INTRAHOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION IN MIGRANT-SENDING FAMILIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Mangiavacchi ◽  
Federico Perali ◽  
Luca Piccoli
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Intrahousehold Distribution ◽  
Family Decisions

Abstract:This paper studies the distribution of resources within families with migrant member abroad. We derive a complete collective demand system with individual Engel effects for male and female adults and children, and the respective share of resources. The focus is on migrant-sending families in Albania, where gender and inter-generational inequalities are relevant social issues. The results show that the female share of resources is substantially lower with respect to an equal distribution and do not benefit from father’s migration. Children have a larger share of resources and benefit from their fathers migration, when women maintain control over family decisions and when the proportion of female children is larger (at the detriment of women).

scholarly journals Gender Inequalities Among Adults and Children: Exposure to Migration and the Evolution of Social Norms in Albania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Mangiavacchi ◽  
Luca Piccoli
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Children Exposure ◽  
Consumption Model ◽  
Intrahousehold Distribution

AbstractThis paper studies the distribution of resources within Albanian families in 2012 using a collective consumption model with two alternative specifications: the first enables the estimation of the intrahousehold distribution of resources among male adults, female adults and children; the second extends the analysis to girls and boys. In line with previous evidence on gender inequality in Albania, the results show that the female share of resources is substantially lower with respect to the male share, and that sons receive a larger share of resources than daughters. Considering that Albania experienced massive migration and return of young men in the 20 years before the survey, we further analyze the potential migration-induced transfer of gender norms. We find that the time spent abroad by the husband of the main couple has little influence on woman’s relative position within the households, however it does seem to favor a more equal treatment between daughters and sons. This result suggests that gender norms are more persistent in adult couples, however gender attitudes towards offspring are more elastic to social change.

The Hoopoe and the Child in Old Kingdom Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Kim McCorquodale
Keyword(s):  
Male And Female ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Adults And Children

Hoopoes are highly distinctive birds in Egyptian art. They have been attributed with a special link to children, and it has been claimed that in the Old Kingdom, a naked child who holds a hoopoe is the eldest son and the heir of the deceased. However, a broader examination of all children of the tomb owner and a larger corpus do not support these assertions. Hoopoes are held by both male and female adults as well as both male and female children. They are held by eldest and younger sons in almost equal numbers and in the majority of cases, where a younger son holds a hoopoe, the eldest son is present in the same scene but does not hold a hoopoe. It appears that hoopoes are just attractive birds that are held by both adults and children in much the same way as geese, ducks, pigeons, golden orioles, and other small birds.

scholarly journals Parental Consumption Decisions and Child Health During the Early French Fertility Decline, 1790–1914

1993 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Child Quality ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Intrahousehold Distribution ◽  
And Child Health

This article re-examines the secular improvement in human heights in France. Adult heights reflect consumption as children, so the distribution of resources between children and adults, determined primarily within households, should have influenced heights. The intrahousehold distribution of resources was influenced by the level of income and by the calorie demands of working adults. Results show that the early decline of marital fertility in France was accompanied by a small but significant increase in expenditures on child quality as measured by heights. Reductions in mortality, independent of the level of food intake, also contributed to improved heights.

scholarly journals A Study of Water Resource Management in Urban and Rural Areas of Jabalpur District

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Dileep Kumar Koshta ◽  
Ashu Jain
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

India is rich in natural water resources, but because of the uneven distribution of resources and improper management, the major part of the country suffers from drought almost every year. The present study is based upon the inappropriate management of water resources in the urban and rural area of Jabalpur. The present paper intends to find out the actual condition of management of water resources by the municipal corporation of Jabalpur, whether the citizens of Jabalpur are benefitted through the policies made by the government for the equal distribution of water resources, are the policies adequately implemented and monitored once they are made?The data has been collected from secondary and primary sources, and simple percentage method has been used to analyze the collected data. The outcome of the study reveals that the government is trying to manage the water resource and is concentrated on the equal distribution of water in both urban and rural areas. Many policies have been prepared by the local government, but ineffective monitoring is the leading cause of improper management of water resources.

INDICATIONS FOR EXCRETORY UROGRAPHY IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040
Author(s):  
John Askin ◽  
Thomas Reichelderfer ◽  
Julian Salik ◽  
Jules Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Recurrent Abdominal Pain ◽  
Excretory Urography ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Abdominal Masses ◽  
Female Children

The indications for excretory urography derived from the results of 797 examinations in 656 subjects are presented. Twenty-eight per cent of all urograms performed were abnormal (191 patients). The most important indications for performing this procedure were, in order of frequency, pyuria, recurrent abdominal pain, hematuria and abdominal masses. The results of the study emphasize the importance of urographic examination in both male and female children after the first attack of pyuria, and in children with repeated attacks of unexplained abdominal pain.

scholarly journals Blood metal levels and serum testosterone concentrations in male and female children and adolescents: NHANES 2011–2012

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0224892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Yao ◽  
Ge Zhou ◽  
Meilin Xu ◽  
Jianguo Dai ◽  
Ziwei Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Female Children

Bone mass in male and female children and adolescents with Down syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 2151-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. González-Agüero ◽  
G. Vicente-Rodríguez ◽  
L. A. Moreno ◽  
J. A. Casajús
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Children
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