scholarly journals Creating Community Resilience Through Elder-Led Physical and Social Infrastructure

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Aldrich ◽  
Emi Kyota
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies ◽  
The City

AbstractObjectiveNatural disasters and rapidly aging populations are chronic problems for societies worldwide. We investigated the effects of an intervention in Japan known asIbasho, which embeds elderly residents in vulnerable areas within larger social networks and encourages them to participate in leadership activities. This project sought to deepen the connections of these elderly residents to society and to build elderly leadership and community capacity for future crises.MethodsWe carried out surveys of participants and nonparticipant residents across the city of Ofunato in Tohoku, Japan, 1 year after the intervention began. Our surveys included questions assessing participation levels inIbasho, demographic characteristics, efficacy, social networks, and a sense of belonging.ResultsRegression analysis and propensity score matching of more than 1100 respondents showed that regular participation in theIbashoproject had a statistically significant and positive connection with various measures of social capital.ConclusionsGiven its relatively low cost and focus on deepening cohesion, we suggest that this community-based project could be replicated and scaled up in other countries to deepen resilience, elder health, and social capital. Moving away from an emphasis on investing in physical infrastructure, we believe that disaster risk reduction strategies should center on social infrastructure. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:120–126)

scholarly journals BENTUK-BENTUK TA’AWUN SEBAGI PEMBINAAN JAMAAH TABLIGH MELALUI PENGUATAN MODAL SOSIAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT ISLAM DI KOTA PALU

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-70
Author(s):  
Thalib
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The City

The da'wah movement that has taken a role in the Islamic community in Palu is the Jamaah Tabligh. The form of coaching that has been done is ta'awun (help-help). The coaching is intended to be social capital in developing Muslims. Social capital is intended as an adhesive tool for the community, because it often occurs in Islamic internal conflict communities that will have an impact on external conflicts (among religious believers). The formation of Muslims by the followers of Tablighi clearly brought developments to Muslims, especially in the city of Palu, this development was marked by an increase in the number of halaqah from 2 halaqah (2001) to 12 halaqah (2018), and the development has benefited the community based. at the mosque.

scholarly journals Housing for Aboriginal Youth in the Inner City of Winnipeg

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Brown ◽  
Dilly Knol ◽  
Sonia Prevost-Derbecker ◽  
Kelly Andrushko
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Child Neglect ◽  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
The City

Aboriginal families are highly overrepresented in child welfare caseloads. Major reasons for these high rates of involvement include poverty and housing issues, which contribute to perceptions of child neglect. In Winnipeg, the city with the highest proportion of Aboriginal peoples in Canada, low-cost housing is concentrated in core neighbourhoods. Homeless youth in these neighbourhoods, who are involved or have been involved in child welfare, were asked about their life experiences and the kind of housing that would help them. They talked about the need to be seen as resourceful, contributing members of the community, as well as their continued need of support from others, including friends and family. They wanted more than a place to sleep; they wanted a home that was safe, nurturing and long-term. The youth had school and work aspirations for themselves and wanted to help other youth reach their goals. There is a need for expansion of community-based and community-driven housing with youth who have been involved in the child welfare system.

scholarly journals The analysis of factors that effect business development and income of MSMEs in Denpasar city

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.B. Hendra Prawira D. ◽  
Heny Urmila Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Capital Ownership ◽  
The City

The population in this study were all MSMEs players in the city of Denpasar, amounting to 30,840 MSMEs and the number of samples used as many as 100 MSME actors with a method of determining stratified proportional sampling. The data analysis technique used is path analysis. The results of the analysis show that: 1) capital, labor, and social capital have a positive and significant effect on the development of MSMEs in Denpasar City. This means that the availability of capital, the working hours of MSME actors and the application of the three dimensions of social capital namely trust, social norms, and social networks are very influential on the development of the MSME business sector. 2) Capital, labor, social capital, and business development have a positive and significant effect on the income of SMEs in Denpasar City. This means that capital ownership, labor, social capital and the development of MSMEs will have a positive and significant impact on increasing the income of MSME players. 3) Business development is a variable that mediates the influence of capital, labor and social capital on the income of SMEs in Denpasar City.

scholarly journals Community Informatics and Sustainability: Why Social Capital Matters

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn E Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Trust And Reciprocity ◽  
Awareness Raising

This paper adopts a holistic approach to explain why social capital matters for effective implementation, widespread uptake, greater social inclusion, and the sustainability of CI initiatives. It describes a theoretical framework drawn from diffusion of innovation, community development and social capital theories. The framework emphasises the interplay between physical infrastructure (including hard technologies and their location in the community), soft technologies (including capacity building, education, training and awareness raising), social infrastructure (including local networks and community organisations) and social capital (including trust and reciprocity, strong sense of community, shared vision, and outcomes from participation in local and external networks).

scholarly journals A Community-Based Workshop on Addressing Dementia-Related Stigma: First Insights From a Rural Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 876-876
Author(s):  
Juanita Bacsu ◽  
Marc Viger ◽  
Shanthi Johnson ◽  
Megan O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies ◽  
Different Cultures

Abstract Dementia-related stigma can delay early dementia diagnosis and lead to social isolation, depression, and suicide. Despite this knowledge, few studies identify strategies to reduce dementia-related stigma. This late-breaker poster begins to address this gap by showcasing the educational components of a community-based workshop to share study findings on reducing dementia-related stigma in rural communities. Guided by solutions-focused theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 seniors including family members, friends, caregivers and people affected by dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment in rural Saskatchewan, Canada. A focus group was conducted with 7 rural community leaders. The interview and focus group transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Based on the interview and focus group findings, educational components of the workshop included: a dementia definition, different dementia types, warning signs/symptoms, risk reduction strategies, and information on dementia-related stigma and myths. Several strategies to reduce stigma were identified ranging from hosting inter-generational programs to inviting guest speakers with dementia. This study was found to be beneficial for improving knowledge, attitudes, comfort levels, and awareness of dementia. Additional research is needed to develop, implement, and evaluate interventions to reduce dementia-related stigma in different cultures and contexts.

