scholarly journals EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
David de la Croix ◽  
Murat Iyigun
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
World Population ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
22Nd Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The One

According to the United Nations World Population Prospects, Africa is expected to account for more than half of the population growth in the world in the next three decades. And by the turn of the 22nd century, the populations of the poorest 33 African countries will have likely tripled. These demographic developments present challenges and opportunities for sustained growth and economic development in Africa. On the one hand, for example, they make it harder for cities to grow harmoniously, and for governments to fight poverty and inequality, while expanding health and education services. On the other hand, the potential for a demographic transition opens the door to the possibility of reaping the fruits of a demographic dividend, which was so important in the take-off of Europe towards modern growth.

The Future of Water

2019 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Edward B. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Water Security ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
World Population ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Global Management ◽  
Market Signals ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One

This concluding chapter looks at the future of water. There are two possible paths for managing water. First, if the world continues with inadequate governance and institutions, incorrect market signals, and insufficient innovations to improve efficiency and manage competing demands, most chronic water and scarcity problems will continue to worsen. The world will see a future of declining water security, freshwater ecosystem degradation, and increasing disputes and conflicts over remaining water resources. The alternative path to managing water is the one offered by this book. If, in anticipation of the coming decades of increasing water scarcity, humankind is able to develop appropriate governance and institutions for water management, instigate market and policy reforms, and address global management issues, then improved innovation and investments in new water technologies and better protection of freshwater ecosystems should secure sufficient beneficial water use for a growing world population.

The flow of peoples: international migration as a revolutionary force

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Jean Claude Chesnais ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The World

History shows that migration usually moves from areas where population is growing fast to regions where this increase is slower. At present, immigration from poor regions to richer coun tries outstrips emigration from developed countries. A century ago in Europe and now in the poorest countries, migration has relieved tensions bred by declining mortality and accelerating popula tion growth. The map of international migration changes from decade to decade as each country’s demographic transition matures. Although historical migration fl ows still continue, this will not lead to a demographic explosion as fertility rates have declined signifi cantly and aging population increases all over the world. World population is estimated to remain stagnant at around 8 thousand million before it decreases slowly through this century. Thus, migration raises the challenge of a global multiethnic society.

Rapid Population Growth and Long-term Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-177
Author(s):  
Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
The World

This chapter reviews population trends over the last two hundred years and population projections to the end of this century. In 2100 the world population will have stabilized but its geographical distribution will have substantially changed compared to 2015. The chapter then discusses the five stages of the demographic transition, and different neo-Malthusian and non-Malthusian theories of the relation between population growth and economic development. It emphasizes in particular the effects of rapid population growth on land and resource availability, human capital formation, population quality, the accumulation of physical capital, employment, wages, and income inequality. The effects of rapid population growth rate over a given period were found to change in line with the population size and density at the beginning of the period considered.

scholarly journals The world population and its expected future evolution

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Prášilová ◽  
Pavla Hošková
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Smoothing Methods ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Adaptive Procedures ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Population Numbers

Population numbers on Planet Earth grow steadily. The most rapid increase took place over the 20th century when the number of world population rose from 1.6 billion up to 6 billion. Demographic revolution affect the process of changes. The paper has paid attention to the relationship between natality and mortality in various parts of the world. It indicates the differing behaviour in the African countries where the demographic revolution has not been finished so far. Population numbers on the Planet Earth are being forecast for 2050 applying the exponential smoothing methods. The outcomes of statistical procedures are being compared with the UN prognoses and they do not indicate large differences in confidence intervals predictions. The adaptive procedures selected have been found suitable and satisfying for the population numbers forecasting purposes. Most rapidly the population of Africa numbers will grow until 2050, the number of Europeans will cover 7.55 % of the world population only.

scholarly journals Angola - an Oil Dependant Country in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (35) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Boris Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The One ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Essential Problem

Abstract The Sub-Saharan Africa belongs to the most underdeveloped regions in the world economy. This region consists of forty nine countries but it’s world GDP share is only a small percentage. There are some very resource rich countries in this region. One of them is Angola. This former Portuguese colony has one of the largest inventories of oil among all African countries. Angola recorded one of the highest growth of GDP between 2004-2008 from all countries in the world economy and nowadays is the third biggest economy in Sub-Saharan Africa after Nigeria and South Africa. The essential problem of Angola is the one-way oriented economy on oil and general on natural resources. Angola will be forced to change their one-way oriented economy to be more diversified and competitive in the future.

scholarly journals El quinto suyo, peruanos en el extranjero, manifestación demográfica de la globalización

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Jose Escobedo Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

