scholarly journals Public Health and Disasters: An Emerging Translational and Implementation Science, Not “Lessons Learned”

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi L. Koenig ◽  
Carl H. Schultz ◽  
Miryha Gould Runnerstrom ◽  
Oladele A. Ogunseitan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Implementation Science ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Disaster Research ◽  
New Knowledge

AbstractDisaster Medicine is a relatively new multidisciplinary field of science with clear public health implications as it focuses on improving outcomes for populations rather than for individual patients. As with any other scientific discipline, the goal of public health and disaster research is to create new knowledge and transfer evidence-based data to improve public health. The phrase “lessons learned” has crept into the disaster lexicon but must be permanently erased as it has no place in the scientific method. The second edition of Koenig and Schultz’s Disaster Medicine: Comprehensive Principles & Practice adds to the growing knowledge base of this emerging specialty and explains why “lessons learned” should be discarded from the associated vocabulary. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:610–611)

scholarly journals The importance of evidence based education and policy in public health: lessons learned from a repeated pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-6
Author(s):  
Agus Rizal Ardy Hariandy Hamid ◽  
Grace Wangge
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Evidence Based

[No abstract available]

scholarly journals Seeing the quality improvement forest through the quality improvement trees: A meta-synthesis of case studies in Florida and Georgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211984570 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C Livingood ◽  
Lori Bilello ◽  
Katryne Lukens-Bull
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Quality Improvement Intervention ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Healthcare Settings

Objectives: To identify important characteristics of quality improvement applications for population health and healthcare settings and to explore the use of quality improvement as a model for implementing and disseminating evidence-based or best practices. Methods: A meta-synthesis was used to examine published quality improvement case studies. A total of 10 published studies that were conducted in Florida and Georgia were examined and synthesized using meta-synthesis (a qualitative research methodology) for meaningful insights and lessons learned using defined meta-synthesis inclusion criteria. The primary focus of the analysis and synthesis were the reported processes and findings that included responses to structured questioning in addition to emergent results from direct observation and semi-structured open-ended interviewing. Results: The key insights for the use of quality improvement in public health and healthcare settings included (1) the essential importance of data monitoring, analysis, and data-based decision making; (2) the need to focus on internal mutable factors within organizations; (3) the critical role of quality improvement team group dynamics; (4) the value of using a quality improvement collaborative or multi-clinic quality council/committee for sharing and comparing performance on key metrics; and (5) the need to identify a quality improvement approach and methods for clarification as a structured quality improvement intervention. Conclusion: In addition to the advantages of using quality improvement to enhance or improve healthcare and public health services, there is also potential for quality improvement to serve as a model for enhancing the adoption of evidence-based practices within the context of dissemination and implementation research.

scholarly journals The Role of Implementation Science in Advancing Resource Generation for Health Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863292199965
Author(s):  
Temitope Ojo ◽  
Laetitia Kabasele ◽  
Bethanny Boyd ◽  
Scholastica Enechukwu ◽  
Nessa Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Implementation Science ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear the brunt of communicable and non-communicable diseases and experience higher mortality and poor health outcomes compared to resource-rich countries. Chronic resource deficits in LMICs impede their ability to successfully address vexing health issues. Implementation science provides researchers with an approach to develop specific interventions that can generate and/or maximize resources to facilitate the implementation of other public health interventions, in resource-constrained LMIC settings. Resources generated from these interventions could be in the form of increased health workers’ skills, task shifting to free up higher-skilled health workers, increasing laboratory capacity, and using supply chain innovations to make medications available. Pivotal to the success of such interventions is ensuring feasibility in the LMIC context. We selected and appraised three case studies of evidence-based resource-generating health interventions based in LMICs (Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Madagascar), which generated or maximized resources to facilitate ongoing health services. We used a determinant implementation framework—Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to identify and map contextual factors that are reported to influence implementation feasibility in an LMIC setting. Contextual factors influencing the feasibility of these interventions included leadership engagement, local capacity building and readiness for research and implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs), infrastructural support for multilevel scale-up, and cultural and contextual adaptations. These factors highlight the importance of utilizing implementation science frameworks to evaluate, guide, and execute feasible public health interventions and projects in resource-limited settings. Within LMICs, we recommend EBPs incorporate feasible resource-generating components in health interventions to ensure improved and sustained optimal health outcomes.

