scholarly journals 2564 Designing for dissemination: Characteristics of Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs as adopters of clinical and translational science innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
Elaine H. Morrato ◽  
Lindsay Lennox ◽  
Anne Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Institutional Complexity ◽  
Hub And Spoke ◽  
Institutional Collaboration ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Clinical Innovation ◽  
Using Data

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program is a national consortium of 50+ academic medical research centers charged with accelerating the translation of clinical research. In 2017, the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences anticipates total CTSA program funding of over $500M. The consortium’s hub-and-spoke structure makes it a natural dissemination network, and the newest funding announcement makes dissemination of innovation across the consortium an explicit goal, but characteristics of CTSA hubs as adopters and transmitters of innovation are unknown. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A content analysis was conducted using data from CTSA hub Web sites (n=64) and a structured coding taxonomy based on 6 constructs drawn from literature about diffusion of innovation in service organizations (Greenhalgh et al., 2004): dissemination priority, institutional complexity, communication infrastructure, support for dissemination/implementation functions, cross-institutional collaboration/networking, and leadership composition. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 52% of hubs will renew under the new PAR in the next few years, providing an incentive to demonstrate dissemination capacity (although hubs will likely lag in operationalizing these activities until they are funded). A third of hubs (34%) represent more than one academic/research institution, and almost 80% of hubs have more than one clinical affiliate. To accommodate these different levels of institutional complexity, broad diffusion will require multi-modal, locally adapted dissemination efforts. Only 25% of hubs have capacity to undertake additional dissemination activities, and only 27% provide formal D&I support, suggesting that additional capacity/support will be needed to operationalize the CTSA dissemination mission. In total, 30% of hubs participate in cross-institutional collaboration/networking, so many may not have existing norms/tools supporting inter-institutional collaboration, but 77% include leadership from outside the School of Medicine, facilitating effective intrainstitutional dissemination. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Understanding more about CTSA hubs as both adopters and transmitters of innovation can facilitate strategic use of these sites as a built-in dissemination network to amplify the reach and impact of clinical innovation and improve population health. Based on this initial analysis, the CTSA network does not appear to be fully primed for broad, rapid dissemination of innovation across its sites. In-depth interviews are being conducted to investigate CTSA hubs’ perceptions of their dissemination capacity and roles as adopters and transmitters of innovation.

scholarly journals Ethical Approaches to Robotic Data Gathering in Academic Research

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Burk
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Deontological Ethics ◽  
Automated Software

Internet researchers increasingly have at their disposal of an array of automated software agents, or "bots," which can rapidly and efficiently retrieve a variety of economic and technical data from publicly accessible web sites. While these automated tools greatly facilitate the retrieval and analysis of data for academic research, they may pose ethical problems for Internet researchers. Specifically, automated software bots place some load on servers being accessed, possibly in contradiction to the expected use of such servers, and possibly in violation of the legal prerogatives of web site owners. Determining how and when to access such web sites, and whether to seek the consent of web site owners for retrieval of publicly accessible data presents an apparent conflict between general principles of information policy and the emerging legal precedent regarding trespass to computers. This conflict may be characterized as pitting utilitarian considerations against deontological considerations in a fashion reminiscent of previous debates over informed consent in on-line research. In this paper, we examine both utilitarian and deontological characterizations of the ethical obligations of researchers employing automated data retrieval bots, and argue that the contrasts between the two approaches do not necessarily result in conflict. Instead, we argue that the tension within the relevant practices indicates the need for a "meta-choice" between utilitarian and deontological considerations. We further suggest certain factors that may differentiate such a "metaethical" choice in the context of automated data retrieval from the "meta-ethical" choice presented in previously identified contexts of human subjects research or of web browser technology design. In the end, we argue that by analyzing the ethical issues in terms of the contrast between utilitarian and deontological ethics, it is possible to resolve some of the ethical dilemmas regarding automated data retrieval in fruitful and cogent ways.

scholarly journals Closing the research-implementation gap using data science tools: a case study with pollinators of British Columbia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Melissa Guzman ◽  
Tyler Kelly ◽  
Lora Morandin ◽  
Leithen M’Gonigle ◽  
Elizabeth Elle
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Research Implementation ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Implementation Gap ◽  
Web App ◽  
Using Data

AbstractA challenge in conservation is the gap between knowledge generated by researchers and the information being used to inform conservation practice. This gap, widely known as the research-implementation gap, can limit the effectiveness of conservation practice. One way to address this is to design conservation tools that are easy for practitioners to use. Here, we implement data science methods to develop a tool to aid in conservation of pollinators in British Columbia. Specifically, in collaboration with Pollinator Partnership Canada, we jointly develop an interactive web app, the goal of which is two-fold: (i) to allow end users to easily find and interact with the data collected by researchers on pollinators in British Columbia (prior to development of this app, data were buried in supplements from individual research publications) and (ii) employ up to date statistical tools in order to analyse phenological coverage of a set of plants. Previously, these tools required high programming competency in order to access. Our app provides an example of one way that we can make the products of academic research more accessible to conservation practitioners. We also provide the source code to allow other developers to develop similar apps suitable for their data.