<p class="paragraph-bold">RESUMEN</p><p> En una época como la que vivimos, de la globalización, los  desplazamientos poblacionales a nivel internacional se han potenciado. La mayoría de ellos se concentran en pocos países industrializados. Muchas personas han dejado sus hogares para buscar en otras latitudes mejores condiciones de vida, empleo e ingreso. Aunque no existen estadísticas exactas sobre el número de peruanos viviendo fuera del país, se sabe oficialmente que la migración al extranjero es alta y en los últimos años se ha incrementado notablemente. Según proyecciones hechas sobre las tendencias de emigración de peruanos, se tiene que ésta presenta una tendencia a continuar por la carencia de empleos y/o los sueldos bajos, producto de un modelo neoliberal hegemónico en el mundo que al privilegiar la economía de mercado no tiene en cuenta la población. En el Perú, de la migración interna hemos pasado a la externa. Entre los objetivos que nos hemos trazado para el presente estudio tenemos: <strong><em>a)</em></strong> Determinar la estructura de la población peruana y su potencial a partir del denominado bono demográfico, <strong><em>b)</em></strong> Conocer el volumen de migrantes peruanos y su distribución por países en el extranjero,  y <strong><em>c)</em></strong> Proponer al Estado dar apoyo y seguimiento a la población que ha migrado al extranjero, teniendo en consideración que la población que ha migrado no constituye ningún peligro al país de acogida.</p><p> </p><p class="paragraph"> </p><p align="center"><strong>THE FIFTH <em>SUYO</em>. PERUVIAN PEOPLE ABOARD, A DEMOGRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION OF GLOBALIZATION</strong></p><p class="paragraph"> </p><p class="paragraph"><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p class="paragraph">At a time like the one we live in, globalization, population movements worldwide have been strengthened. Most of them are concentrated in a few industrialized countries. Many people have left their homes to seek elsewhere better living conditions, employment and income. Although there are no exact statistics on the number of Peruvians living abroad, it is officially known that the migration abroad is high and in recent years has increased significantly. According to projections made on trends in migration of Peruvians, they present a tendency to continue by lack of jobs and/or low wages as a result of a hegemonic neoliberal model in the world, which favors the market economy and doesn’t have into account with the population. In Peru, internal migration has moved to the outside. The objectives we have set for this study are: <strong><em>a)</em></strong> determine the structure of the Peruvian population and its potential from the so-called demographic dividend, <strong><em>b)</em></strong> know the volume of Peruvian migrants and their distribution by countries abroad, <strong><em>c)</em></strong> propose to the government the supporting and monitoring of the population who has migrated abroad, taking into consideration that the population who has migrated not constitute any danger to the host country.</p>

scholarly journals Sign Language Generation - A survey of techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 473-476
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Normal People ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
The One ◽  
Generating System

Sign language is a visual language that uses body postures and facial expressions. It is generally used by hearing-impaired people as a source of communication. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 466 million people (5% of the world population) are with hearing and speech impairment. Normal people generally do not understand this sign language and hence there is a communication gap between hearing-impaired and other people. Different phonemic scripts were developed such as HamNoSys notation that describes sign language using symbols. With the development in the field of artificial intelligence, we are now able to overcome the limitations of communication with people using different languages. Sign language translating system is the one that converts sign to text or speech whereas sign language generating system is the one that converts speech or text to sign language. Sign language generating systems were developed so that normal people can use this system to display signs to hearing-impaired people. This survey consists of a comparative study of approaches and techniques that are used to generate sign language. We have discussed general architecture and applications of the sign language generating system.

scholarly journals The Effect of Demographic Transition on Savings, Investment, and Capital Flows

2020 ◽  
Vol 006 (03) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Misnilawaty Sidabutar
Keyword(s):  
Current Account ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Population ◽  
Second Demographic Transition ◽  
Current Account Surplus ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The world population, as well as Indonesia, is aging and this demographic transition influences saving, investment, and capital flows. By looking at data from 1973 to 2017, this paper finds two things. First, the relationship between age groups and saving exhibits the inverted U-shape, but only old dependency impact negatively on investment based on 104 countries’ data. The capital flows represented by current account is deficit in the young dependency, but surplus in the old dependency. Second, demographic transition in Indonesia induced an increase in savings by a higher rate than investment and caused current account surplus in this period.

scholarly journals Preparedness and Response Efforts to Fight against COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Laboratory Facility ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization

In late December the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as global pandemic and needs international concern. As the novel corona virus rages through the world and spreads rapidly Africa is the least-affected continent at the moment. Sub-Saharan Africa is the home of more than one billion populations with fragile health system which is prone for the epidemic to occur. But Ebola experience left many African countries better prepared. We were searching all sources of the website related to preparation and prevention of COVID-19 in sub-Sahara Africa countries. Most African countries have established laboratory facility and implement the recommendations that terminate the outbreak COVID-19.

Post-Consumer Waste

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Ene
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Decision ◽  
World Population ◽  
Irrational Behavior ◽  
The World ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
The One ◽  
Global And Local Optimization ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Actual Society ◽  
Human Rationality

The complexity of purchase decision process goes beyond economic and human rationality boundaries, leading to increased amounts spent inappropriately, including, implicitly, significant quantities of post-consumer waste. Excessive waste of resources, reflected in massive quantities of abandoned goods on the one hand, and on the other - insufficient access to resources for a significant part of the world population - are topical issues that are based on overall irrational behavior of consumers and society, requiring global and local optimization by strategies involving all interested parties. The paper aims to formulate and emphasize actual problems and prospects regarding the rationality of consumer behavior towards waste creating and disposal, trying to answer the following question: given that the actual society is facing a series of irreversible ecological problems, what needs to be done in order to reduce post consumer-waste and to promote environmentally and resources friendly behaviors?

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