Studying Policy Changes in Disaster Management in India: A Tale of Two Cyclones

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayan Jha ◽  
Rivu Basu ◽  
Atreyee Basu
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Key Steps

AbstractObjectiveThe mainstay of India’s disaster management policy until the early 2000s had been relief and rescue operations. The Odisha Super Cyclone (1999) with 10,000 deaths and US $3 billion economic damage provided a rude awakening. Recognizing the importance of preemptive preparedness, the government initiated systematic steps to implement a national framework interlinking economic, environmental, and overall developmental issues for efficient response to and mitigation of disasters.MethodsWe attempted a critical analysis of this paradigm shift in India’s disaster management policy through the prism of 2 cyclones, 14 years apart in time.ResultsWith improved preparedness and response measures, the death toll in 2013 Cyclone Phailin was 0.5% and the economic loss was about one-third of that during 1999. Concomitant improvements in the technological expertise of the early warning system, an integrated approach at all levels of administration including joint planning with major nongovernmental organizations, and improved community participation were identified as game-changers. An unbelievable 1 million people were evacuated to safety.ConclusionsOur essay aims to highlight key steps in this success and calls for futuristic approaches like insurance programs and gender-sensitive recovery plans. With thorough scrutiny, India’s model may well stand to be replicated in resource-restricted settings. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:42-46)

scholarly journals Juridical review of disaster management policy in ASEAN and the correlation with the domestic management system of disaster in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Delfiyanti ◽  
Magdariza
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Management System ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Potential Disaster ◽  
Disaster Management System

Southeast Asia was in a natural disaster thus the management was supposed to be a priority to the existing states in this territory. It is the most vulnerable to disaster in the world. By then, the member states of ASEAN agree to issue the regulation for disaster management, ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) that in forwarding established ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre). It is facilitating cooperation and coordination for disaster management in the ASEAN territory. The organization was established in Indonesia as a member state with potential disaster. To reinforce the regulation and disaster management system, the government issues Act No.24 of 2007 on disaster management as the base and manual. The policy refers to the activities implemented immediately for an accident in control arising worst impact, involving rescue and evacuation of the victim, properties, compliance of demand, shelter, refugees handling, and facilities-infrastructure restoration. Moreover, the Act regulating disaster mitigation-based layout system set in an attempt to improve safety and living comfort.

Community-based Disaster Management and Its Salient Features: A Policy Approach to People-centred Risk Reduction in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
M. Salim Uddin ◽  
Sabrina Zaman ◽  
Mirza Ali Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Government

The discourse of disaster management has undergone significant change in recent years, shifting from relief and response to disaster risk reduction (DRR) and community-based management. Organisations and vulnerable countries engaged in DRR have moved from a reactive, top-down mode to proactive, community-focused disaster management. In this article, we focus on how national disaster management policy initiatives in Bangladesh are implementing community-based approaches at the local level and developing cross-scale partnerships to reduce disaster risk and vulnerability, thus enhancing community resilience to disasters. We relied chiefly on secondary data, employing content analysis for reviewing documents, which were supplemented by primary data from two coastal communities in Kalapara Upazila in Patuakhali District. Our findings revealed that to address the country’s vulnerabilities to natural disasters, the Government of Bangladesh has developed and implemented numerous national measures and policies over the years with the aim of strengthening community-focused risk reduction, decentralising disaster management, developing cross-scale partnerships and enhancing community resilience. Communities are working together to achieve an all-hazard management goal, accepting ownership to reduce vulnerability and actively participating in risk-reduction strategies at multiple levels. Community-based disaster preparedness activities are playing a critical role in developing their adaptive capacity and resilience to disasters. Further policy and research are required for a closer examination of the dynamics of community-based disaster management, the role of local-level institutions and community organisations in partnerships and resilience building for successful disaster management.

scholarly journals MITIGATION OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IN PANGANDARAN REGENCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadhan Pancasilawan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
The Government

The government has a function to protect its people, including managing the disaster. The function of government in natural disaster management is a function that is expected to be carried out with full commitment. Disaster management is an activity carried out comprehensively and there is a need for active stakeholder involvement. Pangandaran Regency is a disaster-prone area. This article aims to describe the mitigation launched by the Pangandaran Regency government to reduce disaster risk using a Qualitative approach and observation, interview and literature study. Pangandaran Regency has been stretched to get out of the tsunami disaster that had occurred. Even mitigation efforts have been carried out with the involvement of various stakeholders in Pangandaran Regency. With mitigation, disaster risk reduction can be done. Therefore the government should make efforts to overcome disaster risk through the Mitigation Program by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD). The disaster mitigation program consists of two types namely Mitigation with a Structural approach and namely mitigation by focusing on physical development, such as the construction of temporary evacuation sites or the construction of an early warning system (EAS). Then the other form is Non-Structural mitigation which is mitigation carried out in the form of non-physical development, such as disaster education to school children and also to the community through activities carried out by mothers. Disaster training is given to private parties to understand disaster in Pangandaran.Keywords: Disaster, Mitigation, Risk Reduction, Management Disaster, Pangandaran  

scholarly journals Human Response to Flood Disaster in Kandawalai in Kilinochchi District in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Yogachchandiran Yushanthi ◽  
K.W.G. Rekha Nianthi K.W.G. Rekha Nianthi
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Human Response ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government

