“America First” and the Return of Economic Isolationism and Nationalism to the United States: A Historic Turning Point for International Trade Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 223-255
Author(s):  
GENEVIÈVE DUFOUR ◽  
DELPHINE DUCASSE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
History Of

AbstractAmerican trade policy under the Trump administration can be summed up in one expression, “America First,” which the US president himself has repeated many times. Driven by a rejection of multilateralism, the United States has adopted numerous measures designed to maintain or stimulate domestic industry or to tighten economic policies both domestically and towards foreign trading partners. Reflecting isolationist and nationalist economic theories, these measures are the anchor for a return of economic frontiers to the United States. Yet the United States is at the heart of globalization and cannot completely isolate itself without risking an economic meltdown. This is all the more true since it has been the driving force behind the creation of the multilateral trading system since the end of the Second World War. This change of economic vision by one of the world’s greatest powers can only be a turning point in the recent history of international economic relations. As such, one may wonder whether America First and the set of measures adopted in its name also foreshadow a phase of retreat for international trade law or whether, on the contrary, they are an opportunity for reform of an area of the law that has been struggling to evolve for several decades.

scholarly journals Next Steps Might Be Considered by Joe Biden for the Development of International Trade Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1372-1375
Author(s):  
Md. Habib Alam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trade Deals

The United States of America is a part of the globalization of international trade law. The USA is known as a leading global trader among all nations. The President of the USA plays a vital role in the development of international trade law. On 8 November 2016, Donald Trump was elected as president of the United States of America. Donald Trump engaged in different trade deals and policies with different countries and international institutions. The trade deals and policies are withdrawal from TPP, reshaping NAFTA, reforming WTO, and imposing tariffs on foreign goods. On 8 November 2020, CNN commented, Joe Biden will be the next president of the USA. Many scholars expressed different thoughts relating to the reforming international trade law by Joe Biden. The main aim of Joe Biden will be to remove trade barriers and end artificial trade wars with different foreign nations. My research will suggest how Joe Biden may overcome these issues for the betterment of the international trade law around the world.

scholarly journals The Nature of Remedies in International Trade Law

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungjoon Cho
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S

On August 30, 2002, the World Trade Organization (WTO) authorized the European Communities (EC) to suspend its tariff concessions and other obligations toward the United States to the extent of U.S. $4 billion for the latter’s failure to comply with the Appellate Body’s decision that the United States had violated the WTO rules, in particular, the WTO Subsidy Code by providing the prohibited subsidies to foreign sales corporations (FSCs) in the form of tax breaks (the FSC Article 22.6 Report). The sheer scale of the EC’s suspension in response to the U.S. violation is unprecedented, far surpassing the suspensions authorized in two previous cases that invoked the WTO enforcement mechanism, Banana III and Hormones. At first glance, this dramatic finale for such a high-profile case might be welcomed as an impressive revelation of the real achievement of the WTO system equipped with teeth, unlike its predecessor the old GATT.

scholarly journals US-China Economic Confrontation: Ideology, Chronology, Meaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Olegovich Vinogradov ◽  
Alexander Igorevich Salitsky ◽  
Nelli Kimovna Semenova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Trade War

In summer 2018 the United States launched a trade war against China. Before that, there was a chance that both sides would find a compromise, some hopes were still in place during bilaterial negotiations in May. However, new US tariffs on import from China were imposed in July and August with the total of $50 billion. Beijing responded proportionally. September brought another round of US tariffs worth $200 billion. The successful economic growth of China leads to the transformation of the world economic space, where the leading positions are still occupied by the countries of the West. The new US administration, fearing economic competition, announced a policy of containing China. In this case, Washington is going to violate the existing rules of international trade. The tension in the economic relations of the United States and China is growing. The authors look into the history, ideology and details of the conflict between two major powerhouses of the global economy. They try to investigate how both countries will be affected by the emerging trade war, which is also challenging the whole system of international trade regulation. Besides, the conflict between Washington and Beijing is understood as a fundamental shift in the world economy and politics where rising powers take the lead in globalization. For the first time in the history of Sino-American relations economic tensions between the two sides have reached such a scale. Analysis of their consequences far exceeds the standard methods of assessment of trade policy measures.

Iceland, Whaling and the U.S. Pelly Amendment: The International Trade Law Context

1997 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Commercial Whaling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Measures ◽  
The U.S

AbstractIceland, a non-member of the International Whaling Commission, is considering a return to commercial whaling. It is inevitable that should Iceland recommence commercial whaling that the United States, pursuant to the Pelly Amendment, will threaten the imposition of trade measures against Iceland.This contribution examines the impact on all nations, most particularly the whaling nations, of both a U.S. decision not to impose an embargo against Iceland and a U.S. decision to impose an embargo against Iceland. In either scenario whaling nations have good reason to be concerned.

Mexico–United States–China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Dussel Peters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
History Of ◽  
Triangular Relationship ◽  
Chinese Trade ◽  
Relationship Of

Mexico and the United States share a long history of political, military, social, immigration, cultural and economic relations. Mexico has been among the three main trading partners of the US in recent decades, while the US has been the top trading partner of Mexico since statistics have been available. This chapter examines the “new triangular relationship” between the US, Mexico, and China, particularly from a Mexican perspective. With the global reemergence of China since the last decade of the 20th century, the relationship between Mexico and the US has substantially shifted in a variety of ways. The analysis first focuses on the general socioeconomic triangular relationship of Mexico with the US and China, based on a literature review; issues involving Chinese trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), are highlighted, as well as the overall relationship of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) with China. The next section discusses topics concerning this triangular relationship that are currently being analyzed in Mexico, particularly regarding China. The final part of the analysis concentrates on the main characteristics of this “new triangular relationship,” policy questions, and future research issues.

scholarly journals The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement: A Glimpse into The Geoeconomic World Order

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Puig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Era ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
United States Mexico ◽  
Trade Deals

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) differs in a few important ways from prior trade deals signed by the United States but reveals a glimpse of the infrastructure for a new era in international economic governance. This new “Geoeconomic World Order,” will be characterized by great power rivalry between the United States and China, the intense use of protectionist tools to achieve strategic and political goals, and the diminished role of legal adjudication. This approach to trade policy will likely outlast the autocratic and/or nationalistic governments emerging around the world, including the current Trump administration. While international trade law will recover, it will look different in key respects—it will be less multilateral, predictable, justiciable, and enforceable. This more transactional view of international trade law implies a limit on the role of law and an increase in the use of power. It may force a retrenchment of international interdependence and a revival of zones of influence prevalent during the Cold War era.

scholarly journals International Trade Law and Information Policy: A Recent History

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Tung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
Strong Agreement

In September 2008, the United States Trade Representative (USTR) announced the United States’ intention to join Singapore, New Zealand, Brunei, and Chile in what was then called the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement, a preferential trade agreement. Since then, the agreement has grown in scope and ambition. The negotiations to create what is now known as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) have expanded to include seven other nations. The USTR wants the TPP to be “an ambitious, next-generation, Asia-Pacific trade agreement that reflects U.S. economic priorities and values.” According to the USTR's webpage dedicated to the agreement, the administration is “working in close partnership with Congress and with a wide range of stakeholders, in seeking to conclude a strong agreement that addresses the issues that U.S. businesses and workers are facing in the 21st century.”

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