THE IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON WOMEN'S PREFERENCES FOR GENDER EQUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM SIERRA LEONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Cannonier ◽  
Naci Mocan
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Women’S Preferences ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
The Impact

Abstract:We use data from Sierra Leone where a substantial education program provided increased access to education for primary-school age children but did not benefit children who were older. We exploit the variation in access to the program generated by date of birth and the variation in resources between various districts of the country. We find that an increase in schooling, triggered by the program, has an impact on women's attitudes toward matters that impact women's health and on attitudes regarding violence against women. An increase in education reduces the number of desired children by women and increases their propensity to use modern contraception and to be tested for AIDS. While education makes women more intolerant of practices that conflict with their well-being, increased education has no impact on men's attitudes toward women's well-being. Thus, it is unclear whether the change in attitudes would translate into behavioral changes. Consistent with this finding, education (on this margin) has no impact on women's propensity to get married, their age at first marriage or age at first birth.

Economics guide global marriage age decisions

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Level ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
The Impact

Subject An overview of the success of policies on raising marriage ages. Significance Human rights campaigns against child marriage in developing countries have become ubiquitous in recent years. However, the global median age at first marriage has already risen significantly, especially for women, from 21.8 in the 1980, to 24.7 in 2000. Demographic trends show widespread delays in age at first marriage across Africa and Asia. Despite this global shift, the root causes of marriage trends in developing countries has been largely overlooked. Policy campaigns focus primarily on a rights-based discourse of girl empowerment, but the choice of marriage age is often determined collectively and in relation to considerations of a family's livelihood. Impacts Delayed entry to marriage improves the health and well-being of women, including improved education rates, and delays in childbearing. Rising marriage age is correlated with fertility declines, which improves child survival and economic growth at the household level. Women who marry later are more productive members of the workforce, improving national economic indicators. The disconnect between demographics and policy discourse wastes aid resources and limits the impact of child marriage prevention campaigns.

Bounding Treatment Effects with Contaminated and Censored Data: Assessing the Impact of Early Childbearing on Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Censored Data ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
First Birth ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEmpirical researchers commonly invoke instrumental variable (IV) assumptions to identify treatment effects. This paper considers what can be learned under two specific violations of those assumptions: contaminated and corrupted data. Either of these violations prevents point identification, but sharp bounds of the treatment effect remain feasible. In an applied example, random miscarriages are an IV for women’s age at first birth. However, the inability to separate random miscarriages from behaviorally induced miscarriages (those caused by smoking and drinking) results in a contaminated sample. Furthermore, censored child outcomes produce a corrupted sample. Despite these limitations, the bounds demonstrate that delaying the age at first birth for the current population of non-black teenage mothers reduces their first-born child’s well-being.

scholarly journals SURVIVAL ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE AGE TO GIVE FIRST BIRTH IN WOMEN IN EAST JAVA USING EXTENDED COX REGRESSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Santi Wulan Purnami ◽  
Fitria Nur Aida ◽  
Sutikno Sutikno ◽  
Diyah Herowati ◽  
Achmad Sjafii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
First Child ◽  
First Time

The age of a woman when giving birth to her first child needs to be a concern because it is related to the safety of the mother and baby. A woman being too young or too old increases the risk of death for both the mother and baby. Every woman giving birth for the first time is likely to experience psychological disorders such as anxiety and excessive fear during labor, and even postpartum depression. Given the importance and possible extent of the consequences of women giving birth for the first time, this study intended to assess the factors that influence the age at first birth, especially amongst women of childbearing age in East Java. These factors include the age at first marriage, education, and region. The method used was the extended Cox regression model. The analysis shows that the age at first marriage and education are factors that significantly influence the age at first birth. The more mature the age at first marriage, the more mature the age at first birth. Likewise, the higher the educational status, the higher the potential for giving birth to a first child over the age of 23, especially amongst women who graduated high school and university.

