scholarly journals WHO COMES AND WHY? DETERMINANTS OF IMMIGRANTS SKILL LEVEL IN THE EARLY XXTH CENTURY US

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Covarrubias ◽  
Jeanne Lafortune ◽  
José Tessada
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Costs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract:This paper first elaborates a model of intermediate selection where potential migrants must have both the resources to finance the migration cost (liquidity constraint restriction) and an income gain of migrating (economic incentives restriction). We then test the predictions of the model regarding the impact of output in the sending country and migration costs on average skill level of immigrants to the United States from 1899 to 1932, where immigration was initially unrestricted by law and then highly limited. Our panel of 39 countries includes data on occupations that immigrants had in their country of origin, providing a more accurate skill measure than previously available datasets. We find that migration costs have a negative but skill-neutral effect on quantity of immigrants and an increase in output, measured as GDP per capita, has a positive effect on quantity and a negative effect on average skill level of immigrants, suggesting that the main channel by which changes in output affected the average skill level of migrants in that time period is through the easing or tightening of the liquidity constraints and not through the economic incentives as in previous models. Also, using migrants’ occupation in the United States as a measure of skills would lead to misleading conclusions.

Migration and the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John Cooke ◽  
Ian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dynamics Models

It is widely presumed that information and communication technologies, or ICTs, enable migration in several ways; primarily by reducing the costs of migration. However, a reconsideration of the relationship between ICTs and migration suggests that ICTs may just as well hinder migration; primarily by reducing the costs of not moving.  Using data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics, models that control for sources of observed and unobserved heterogeneity indicate a strong negative effect of ICT use on inter-state migration within the United States. These results help to explain the long-term decline in internal migration within the United States.

scholarly journals Does Emancipation Matter? Fertility of Chinese International Migrants to the United States and Nonmigrants during China’s One-child Policy Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832199478
Author(s):  
Wanli Nie ◽  
Pau Baizan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of international migration to the United States on the level and timing of Chinese migrants’ fertility. We compare Chinese women who did not leave the country (non-migrants) and were subject to restrictive family policies from 1974 to 2015 to those who moved to the United States (migrants) and were, thus, “emancipated” from these policies. We theoretically develop and empirically test the emancipation hypothesis that migrants should have a higher fertility than non-migrants, as well as an earlier timing of childbearing. This emancipation effect is hypothesized to decline across birth cohorts. We use data from the 2000 US census, the 2005 American Community Survey, the 2000 Chinese census, and the 2005 Chinese 1 percent Population Survey and discrete-time event history models to analyze first, second, and third births, and migration as joint processes, to account for selection effects. The results show that Chinese migrants to the United States had substantially higher childbearing probabilities after migration, compared with non-migrants in China, especially for second and third births. Moreover, our analyses indicate that the migration process is selective of migrants with lower fertility. Overall, the results show how international migration from China to the United States can lead to an increase in migrant women’s fertility, accounting for disruption, adaptation, and selection effects. The rapidly increased fertility after migration from China to the United States might have implications on other migration contexts where fertility in the origin country is dropping rapidly while that in the destination country is relatively stable.

scholarly journals The Ties Allowed to Bind: Kinship Legalities and Migration Restriction in the Interwar Americas

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Putnam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Patterns ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Family ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New System

AbstractNew immigration restrictions in the United States and elsewhere in the 1920s and 1930s made legal entry dependent on specific kinship formalities. This article explores the impact of the new system through a study of British Caribbean migrants. Because family patterns and the place of church and state sanction within them varied greatly by class—here, as in many parts of the world—the result was a curtailment of mobility that affected elites very little, and working-class would-be migrants enormously. In order to elucidate de facto patterns of exclusion, the author concludes, historians of transnational labor must begin paying more attention to the work “family” does.

scholarly journals Analysis of Influence Financial Ratios on Sharia Banking Performance in Indonesia (Empirical Study at Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Bank Syariah Mandiri, and Bank Mega Syariah)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Shulhah Nurullaily
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the performance of Sharia Banking in Indonesia after experiencing slowing growth due to the impact of the United States crisis in 2008/2009. Factors used to measure the performance of sharia banking represented by ROA are CAR, NPF, BOPO, NM and FDR. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis with sample of research of Bank Muamalat, Bank Mega Syariah, and Bank Syariah Mandiri with the period of research from the first quarter 2008 to the fourth quarter 2011. The result of this research that is NM and FDR have positive significant effect on ROA, while BOPO has a significant negative effect on ROA, CAR and NPF have no influence on ROA.

scholarly journals The Impact of Intergenerational Mobility on Msa Growth in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Mauro Joseph
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Income Mobility ◽  
Absolute Income ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between economic growth and intergenerational mobility in the United States. Data from metropolitan statistical areas in the U.S. is used to examine how two measures of intergenerational mobility impact growth rates. More precisely, I examine how absolute income mobility and relative income mobility are related the growth rate of real gross metropolitan product (RGMP) from 2001 to 2011. I find that absolute mobility has a positive relationship with RGMP growth over the time period, and that relative mobility exhibits a negative relationship with RGMP. Results are found to be robust to two stage least squares estimation.

