Investigating the long-term effects of child labor on household poverty and food insecurity in Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Monica Puoma Lambon-Quayefio ◽  
Nkechi S. Owoo
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Econometric Technique

Abstract This paper explores the extent to which child labor perpetuates the cycle of household poverty, as well as food insecurity using the sixth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey. The study employs a counterfactual framework and an endogenous treatment effect econometric technique to accurately examine the causal link between child labor and long-term household poverty and food security. Results suggest a positive relationship between early paid work and long-term poverty and food insecurity. This finding provides empirical evidence to indicate that child labor has the potential to create and perpetuate poverty traps. From a policy perspective, findings from this study also contribute to the modern policy debates surrounding the achievement of the sustainable development goals on reducing poverty and hunger in developing countries.

scholarly journals Mapping Smallholder Maize Farms Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 Data in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Zinhle Mashaba-Munghemezulu ◽  
George Johannes Chirima ◽  
Cilence Munghemezulu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Development Goals

Reducing food insecurity in developing countries is one of the crucial targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Smallholder farmers play a crucial role in combating food insecurity. However, local planning agencies and governments do not have adequate spatial information on smallholder farmers, and this affects the monitoring of the SDGs. This study utilized Sentinel-1 multi-temporal data to develop a framework for mapping smallholder maize farms and to estimate maize production area as a parameter for supporting the SDGs. We used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to pixel fuse the multi-temporal data to only three components for each polarization (vertical transmit and vertical receive (VV), vertical transmit and horizontal receive (VH), and VV/VH), which explained more than 70% of the information. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (Xgboost) algorithms were used at model-level feature fusion to classify the data. The results show that the adopted strategy of two-stage image fusion was sufficient to map the distribution and estimate production areas for smallholder farms. An overall accuracy of more than 90% for both SVM and Xgboost algorithms was achieved. There was a 3% difference in production area estimation observed between the two algorithms. This framework can be used to generate spatial agricultural information in areas where agricultural survey data are limited and for areas that are affected by cloud coverage. We recommend the use of Sentinel-1 multi-temporal data in conjunction with machine learning algorithms to map smallholder maize farms to support the SDGs.

scholarly journals Rural Tourism within the Sustainable Development Goals: the Case of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Hanna Shevchenko ◽  
Mykola Petrushenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Green Tourism ◽  
Development Goals

Research background: rural tourism is an economic and environmental activity that fits harmoniously into the concept of sustainable and inclusive development. In Ukraine, it is called rural green tourism, but in practice not all aspects of it can meet the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Purpose of the article: to analyze the relationship between the structures of the rural tourism goals and the SDGs, to demonstrate the evolution, possibilities of the development on the example of Ukraine’s rural tourism, especially in the framework of the European Green Deal. Methods: factor analysis – when studying the structure of the rural tourism goals and the factors that affect it, as well as when comparing it with the structure of other sustainable activities; elements of graph theory – in the graphical analysis of the Sustainable Development Goals decomposition in their projection into the plane of rural tourism. Findings & Value added: the structure of the rural green tourism goals in Ukraine have been harmonized with the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Sustainability factors have been identified that allow the tourism and recreation sphere in the medium and long term perspective not only to form a competitive market for relevant services, but also to serve as an important component of the inclusive development. Factors of tourism sphere transformation due to the coronavirus pandemic are taken into consideration. The concept of the phased programming in sphere of rural tourism in Ukraine within the framework of the European Green Deal 2030 and 2050 has been improved.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Food Insecurity Dynamics in the Rural Limpopo Province of South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1(J)) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Abiodun Olusola Omotayo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Household Heads

In the developing nations of the world, poor gross domestic product growth has shown serious vacuum to be filled in order to achieve the sustainable development goals. In that regard, this research article intends to contribute to the sustainable development goals of the United Nation’s goal by explaining the rural food insecurity in the light of climate change dynamic in some selected rural communities of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The data employed in the study were collected from 120 randomly selected rural household heads. Data were analysed with descriptive (frequency, mean etc.) and inferential statistics (Principal component Analysis (PCA), Tobit and Probit Regression) which were properly fitted (P<0.05) for the set research objectives. Descriptive results indicate that the average age of the respondents was 52 years with 60% of the household heads being married and a mean household size of 5.The study concluded that there is climate change effect and food insecurity in the study area and therefore recommended among others that the government of South Africa should endeavour to implement a more rural focused food securityclimate change policies in order to relieve the intensity of food insecurity situations among these disadvantaged rural dwellers of the province as well as to entrench a policy of long term development of agriculture. Finally, the study emphasized that the rural farming households should be enlightened through proper extension services to carry out climate change adaptation and mitigation measures in alleviating the food insecurity situation in the rural communities of the province. 