What tourist business managers must learn from disaster research

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Drabek, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Disaster Research ◽  
Science Knowledge ◽  
Social Science Knowledge ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Survival Potential

Death and social disruption caused by disasters of varying forms will continue to increase in the future. So too will the impacts on tourism, now one of the fastest growing and largest sectors of the worldwide economy. Tourist business managers must implement evidence-based preparedness activities to enhance the survival potential and future profitability of their firms. Drawing upon recent research studies of the tourist industry during times of crisis and the broad social science knowledge base regarding human responses to disaster, seven key lessons are described. Emergency managers must facilitate the incorporation of these lessons into the culture of tourist business managers.

scholarly journals Developing and Using theGuide to Community Preventive Services: Lessons Learned About Evidence-Based Public Health

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Briss ◽  
Ross C. Brownson ◽  
Jonathan E. Fielding ◽  
Stephanie Zaza
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Preventive Services ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Evidence Based

scholarly journals Healthcare systems strategies to manage pandemics transition phases: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Cascini ◽  
I Hoxhaj ◽  
D Zaçe ◽  
M Ferranti ◽  
W Ricciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systems Management ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Pertinent Data

Abstract Background Several countries facing the COVID-19 pandemic were not prepared to manage it. Public health mitigation strategies, ranging from isolation of infected cases to implementation of national lockdowns, proved their effectiveness for the outbreaks control. However, the adjustment of public health measures is crucial during transition phases to avoid new outbreaks. To address the need for designing evidence-based strategies, we performed a systematic review, identifying healthcare systems approaches, experiences and recommendations used to manage COVID-19 and other epidemics. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane were searched to retrieve eligible studies of any study design, published in English until April 17th, 2020. Double-blinded screening process was conducted by titles/abstracts and subsequently eligible full-texts were read and pertinent data were extracted. We performed a narrative analysis of each implemented strategy. Results We included a total of 24 articles addressing the public health strategies implemented for respiratory viral infections outbreaks as COVID-19, influenza A H1N1, MERS and SARS. The identified strategies are ascribable to two main categories: healthcare systems management at a national level and healthcare providers strategies at a local level. The key components of the transition strategies regarded the implementation of evidence-based contextual policies, intrahospital management approaches, community healthcare facilities, non-pharmaceutical interventions, enhanced surveillance, workplace preventive measures, mental health interventions and communication plans. Conclusions The identified healthcare systems strategies applied worldwide to face epidemics or pandemics, are a useful knowledge base to inform decision-makers about control measures to be used in the transition phases of COVID-19 and beyond. Key messages Healthcare systems strategies that can be implemented to manage pandemics/epidemics transition phases are a useful knowledge base to inform policy makers about the most effective solutions to adopt. The evidence reporting the healthcare systems management of respiratory viruses epidemics/pandemics, show the lack of a common and shared approach and more evidence-based research is needed.

Genetics

2013 ◽  
pp. 232-243
Author(s):  
Alison Stewart ◽  
Hilary Burton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Almost All

After studying this chapter you should be able to appreciate that genes are important determinants of health and that almost all disease results from the combined effects of genetic and environmental factors, be aware that new knowledge about the relationships between genetic variants and disease is changing aspects of disease management and prevention, understand the use of genetics in screening programmes and other disease prevention strategies, be able to use a knowledge of genetics within routine public health practice, for example in health needs assessment, health technology assessment, service review and evaluation, be aware of the debate on the ethical, legal and social issues surrounding the use of genetic information in public health and healthcare, and be aware of the potential impact of new technologies that enable rapid and inexpensive sequencing of whole genomes and of the need for critical, evidence-based assessment of new genomic tests and interventions.

scholarly journals A Consensus-based Educational Framework and Competency Set for the Discipline of Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Italo Subbarao ◽  
James M. Lyznicki ◽  
Edbert B. Hsu ◽  
Kristine M. Gebbie ◽  
David Markenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
System Response ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Educational Framework ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTBackground: Various organizations and universities have developed competencies for health professionals and other emergency responders. Little effort has been devoted to the integration of these competencies across health specialties and professions. The American Medical Association Center for Public Health Preparedness and Disaster Response convened an expert working group (EWG) to review extant competencies and achieve consensus on an educational framework and competency set from which educators could devise learning objectives and curricula tailored to fit the needs of all health professionals in a disaster.Methods: The EWG conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and non–peer reviewed published literature. In addition, after-action reports from Hurricane Katrina and relevant publications recommended by EWG members and other subject matter experts were reviewed for congruencies and gaps. Consensus was ensured through a 3-stage Delphi process.Results: The EWG process developed a new educational framework for disaster medicine and public health preparedness based on consensus identification of 7 core learning domains, 19 core competencies, and 73 specific competencies targeted at 3 broad health personnel categories.Conclusions: The competencies can be applied to a wide range of health professionals who are expected to perform at different levels (informed worker/student, practitioner, leader) according to experience, professional role, level of education, or job function. Although these competencies strongly reflect lessons learned following the health system response to Hurricane Katrina, it must be understood that preparedness is a process, and that these competencies must be reviewed continually and refined over time. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:57–68)

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