scholarly journals Suicides Before, During, and After Daylight Savings Time in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Gary Popoli ◽  
Katelyn Curry
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Public Database ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

This study was designed to investigate differences in the number of suicides committed in the United States before, during, and after daylight savings time (DST). Conflicting results in the literature suggest both a positive and negative effect of DST in the physical, mental, behavioral aspects society. As a result, some states are proposing legislation to abolish DST while others are trying to make DST permanent. This study is designed to investigate whether DST has a positive negative, or no effect on the frequency of suicide. Archival data from a governmental public database containing the total number of suicides by year and month from 2000-2017 was used. Daylight savings time was defined as the months of March through October while non-DST consisted of the remaining 4 months. The data were organized into 3 groups of 4 months beginning in November, 2007 and ending in October, 2017. The results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in suicides during DST. Most suicides were committed during July-October (M = 74.69, SD = 68.86), compared to March-June (M = 73.56, SD = 67.89), and November-February (M = 67.00, SD = 61.41). Despite disagreement in the literature, this study would suggest eliminating DST altogether. These results support other evidence which suggest a detrimental effect of DST, especially with respect to the psychological and behavioral aspects of public health. Nevertheless, there is still a need for more research to determine the impact of these one hour time shifts in the Spring and Fall.

scholarly journals Oligopsony/Oligopoly Power and Factor Market Performance: The Case of U.S. Old Newspapers

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-569
Author(s):  
Aref A. Hervani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Input Markets ◽  
Price Distortions ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper derives price-cost margins for the old newspaper (ONP) input market for newsprint manufacture and then examines the effects of two government policies and two variables measuring the market performances of ONP input and newsprint output on the oligopsonist's ONP price-cost margins. In the wastepaper recycling market in particular, the ONP input market has not been successful in using the ONP generated. The outcomes of the study are that various degrees of price distortions existed in the ONP input markets in four regions of the United States during 1972–1995. Demand-side policy had a positive effect and supply-side policy had a negative effect on ONP price–cost margins in all regions.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT MACROECONOMIC POLICY ON INDONESIA'S FISHERIES EXPORT TO THE UNITED STATES IN 1989-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Akhmad Jayadi ◽  
Tanto Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
The United States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Indonesia is a maritime country that has huge potential in fisheries sector. The average of indonesian fisheries production and export volumes always increase every year. This study aims to analyze the effect of exchange rates, government spending, inflation, interest rates, and sanitation policies to Indonesia fishery export to the United States in 1989-2019. Data were obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, the World Bank, UN COMTRADE, and the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. This study uses the Error Coerrection Model (ECM) method to examine the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable in the long term and short term. This study explains that in the long-term, government spending and exchange rate have positive effect, and interest rates have negative effect on export. In short-term, government spending and exchange rate have positive effect on export. Inflation and sanitation policy do not affect export in the long-term or short-term, while interest rates in the short-term do not affect Indonesian fishery exports. Keywords: Exports, Government Spending, Exchange Rates, Non-Tariff Barriers, Error Correction Model.JEL: F10, F13, C32

scholarly journals Do Derivatives Hinder the Financial Contagion? A Case Study of Developed Countries’ Stock Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Saeed Rasekhi ◽  
Nasim Nabavi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Contagion ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Derivative Instruments ◽  
Copula Method ◽  
Negative Effect

The main purpose of this study is to test the effect of the derivative instruments on financial contagion in developed countries including France, Germany, South Korea, Spain, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, considering the United States as the source of the crisis. Therefore, at first, existence of the contagion in the markets was investigated using the ARMA-GARCH-COPULA method, and then, the effect of the derivative instruments on the contagion for the selected countries was examined during the time period 01: 2007: to 08:2018. The results confirm the negative effect of the derivatives on the contagion.

scholarly journals The The Impact of the Renegotiation of United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) on the Agricultural Exports of Sinaloa State of Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Icela Flores Osuna ◽  
Omar Vargas-González
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The North ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
United States Mexico ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Mexico, like other countries, invested in measures to attract foreign direct investment to its territories. It, therefore, signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, a treaty that facilitated Mexico to be the largest direct exporter to the United States. However, in 2018 the agreement was renegotiated and replaced with United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA). This research is carried out to determine the advantages and disadvantages of renegotiation for Sinaloa's agricultural exports, with the question of whether it would negatively impact the Sinaloa's agricultural exports. Methods: The study focuses on the impact of renegotiation of the NAFTA on agricultural exports of the state of Sinaloa with indicators such as the Exports-Trade, GDP, and GDP Per capita of Mexico, opening to new markets, and logistics. Results: The renegotiation has a direct relationship with agricultural production in Sinaloa, with a serious negative effect, since overproduction would be created if the new destination for exporting from Sinaloa was not quickly available. Implications: This research can be of much use to the main agricultural exporting companies in Sinaloa, government agencies, and the Sinaloa Chambers of Commerce for decision making and policy formulation.

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