Social Capital and Collective Action in Rural Tourism

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doohyun Hwang ◽  
William P. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Community Leader ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Face To Face

This study extends social capital to specific types of personal relationships that encourage residents’ collective action for rural tourism development. Two communities in South Korea were examined using face-to-face interviews with community leaders, and a structured questionnaire with residents. Five hypotheses that frame tourism development as a coordinated effort of social networks were identified. Findings indicate that the quality of one’s social networks are relevant to the propensity to participate in tourism development. The closer one’s relationship to a community leader of tourism development, the more likely they are to be part of community-based efforts for tourism development. In addition, compared to individualized personal ties among residents, already existing social organizations were critical to enhance collective action of residents. An implication for increased participation in tourism development is for community leaders to reach out and learn from residents who are isolated or less central within community leadership networks.

Social Capital and Natural Hazards Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Aldrich ◽  
Michelle A. Meyer ◽  
Courtney M. Page-Tan
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

The impact of disasters continues to grow in the early 21st century, as extreme weather events become more frequent and population density in vulnerable coastal and inland cities increases. Against this backdrop of risk, decision-makers persist in focusing primarily on structural measures to reduce losses centered on physical infrastructure such as berms, seawalls, retrofitted buildings, and levees. Yet a growing body of research emphasizes that strengthening social infrastructure, not just physical infrastructure, serves as a cost-effective way to improve the ability of communities to withstand and rebound from disasters. Three distinct kinds of social connections, including bonding, bridging, and linking social ties, support resilience through increasing the provision of emergency information, mutual aid, and collective action within communities to address natural hazards before, during, and after disaster events. Investing in social capital fosters community resilience that transcends natural hazards and positively affects collective governance and community health. Social capital has a long history in social science research and scholarship, particularly in how it has grown within various disciplines. Broadly, the term describes how social ties generate norms of reciprocity and trust, allow collective action, build solidarity, and foster information and resource flows among people. From education to crime, social capital has been shown to have positive impacts on individual and community outcomes, and research in natural hazards has similarly shown positive outcomes for individual and community resilience. Social capital also can foster negative outcomes, including exclusionary practices, corruption, and increased inequality. Understanding which types of social capital are most useful for increasing resilience is important to move the natural hazards field forward. Many questions about social capital and natural hazards remain, at best, partially answered. Do different types of social capital matter at different stages of disaster—e.g., mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery? How do social capital’s effects vary across cultural contexts and stratified groups? What measures of social capital are available to practitioners and scholars? What actions are available to decision-makers seeking to invest in the social infrastructure of communities vulnerable to natural hazards? Which programs and interventions have shown merit through field tests? What outcomes can decision-makers anticipate with these investments? Where can scholars find data sets on resilience and social capital? The current state of knowledge about social capital in disaster resilience provides guidance about supporting communities toward more resilience.

Linking Risk Reduction and Community Resilience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjung Ji
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Adaptive Resilience ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Risk reduction is a policy priority in governments at all levels. Building community resilience is one of the keys to reducing disaster risks. Resilience-focused risk reduction considers the wider social, political, and cultural environments of a community and emphasizes the importance of working with community members. This is in stark contrast to the previous vulnerability-focused risk management that treats disasters as unavoidable natural events and recognizes people as passive or helpless under the unavoidable disasters. Community resilience is a critical concept in identifying visions and directions for risk reduction strategies. Community resilience has two major qualities: inherent community conditions (inherent resilience) and the community’s adaptive capacity (adaptive resilience). There are at least four components that should be included in risk reduction strategies to enhance both inherent and adaptive community resilience: risk governance, community-based risk reduction policies, non-governmental disaster entrepreneurs, and people-centered risk reduction measures. Risk governance is required to bridge the gap between national policies and local practices, scientific knowledge of natural hazards and locally accumulated knowledge, and national assistance and local actions. Community-based risk reduction policies should complement national disaster policies to reflect locally specific patterns of hazard, exposure, and resilience that are otherwise ignored in policy design process at the international and national levels. Risk reduction strategies should also encourage emergence of non-governmental entrepreneurs who can contribute to the speed and success of community relief and recovery following a disaster by resolving the immediate needs of the affected communities and transitioning people toward autonomy and self-reliance. Finally, risk reduction strategies should include people-centered policy measures that are designed to change the awareness, attitudes, and behaviors of people so that they are more prepared when facing a disaster.

scholarly journals Sex workers are returning to work and require enhanced support in the face of COVID-19: results from a longitudinal analysis of online sex work activity and a content analysis of safer sex work guidelines

Sexual Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denton Callander ◽  
Étienne Meunier ◽  
Ryan DeVeau ◽  
Christian Grov ◽  
Basil Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Sex workers confront unique challenges in the face of COVID-19. Data from an international sex work website popular with cisgender men and transgender men and women suggest that, after a period of physical distancing, many sex workers are returning to in-person work: from May to August 2020, active sex work profiles increased 9.4% (P < 0.001) and newly created profiles increased by 35.6% (P < 0.001). Analysis of sex work and COVID-19 guidelines published by five community-based organisations found that they focused on altering sexual practices, enhancing hygiene and pivoting to virtual work. To capitalise on these guidelines, funding and research for implementation and evaluation are needed to support COVID-19 risk reduction strategies for sex workers.

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