scholarly journals ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION OF UKRAINIAN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN IN THE PROCESS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Svitlana Hozak ◽  
Olena Yelizarova ◽  
Tetiana Stankevych ◽  
Natalia Diuba ◽  
Alla Parats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
School Age ◽  
Virtual Communication ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The introduction of distance education (DE) challenged all participants in the educational process and it was impacting the well-being of children. The purpose of the study was investigating the impact of different forms of DE on values of anxiety and depression (A&D) in school-age children. Methods. An online survey of 760 respondents was conducted with use RCADS. All respondents signed informed consent. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis (STATISTICA 8.0). The models were adjusted for age and gender of respondents. Results. More than 20% of parents have reported their own and their children's high psychological stress during DE. The adaptation was easier and faster for respondents who were able to organize a virtual communication and got support from teachers. Pathological increase of the level A&D has been detected in 14.4±1.3% of respondents. There were 2.8 times more girls with clinical A&D than boys (p<0.001). The DE formats of "All-Ukrainian online school" and individual learning did not significantly affect the level of A&D in school-age children (p>0.5). DE in the form of tasks in messengers and social networks significantly increased the level A&D (p<0.001), and DE offline increased only the level of Anxiety (p<0.05). Reductions the level A&D have been identified in online lessons with the teacher and the schoolfellows (p<0.001). The chances of increasing the level of anxiety and depression in school-age children grow in 1.8 times when using non-interactive forms of education (OR=1.78; CI 1.17-2.69; p<0.01). Conclusions. Teacher support and online lessons help reduce psychological discomfort during distance education. The surveillance the mental health of children is required during the implementation of various forms of DE.

scholarly journals Migrant Girls in Shenzhen: Gender, Education and the Urbanization of Aspiration

2015 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 320-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Goodburn
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Parental Concerns ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of rural–urban migration on primary school-age migrant girls in China, providing important data on this unexplored group as well as drawing several larger conclusions about the evolving relationship between migration and women's autonomy. Much recent literature has focused on Chinese young unmarried women migrants. However, there has been no attempt to distinguish the effect of migration on children by gender, and little research on the “new generation” of married women migrants. This paper focuses on two aspects of migrant girls' well-being, education and migration satisfaction, and compares girls' assessments with those of their parents, particularly their mothers. It analyses differences between the views of both girls and parents, arguing that specific parental concerns about daughters shape girls' futures in ways that do not apply to migrant boys. A further, broader, implication of this analysis is that certain benefits of migration, previously thought to apply exclusively to single women, extend also to married women, influencing mothers when forming goals for their daughters' futures.

scholarly journals Using the Web for Science in the Classroom: Online Citizen Science Participation in Teaching and Learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathal Doyle ◽  
Rodreck David ◽  
Jane Li ◽  
Markus Luczak-Roesch ◽  
Dayle Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Science ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Primary School Science ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Citizen involvement in scientific projects has become a means of encouraging curiosity and greater understanding of science whilst providing an unprecedented engagement between professional scientists and the general public. In this paper we specifically focus on the impact of online citizen science (OCS) participation in the science education of primary school age children in New Zealand. Methods: We use four exploratory cases within a broader research project to examine the nature and impact of embedding OCS projects that use web-based online crowdsourcing and collaboration tools within classroom environments of primary school science learners.Results &amp; Discussion: Our findings provide insights into primary school teachers’ perception of OCS. They offer initial insights into how teachers embed OCS in a classroom environment, and why this improves science learning aptitudes, inquisitiveness and capabilities in primary school age children. We also notice that successfully embedding OCS projects in education is affected by the project context, how the results are disseminated, and inclusivity in socio-cultural aspects.....................................................................................................................................................................This paper is a preprint of a paper accepted at the 11th ACM Conference on Web Science 2019 (https://websci19.webscience.org/).

scholarly journals “Emociograma” of Perception of Performing Interpretations of Musical Works by Primary School-age Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Tamara A. Barysheva
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Emotional Relationships ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
The Impact