The flood is one of the extreme weather events in the world. In Sri Lanka, it is a major natural disaster and mainly occurs in the South-West and the North-East monsoon seasons. The human response strategies are explained in the concepts of disaster management cycle in PRE and POST stages. People do not satisfactorily respond during these stages in the study area. There have been no systematic studies conducted on how people are responding before, during, and after the flood in Kandawalai. The main objective of this study was to examine the human responses in PRE flood situations (mitigation and preparedness). This study selected three GN divisions. Questionnaires, surveys, and interviews were carried out to collect primary data and information. The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. Some preparedness and mitigations were undertaken by the Disaster Management Centre (DMC) in Kilinochchi during the PRE flood stage. The community has been using very simple mitigations for minimizing floods. Only 43% of them participated in the awareness programs on how to evacuate the flood areas and how to react to the early warning system. 57% of respondents mentioned that the flood impact can be reduced through better structural mitigation strategies. 10% of the respondents recommended controlling the illegal activities of sewage disposal and soil mining in the Kanakarayan River. The PRE-flood activities should be considered by relevant stakeholders together with the community participation, but the government has the main responsible to mitigate the impacts of floods in this particular area.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on Awareness of Disaster Management among Students and Staff of Various Colleges / Schools (With Special Reference to Madurai City)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
A Margaret Divya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
The World ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Government

Disaster Management is recently popular in India amid Covid-19 at present. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has been constituted under the Disaster Management Act 2005, with the Prime Minister of India as its Chairman. The Government urged the importance of disaster management strongly and advised all the Academic Staff Colleges to conduct a Refresher Course on disaster management. In this context, it is a need of the hour to analyze the awareness about natural disasters and its management among the teachers and students of higher education. All the world governments are concerned about natural disasters such as Tsunami, Earthquake, Floods, Volcanic eruptions, and strong winds. In 1989, the United Nations General Assembly declared the decade 1990-2000 as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction to reduce the loss of lives and property and restrict socio-economic damage through concerted international actions, especially in developing countries. With the alarming rise in natural disasters and vulnerability, the world community is strengthening its efforts to cope. A questionnaire was administered among the College and School teachers and students, and their answers were analyzed and computed. This study shows that awareness about disaster management should be improved among the teachers and students of higher education. It also reveals that both the students and staff should be given in-service training in general awareness, activities, and administration related to disaster management.

Crisis Management Policy of Natural Disaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
Aris Sarjito
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Indonesia is the country that has the most active volcanoes in the entire world. The Eurasian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Indo-Australian Plate are three active tectonic plates that cause collision zones to form these volcanoes. Indonesia is estimated to have 129 volcanoes, all of which are carefully monitored by the Centre for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation. This is done because several volcanoes in Indonesia continue to show activity. Moreover, it is estimated that more than five million people live in the "danger zone" of a volcano where they must be immediately evacuated if the mountain shows significant upward activity (Indonesia-Investment, 2019). However, efforts to reduce the risk of natural hazards remain largely uncoordinated in different types of hazards and do not necessarily focus on areas with the highest disaster risk. This paper uses a descriptive qualitative approach as the main writing approach and uses crisis management theory by Rosenthal, that crisis management involves efforts: (1) to prevent a crisis from occurring; (2) to prepare better protection against the impact of crisis agents; (3) to make effective responses to the actual crisis; and (4) to provide plans and resources for post-crisis recovery and rehabilitation. The results of this study are: (1) to accelerate forest recovery, the government can engage the community with security and welfare approach; (2) natural disaster management is the main responsibility of the government; (3) In crises due to natural disasters, form a team that is responsive to critical situations. This team was formed by involving government agencies, community leaders, and NGOs; and (4) to increase the government's capacity to reduce the impact of natural disasters, assessment of potential damage, the establishment of an early warning system, and the improvement of disaster-resistant capabilities are needed. Keywords: Crisis Management; Natural Disaster; Policy.

scholarly journals Policy Implementation in Realizing the Effectiveness of Disaster Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Jusman Iskandar ◽  
Ummu Salamah ◽  
Nonah Patonah
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Undesirable Event ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Work Units ◽  
The Government ◽  
Regional Work

A natural disaster is an undesirable event and it can happen anytime. The government should be present to decrease the consequences of natural disaster, so it is necessary to make public policy and coordination between government agencies to handle a natural disaster. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the implementation of disaster management policy towards coordination between regional work units in realizing the effectiveness of disaster management. The research methodology used is a quantitative method with path analysis technique. The research was conducted in Regional Disaster Relief Agency of Garut District (Indonesia) with 73 respondents. The results showed that the disaster management policy has a positive and significant effect on the coordination between regional work units in realizing the effectiveness of disaster management. The research finding showed that the good implementation of policy can be performed through improving coordination between Regional Work Units to realize the effectiveness of disaster management.  

