NET NUTRITION AND THE TRANSITION FROM 19TH CENTURY BOUND TO FREE-LABOR: ASSESSING DIETARY CHANGE WITH DIFFERENCES-IN-DECOMPOSITIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Alan Carson
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
African American ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Net Nutrition ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Better Than

Abstract:Average stature reflects cumulative net nutrition and health during economic development. This study introduces a difference-in-decompositions approach to show that although 19th century African-American cumulative net nutrition was comparable to working class whites, it was made worse-off with the transition to free-labor. Average stature reflects net nutrition over the life-course, and adult blacks born under bound-labor had greater age related statures loss than blacks under free-labor. Agricultural worker's net nutrition was better than workers in other occupations and was better-off under free-labor and industrialization. Within-group stature variation was greater than across-group variation, and white within-group stature variation associated with socioeconomic status was greater than African-Americans.

scholarly journals Changing Institutions, Changing Net Nutrition: A Difference-in-Decompositions Approach to Understanding the U.S. Transition to Free-Labor

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-94
Author(s):  
Scott Alan Carson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Net Nutrition ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Better Than

The body mass index (BMI) reflects current net nutrition and health during economic development. This study introduces a difference-in-decompositions approach to show that although 19th century African American current net nutrition was comparable to working-class Whites, it was made worse-off with the transition to free-labor. BMI reflects net nutrition over the life-course, and like stature, slave children’s BMIs increased more than Whites as they approached entry into the adult slave labor force. Agricultural worker’s net nutrition was better than workers in other occupations but was worse-off under free-labor and industrialization. Within-group BMI variation was greater than across-group variation, and White within-group variation associated with socioeconomic status was greater than African Americans.

Weight as a Measure for the Net Nutritional Transition From Bound to Free Labor: A Difference-in-Decompositions Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 003464462097392
Author(s):  
Scott Alan Carson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Nutritional Transition ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Net Nutrition

A population’s weight conditioned on height reflects its current net nutrition and demonstrates health variation during economic development. This study builds on the use of weight as a measure for current net nutrition and uses a difference-in-decompositions technique as it relates to institutional change to illustrate how Black and White current net nutrition varied with the transition to free-labor. Adult Black age-related weight gain was greater with the transition to free-labor yet was not as large as the adult White age-related weight gain. Agricultural worker’s current net nutrition was better than workers in other occupations, but was worse-off with the transition to free labor. Birth place within the United States had the greatest effect with across and within-group weight changes and the transition to free-labor. Within-group weight variation was greater than across-group variation.

Ancestry, Socioeconomic Status, and Age-Related Cataract in Asians

Ophthalmology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 2169-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chua ◽  
Jia Yu Koh ◽  
Ava Grace Tan ◽  
Wanting Zhao ◽  
Ecosse Lamoureux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals The mediating effect of lifestyles on the association between social factors and DNA methylation

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Maugeri ◽  
M Barchitta ◽  
G Favara ◽  
C La Mastra ◽  
MC La Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Methylation Level ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Educational

Abstract Background Social disadvantage and unhealthy lifestyles may induce molecular changes associated with aging and age-related diseases. For instance, previous studies reported socioeconomic difference in DNA methylation, which in turn led to aberrant gene expression and genome instability. Socioeconomic status (SES) alone, however, does not completely explain this difference, and further studies are needed to unveil what factors contribute to it. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 349 Italian women, aged 25-64 years, to assess SES differences in LINE-1 methylation level - a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation - and to examine the mediating effect of lifestyles (i.e. diet, smoking habits, physical activity, and weight status). Educational level was used as SES indicator. The adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Leukocyte LINE-1 methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro for the SPSS software. Results We first observed that women with high educational level were more likely to be normal weight (p < 0.001) and to adhere to MD (p = 0.018), and less likely to perform physical activity (p = 0.012) than their less educated counterpart. Moreover, age-adjusted linear regression demonstrated that LINE-1 methylation level increased with increasing educational level (β = 0.016; SE = 0.003; p < 0.001). In line, mediation analysis demonstrated an indirect effect of high educational level on LINE-1 methylation through the adherence to MD (β = 0.003; 95%CI=0.001-0.006). Specifically, the mediator could account for 9.5% of the total effect. None of the other lifestyles, instead, exhibited a significant mediating effect. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the mediation of diet in the relationship between SES and DNA methylation. Thus, our findings add even more value to the promotion of healthy dietary habits among social disadvantaged people. Key messages Social disadvantage is associated with epigenetic changes related to aging and age-related diseases. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet might mediate the association between socioeconomic status and DNA methylation.

scholarly journals Age Prediction of Human Based on DNA Methylation by Blood Tissues

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Jiansheng Zhang ◽  
Hongli Fu ◽  
Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Testing Dataset ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Better Than

In recent years, scientists have found a close correlation between DNA methylation and aging in epigenetics. With the in-depth research in the field of DNA methylation, researchers have established a quantitative statistical relationship to predict the individual ages. This work used human blood tissue samples to study the association between age and DNA methylation. We built two predictors based on healthy and disease data, respectively. For the health data, we retrieved a total of 1191 samples from four previous reports. By calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between age and DNA methylation values, 111 age-related CpG sites were selected. Gradient boosting regression was utilized to build the predictive model and obtained the R2 value of 0.86 and MAD of 3.90 years on testing dataset, which were better than other four regression methods as well as Horvath’s results. For the disease data, 354 rheumatoid arthritis samples were retrieved from a previous study. Then, 45 CpG sites were selected to build the predictor and the corresponded MAD and R2 were 3.11 years and 0.89 on the testing dataset respectively, which showed the robustness of our predictor. Our results were better than the ones from other four regression methods. Finally, we also analyzed the twenty-four common CpG sites in both healthy and disease datasets which illustrated the functional relevance of the selected CpG sites.

Metabolic syndrome and socioeconomic status in France: The French Nutrition and Health Survey (ENNS, 2006–2007)

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vernay ◽  
B. Salanave ◽  
C. de Peretti ◽  
C. Druet ◽  
A. Malon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Nutrition And Health

The origins of syncopation in American popular music

Popular Music ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-41
Author(s):  
David Temperley
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Piano Music ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
American Popular Music ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Fourth Position

AbstractThe origins of syncopation in 20th-century American popular music have been a source of controversy. I offer a new account of this historical process. I distinguish between second-position syncopation, an accent on the second quarter of a half-note or quarter-note unit, and fourth-position syncopation, an accent on the fourth quarter of such a unit. Unlike second-position syncopation, fourth-position syncopation tends to have an anticipatory character. In an earlier study I presented evidence suggesting British roots for second-position syncopation. in contrast, fourth-position syncopation – the focus of the current study – seems to have had no presence in published 19th-century vocal music, British or American. It first appears in notation in ragtime songs and piano music at the very end of the 19th century; it was also used in recordings by African-American singers before it was widely notated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document