In the article the results of an empirical express-research of features of impact of performing interpretation on the emotional sphere of primary school-age children are analyzed. The main coordinates of emotional experience of music – a modality, sign (valency), semantic space, intensity, dynamics, complexity level (monomodality – polymodality) and contents (intentionality), are considered. For the purpose of comparative analysis of perception results, performing versions of musical works С. Debussy’s Prelude “The wind on the plain” (electronic transcription in the arrangement of E. Artemyev and piano option of B. Lotar-Shevchenko) and Chopin’s Prelude in C major (treatments: R. Kerer and M. Pollini) are used. As a result of the analysis of empirical data, the principal effect of emotional influence of performing interpretation of the work is determined. It consists in the specific organization of emotional relationships, regrouping of emotional signs and estimates, emphasis of creative resources of the child and manifestation of the highest feelings – esthetic, hedonistic, romantic, and intellectual, etc. The model of empirical research, the differentiated structure of emotional relationships, the revealed features of the impact of the musical-performing image on the emotional sphere of junior schoolchildren not only determine the prospects for further research in the psychology of art, but also the possibility of integrating the experience of implementing this model in the process of forming the student competence in the field of music and performing culture and the development of the emotional sphere of children in the system music education.

scholarly journals The Psychological Well-Being of Single Mothers with School age Children : An Exploratory Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-37
Author(s):  
D. D. K. S. Karunanayake ◽  
Mohamed Nazeer Aysha ◽  
N. D. U. Vimukthi
Keyword(s):  
Single Mothers ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The significance of family structure on the well-being of family members is a major concept to be discussed in contemporary society. There is an impact on the overall well-being of the families due to the lack of major relationships. Hence, the major consequences that lead to the sole responsibility of children to mothers differ among locality, culture, language, etc. This study explores the psychological well-being of single mothers in relation to their role in the family, the major concepts that impact the psychological well-being, the impact of parenting, and the modes in which the single mothers cope up with the challenges they encounter. This is a qualitative (exploratory) study conducted with nine participants chosen from a convenient method of sampling located in the Kandy District of the Central Province, Sri Lanka. The sample of the research includes three each of widowed, divorced, and separated mothers. The data is thematically analyzed based on the challenges, the economic well-being, and relationship with the family and the society, the ideologies about the current status, society’s stereotypes, autonomy, the satisfaction to the present life, and their future expectations. The results of the study demonstrated that the responsibility of children, the financial crisis, confronting the society, and lack of emotional dependence to be the major challenges of single motherhood. It further stated that most of them had a strong relationship with their children and the family in comparison to the society, they found themselves to be often treated by stereotypes, and that they preferred autonomy in women. The findings of the study demonstrate that the Government should help them with self-employment, assist in the studies of their children, and conduct certain awareness programs to enhance their lives.

scholarly journals The impact of girl child marriage on the completion of the first cycle of secondary education in Zimbabwe: A propensity score analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252413
Author(s):  
Annah V. Bengesai ◽  
Lateef B. Amusa ◽  
Felix Makonye
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Analysis ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
The Impact

Background The association between girl child marriage and education is widely acknowledged; however, there is no large body of demographic studies from Zimbabwe that have addressed this aspect. This study aimed to examine the extent to which child marriage affects one academic milestone, i.e. completion of the Ordinary Level, the first cycle of high school, which is also the most critical indicator of educational achievement in Zimbabwe. Methods We used the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey and extracted 2380 cases of ever-married women aged between 20–29 years. We applied a propensity score-based method, which allowed us to mimic a hypothetical experiment and estimate outcomes between treated and untreated subjects. Results Our results suggest that child age at first marriage is concentrated between the ages of 15–22, with the typical age at first marriage being 18 years. Both logistic regression and PSM models revealed that early marriage decreased the chances of completing the first cycle of high school. Regression adjustment produced an estimate of prevalence ratio (PR) of 0.446 (95% CI: 0.374–0.532), while PSM resulted in an estimate (PR = 0.381; 95% CI: 0.298–0.488). Conclusion These results have implications for Zimbabwe’s development policy and suggest that girl-child marriage is a significant barrier to educational attainment. If not addressed, the country will most likely fail to meet sustainable development Goal 4.2 and 5.3. Social change interventions that target adults and counter beliefs about adolescent sexuality and prepubescent marriage should be put in place. Moreover, interventions that keep teenage girls in school beyond the first cycle of high school should be prioritised.

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