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Sustainable Energy Development: Agendas for Future Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Kevin Lo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Development Agendas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Key Questions

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a massive impact on and may fundamentally change the pathways and trajectories of sustainable energy development. This article examines the impact of COVID-19 on Asia’s sustainable energy development and proposes agendas for future energy research in response to the pandemic. The review and research agendas are oriented towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. The following three key questions need to be addressed by researchers: (1) In what ways does COVID-19 make sustainable energy development more important than ever? (2) What are the short- and long-term effects of COVID-19 on sustainable energy development? (3) How can responses to COVID-19 meet the objectives of sustainable energy development?

scholarly journals Update on the Nutrition Situation in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. S63-S74
Author(s):  
Henrietta Nkechi Ene-Obong ◽  
Yetunde Ezinwanyi Alozie ◽  
Salisu Maiwada Abubakar ◽  
Lilian Chinelo Aburime ◽  
Oluwatosin Olushola Leshi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Child Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
Development Goals

Background: The role of adequate nutrition in national and human development has been recognized; hence nutrition has become one of the global development agenda. This has led to the setting up of global goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Nigeria, with other nations in African have been making efforts towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Aim: This review is aimed at providing update on the nutrition situation in Nigeria with a view to providing recommendations for addressing gaps and barriers that may hinder progress. Materials and methods: Desk review was carried out. Information was obtained from the most recent published national and sub-national surveys, country profiles, reports from ministries and development agencies and individual researches from universities and research institutions. Results: There is limited data to adequately assess the nutrition situation in Nigeria. Despite all the efforts, most of the nutritional indices are below global averages. Nigeria has a stunting rate of 37%, the second highest in the world. Non-communicable diseases are also emerging rapidly as a result of poor intake of foods and dietary components. The high prevalence of malnutrition in all its forms can be attributed to food insecurity, poor infant and young child feeding practices, low socio-economic status, corruption and poor governance, to mention a few. Conclusion: Nigeria is still struggling to meet the 2030 nutrition targets; however, there are opportunities to accelerate progress in tackling malnutrition in all its forms. Keywords: Nutrition situation, malnutrition, dietary intake, food insecurity, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Hidden scars: the impact of violence and the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najat Maalla M’jid
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hidden Scars ◽  
Do So

Abstract More than 1 billion children are exposed to violence every year. The devastating immediate and long-term impact of violence on the mental health of children is well established. Despite commitments made by the international community to end violence against children and support their mental health, there has been a serious lack of investment and capacity to provide quality, rights-based, culturally appropriate mental health care globally. The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic has magnified these challenges. This article outlines how the risk of children experiencing violence has increased and how the pandemic has weakened the capacity of child protection and mental health services to respond. The article argues for child protection, mental health and other core services to be prioritized during and after the pandemic. A failure to do so will undermine the international community’s ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and to fulfil its obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The Sustainable Development Goals and Multilateral Agreements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Underdal ◽  
Rakhyun E. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Governance System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores goal setting, as exemplified by the Sustainable Development Goals, as a governance strategy for reforming or rearranging existing international agreements and organizations so as to enhance their overall performance in promoting sustainable development. It discusses the political and entrepreneurial challenges peculiar to bringing existing international institutions into line, and identifies the conditions under which goal setting could be an effective tool for orchestration. The chapter concludes that, because of their ecumenical diversity and soft priorities, the Sustainable Development Goals are not likely to serve as effective instruments for fostering convergence. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides neither an overarching norm that can serve as a platform for more specific goals nor an integrating vision of what long-term sustainable development in the Anthropocene means. In the absence of such an overarching principle and vision, the impact of the Sustainable Development Goals on global governance will likely materialize primarily as spurring some further clustering of existing regimes and organizations within crowded policy domains. The Sustainable Development Goals cannot be expected to generate major architectural reforms that will significantly reduce the fragmentation of the global governance system at large.

scholarly journals Early nutrition and long-term health: a practical approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Lanigan ◽  
Atul Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Nutrition in early life, a critical period for human development, can have long-term effects on health in adulthood. Supporting evidence comes from epidemiological studies, animal models and experimental interventions in human subjects. The mechanism is proposed to operate through nutritional influences on growth. Substantial evidence now supports the hypothesis that ‘accelerated’ or too fast infant growth increases the propensity to the major components of the metabolic syndrome (glucose intolerance, obesity, raised blood pressure and dyslipidaemia), the clustering of risk factors that predispose to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The association between infant growth and these risk factors is strong, consistent, shows a dose–response effect and is biologically plausible. Moreover, experimental data from prospective randomised controlled trials strongly support a causal link between infant growth and later risk factors for atherosclerosis. Evidence that infant growth affects the development of atherosclerosis therefore suggests that the primary prevention of CVD should begin from as early as the first few months of life. The present review considers this evidence, the underlying mechanisms involved and its implications for public health.

scholarly journals Tackling Zero Hunger: A View from Experts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kennedy ◽  
A Jafari ◽  
K Stamoulis ◽  
K Callens
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
Global Agreement ◽  
Social Safety Nets

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) represent a global agreement on priorities for health, environment, social and economic development (UN, 2016). SDG2 – zero hunger – explicitly addresses food insecurity, malnutrition in all its forms and sustainable agriculture. Countries are pursuing a range of policies and programs to achieve the targets embedded in SDG2. The European Union has invested in 66 countries under the FIRST program (Food Insecurity Impact, Resilience, Sustainability, and Transformation); 24 of the FIRST countries are priorities for EU investments. In 2019, FAO was asked by the EU to conduct a stocktaking exercise for the 24 priority FIRST countries to ascertain, to date, the progress in addressing SDG2. The stocktaking involved four related activities: 1. Country diagnostic reports 2. Literature Review of articles relevant to food security, nutrition, agriculture, social safety nets, gender and political economy 3. Quantitative analyses 4. Key informant interviews. Details on the results of 1, 2 and 3 can be found in a companion publication (Kennedy et al, 2020). The purpose of the key informant interviews was to capture experiential evidence that is often not adequately captured in journal articles. The interviews provided a “boots on the ground” perspective that helped elucidate the challenges at the country level in implementing policies and programs targeting SDG2. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the information provided by thought leaders involved in various aspects of SDG2 in 24 FIRST countries.

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