scholarly journals Economic Losses Associated with COVID-19 Deaths in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy Quast ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Sean Gregory ◽  
Eric A. Storch
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
A Value ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Individual Choices

AbstractIn addition to the overwhelming health effects of COVID-19, the disease has inflicted unprecedented economic damage. Vast resources have been directed at COVID-19 testing and health care while economic activity has been substantially curtailed due to disruptions resulting from individual choices and government policies. This study estimates the economic loss associated with COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. from February 1, 2020 through July 11, 2020. We use estimates of years of life lost that are based on the age and gender of decedents. Using a value of life year estimate of $66,759, we calculate economic losses of roughly $66 billion. The losses are concentrated in New York and New Jersey, which account for 17.5% of the total losses. Our analysis of per capita losses by state indicates that the highest values are located in the northeastern region of the country, while the values in the western states are relatively low. While economic losses associate with COVID-19 deaths is just one aspect of the pandemic, our estimates can provide context to the value of prevention and mitigation efforts.JEL codesI12, I18, J17

scholarly journals Collaborative Governace in Post Earthquake Disaster Management on The Western Island of Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Sri Wahananing Dyah ◽  
Eko Prasojo
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Government ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Donor Agencies

The geographical conditions of Indonesia which are on the Pacific Ring of Fire and are crossed by three world plates, the Eurasian plate, the Indo-Australian plate and the Pacific plate make Indonesia the most disaster-prone country, especially earthquakes. The large number of population in Indonesia contributes to the risk of life and social loss, physical loss, and economic loss. Based on this, the government seems to need more attention to disaster management efforts, which are multidimensional. On the other hand, disaster management in Indonesia have not yet become a national strategic issue and development goals so that resulting in disaster management in Indonesia are still not optimal due to the collaborative management processes that are not comprehensive and sustainable between the various levels of actors involved.The purpose of this study is to analyze collaborative governance in the prevention of earthquake reconstruction rehabilitation in the Western Island of Java. This study uses a post positivism approach with qualitative research methods through in-depth interviews and documentation studies.The results of this study indicate that it is needed: the objectives in post earthquake disaste management must consider providing solutions that can reach ordinary people, community independence and participation, human resources, technology, finance and legal as well as derivative rules, leader support, and collaboration between governments, non-governmental institutions, private sector, donor agencies, international agencies, universities and the community

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA MELALUI PROGRAM SMART DI KELURAHAN SISIR KOTA BATU

REFORMASI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Dody Setyawan ◽  
M. Okto Adithama ◽  
Firda Mariana AM
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Edward Iii ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
The Government

Abstract : Indonesia is one of countries that most vulnerable to disaster in the world. The high rank of Indonesia is calculated from the number of people who are at risk of losing their lives due to the disaster. To reduce this, a disaster management policy is needed, namely through Program Sisir Siaga Mandiri Relawan Tangguh (SMART). The SMART program is a synchronization between the Tangguh and Siaga Villages which are two community institutions based on community service. This study aimed to describe the implementation of disaster management policies through the SMART program in Kelurahan Sisir, Kecamatan Batu District, Batu. This study used a qualitative method with the data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. To determine the informant, it used a purposive sampling technique. While the data analysis involved data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The validity test was done by triangulation techniques. The results of the study showed that the implementation of disaster management policies through the SMART Program in Sisir Village was categorized as effective. It can be seen from the George C Edward III Policy Implementation Model which included communication, resources, dispositions or attitudes, and bureaucratic structures. The supporting factors were the existence of support from the community and BPBD, as well as cooperation with related agencies. While the inhibiting factors were the lack of synergy between the government and the community, and the lack of personnel and supporting equipment at the time of evacuation in the field. Keywords: Policy Implementation, Disaster Management, SMART Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang paling rawan terhadap bencana di dunia. Tingginya posisi Indonesia dihitung dari jumlah manusia yang terancam kehilangan nyawa akibat bencana. Untuk mengurangi hal tersebut, maka diperlukan kebijakan penanggulangan bencana yaitu melalui Program Sisir Siaga Mandiri Relawan Tangguh (SMART). Program SMART merupakan sinkronisasi antara Kelurahan Tangguh dan Kelurahan Siaga yang merupakan dua lembaga kemasyarakatan berbasis pada pelayanan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi kebijakan penanggulangan bencana melalui program SMART di Kelurahan Sisir Kecamatan Batu Kota Batu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi dengan teknik penentuan informan menggunakan purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan trianggulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Bencana melalui Program SMART di Kelurahan Sisir dapat dikatakan sudah efektif, dilihat dari Model Implementasi Kebijakan George C Edward III yaitu meliputi komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi atau sikap, dan struktur birokrasi. Faktor pendukungnya yaitu adanya dukungan dari masyarakat dan BPBD, serta kerja sama dengan dinas-dinas terkait. Sedangkan Faktor Penghambatnya yaitu kurangnya sinergitas antara pemerintah dan masyarakat, serta kurangnya tenaga relawan dan peralatan pendukung pada saat evakuasi dilapangan. Kata Kunci: Implementasi Kebijakan, Penanggulangan Bencana, SMART

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