world affairs—inspire the UN to work with civil society and encourage both the UN and civil society to make claims to be representatives of the world’s peoples. It starts by defining civil society and then describes the cooperative and conflictual interactions between the UN and civil society. The chapter concludes by analyzing these interactions in the context of questions of legitimacy, accountability, and good governance.

scholarly journals “It Feels Like Engaging With a Friend”: Using Interpersonal Communication Strategies to Encourage Science Conversations With Lay Audiences on Social Media

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Martin ◽  
Bertrum H. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Audience Engagement ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Effective Science ◽  
Over Time

Social media offer the potential to facilitate two-way conversations needed for effective science communication; however, research communicators often struggle to reach lay audiences on these media. In this study, the Twitter and Instagram activity of four individual scientists in North America and Europe, acting as recognized science communicators, was compared with the activity of three marine-focused non-governmental organizations (NGOs), particularly paying attention to the strategies that encourage audience engagement in two-way conversations. The results show that a combination of interpersonal communication strategies can have an important effect on the level of lay user engagement in two-way conversations over time.

scholarly journals How much does it cost to save a species from extinction? Costs and rewards of conserving the Lear's macaw

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 190190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio E. A. Barbosa ◽  
José L. Tella
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

Although the limited resources available to save species from extinction necessitate the optimization of conservation actions, little is known about their costs and effectiveness. We developed a costs–rewards framework that integrates information on which sectors of society contribute to funding conservation, how much is contributed, how funds are distributed among conservation targets and how these investments drive not only conservation rewards but also the economic and ecosystem services that benefit society. We applied this framework to the Lear's macaw ( Anodorhynchus leari ), a species discovered in the wild in 1978 with only 60 individuals. Funds invested over the last 25 years reached US$3.66 million. The contribution of governments, non-governmental organizations and private funders varied over time, as did the funding targets. Funds were proportionally invested to mitigate the main causes of mortality, while no funds were devoted to protecting foraging habitats. Conservation rewards were satisfactory, with the cost and time needed to downlist the species from critically endangered to endangered being similar to those invested in other bird species. However, economic rewards (through ecotourism and handicrafts linked to the conservation of the species) were low and require promotion, while ecosystem services provided by Lear's macaws have yet to be quantified.

Knowledge Management in the Non-Governmental Organizations Context

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Mansour Esmaeil Zaei
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Knowledge Intensive Organizations ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

NGOs are recognized as knowledge-intensive organizations in nature. This is because of the employees' and volunteers' professionalism and knowledgeable experiences and the area in which NGOs work. However, like other organizations, NGOs have fewer financial and personal resources but huge and greater demand for their services. Consequently, leading NGOs started to reengineer their core processes and organizational paradigms to minimize the cost and time spent on internal functions in order to apply the greater part of their energies externally. To meet these targets, NGOs develop and formalize systems and mechanisms for converting and retaining their tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge over time successfully. This strategic and systematic process and mechanism for data capture, storage, classification, and retrieval is knowledge management. Hence, this chapter will attempt to fill the absence of KM study in NGOs. It will help to understand KM from the perspective of NGOs.

scholarly journals Non-governmental organizations and the LGBTI community struggle for rights in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 645-658
Author(s):  
Henrique da Silveira Zanin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So

Despite several studies supporting that some pre-colonial African groups had non-normative sex practices, the African continent still provides limited protection for LGBTI individuals. In Uganda, this protection is non-existent due to the British colonial rule, an anti-Western nationalism and strong religious beliefs. These facts brought widespread disgust for LGBTI people over time and today there is an active anti-LGBTI lawmaking in Uganda. Violence towards LGBTI individuals led to the death of several activists, despite the existence of more than 500,000 people who identify themselves as LGBTI living in the country. Therefore, this paper describes the diverse issues that concern the LGBTI people in Uganda and surveys Ugandan pro-LGBTI non-governmental organizations, describing the type of work they have been doing. It was possible to find four organizations, which have been working in areas such as healthcare, labor and economic empowerment, legal aid, care and support, advocacy and cultural change, visibility and awareness. The various strategies they have been developing are supported by the literature with regard to LGBTI protection in Uganda, except for the care and aid category, which still lacks studies to support the development of counselling, social support to address loneliness issues and safety precautions. This paper suggests studies to be developed in this theme. The work developed by these few NGOs in different areas may be capable of producing local change and political pressure throughout time, as studies such as this one may do so.

Human Rights and States of Emergency

Reified Life ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 123-147
Author(s):  
J. Paul Narkunas
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Natural Rights ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Human Being ◽  
States Of Emergency ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
State Actors

This chapter diagnoses how humanitarian non-governmental organizations are filling a vacuum created ironically by governments outsourcing their governing functions that marks a transformation of the Westphalian order of states by neoliberalism. The proliferation of non-state actors facilitates the politicization of human rights around how to recognize who or what is a human being endowed with natural rights, and who is a terrorist, outlaw, or posthuman. By tracing the connections between human rights and governmentality, human rights advocates must acknowledge their cozy relationship with powerful militaries, which has resulted in humanitarian interventions using the language of rights to justify neocolonial projects that often intensify human suffering. Humanitarianism may function as a deterritorialized form of governmentality that offers a theatrical illusion of protection and security, while undermining their possibilities structurally. Powerful states not only use human rights and humanitarian legitimations for their particularist geopolitical and economic ends, but also direct humanitarian NGOs strategically by proxy for their own interests. In the process the very idea of securing humans becomes instrumentalized as a form of outsourced governance that can be a model eventually for “expendable people” within nation-states.

Exporting Harmful People

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-146
Author(s):  
Melissa Curley
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Australian State ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Over Time

Many states commit to uphold human rights either through domestic legislation and/or through international treaties. In doing so they may adopt forms of cosmopolitan extraterritoriality whereby they can extend the criminal liability of their own citizens and corporations, for their actions abroad. Utilizing Linklater’s work on conceptualizing and classification of harm, the chapter analyses the domestic motivations for the implementation of Australia’s extraterritorial child sex tourism (CST) laws in 1994, and explores the actual implementation of laws via a review of selected prosecutions from 1995 to 2014, as well as international cooperation efforts that have evolved over time. The account presented here is not that the Australian state is a unitary cosmopolitan actor. Rather, it argues that under certain circumstances, the state is willing to partner with non-governmental organizations and responsive citizens (domestic and international) to be a vehicle for realizing cosmopolitan values in some policy realms/areas of interest. The chapter provides a theoretically informed empirical account of why extraterritorial law was enacted, which agents supported it and why, and how it has been mobilized over time by a ‘disaggregated’ Australian state.

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