scholarly journals Selye János, a kreativitás és eredetiség nagymestere

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (35) ◽  
pp. 1396-1401
Author(s):  
Árpád Somogyi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Prolific Author ◽  
Experimental Animal Models ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Creative Scientist ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Research Institution ◽  
Outstanding Teacher

Hans Selye, the father of the stress concept, was a giant of science of the twentieth century. Beyond his best-known work on stress, he also made several discoveries on various other fields of experimental medicine. He described and characterized various pluricausal diseases. In addition, he made pivotal contributions to the broad field of endocrinology, especially to the classification of steroids and to our better understanding of their mode of action. He developed surgical technics and experimental animal models suitable for studying the pathogenesis and prevention of human diseases. Selye was an extremely well educated, highly intelligent and disciplined individual, an original and creative scientist, an outstanding teacher, a philosopher, a prolific author, a fabulous communicator and a gifted organizer successfully establishing, developing and managing a major academic research institution, the word-famous Institute of Experimental Medicine and Surgery of the University of Montreal. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(35), 1396–1401.

Knowledge Co production and Behavioural Change, Collaborative approaches for promoting low carbon mobility

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Barr ◽  
Gareth Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Productive Process ◽  
Emergent Literature ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Personal Travel

Behavioural change has become regarded as a key tool for policy makers to promote behavioural change that can reduce carbon emissions from personal travel. Yet academic research has suggested that promoting low carbon travel behaviours, in particular those associated with leisure and tourism practices, is particularly challenging because of the highly valued and conspicuous nature of the consumption involved. Accordingly, traditional top-down approaches to developing behavioural change campaigns have largely been ineffectual in this field and this chapter explores innovative ways to understand and develop behavioural change campaigns that are driven from the bottom upwards. In doing so, we draw on emergent literature from management studies and social marketing to explore how ideas of service dominant logic can be used to engage consumers in developing each stage of a behavioural change campaign. Using data and insights from research conducted in the south-east of the UK, we outline and evaluate the process for co-producing knowledge about low carbon travel and climate change. We illustrate how behavioural change campaign creation can be an engaging, lively and productive process of knowledge and experience sharing. The chapter ends by considering the role that co-production and co-creation can have in developing strategies for low carbon mobility and, more broadly, the ways in which publics understand and react to anthropogenic climate change.

Examining the Implications of Process and Choice for Strategic Decision Making Effectiveness

2013 ◽  
pp. 344-359
Author(s):  
Paul L. Drnevich ◽  
Thomas H. Brush ◽  
Alok Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Response Choice ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Using Data

Most strategic decision-making (SDM) approaches advocate the importance of decision-making processes and response choices for obtaining effective outcomes. Modern decision-making support system (DMSS) technology is often also needed for complex SDM, with recent research calling for more integrative DMSS approaches. However, scholars tend to take disintegrated approaches and disagree on whether rational or political decision-making processes result in more effective decision outcomes. In this study, the authors examine these issues by first exploring some of the competing theoretical arguments for the process-choice-effectiveness relationship, and then test these relationships empirically using data from a crisis response training exercise using an intelligent agent-based DMSS. In contrast to prior research, findings indicate that rational decision processes are not effective in crisis contexts, and that political decision processes may negatively influence both response choice and decision effectiveness. These results offer empirical evidence to confirm prior unsupported arguments that response choice is an important mediating factor between the decision-making process and its effectiveness. The authors conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings and the application of agent-based simulation DMSS technologies for academic research and practice.

Efficiency Assessment of University-Industry Collaboration

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-175
Author(s):  
Ebru Yüksel Haliloğlu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Industry Collaboration ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
New Applications ◽  
University Industry

Today, in addition to teaching and research roles, universities are one of major drivers of economic development and technological progress in society. To propagate technological innovation and industrial development, to implement output of academic research in practice universities should be in close cooperation with industry. University-industry collaborations have various benefits both for universities and industry. Universities gain additional funds for academic research, apply academic knowledge to industry; industry benefits from skilled human resources, new applications, and technological advances. Since university-industry collaborations have great mutual benefits for all partners, it is important to administer these operations effectively. Therefore, it is central to develop some efficiency indicators and efficiency measurement methods so that productive projects can be selected and funded more. This study aims to outline a framework on determinants of university-industry collaboration efficiency and construct a benchmark model to evaluate it using data envelopment analysis.

scholarly journals Trust in Community-Engaged Research Partnerships: A Methodological Overview of Designing a Multisite Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-192
Author(s):  
Mimi M. Kim ◽  
Ann Cheney ◽  
Anita Black ◽  
Roland J. Thorpe ◽  
Crystal Wiley Cene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concept Mapping ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Community Health Care ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
Stakeholder Groups

Community-engaged research (CEnR) builds on the strengths of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) framework to address health in underserved and minority communities. There is a paucity of studies that identify the process from which trust develops in CEnR partnerships. This study responds to the need for empirical investigation of building and maintaining trust from a multistakeholder perspective. We conducted a multi-institutional pilot study using concept mapping with to better understand how trust, a critical outcome of CEnR partnerships, can act as “social capital.” Concept mapping was used to collect data from the three stakeholder groups: community, health-care, and academic research partners across three CTSAs. Concept mapping is a mixed-methods approach that allows participants to brainstorm and identify factors that contribute to a concept and describe ways in which those factors relate to each other. This study offers important insights on developing an initial set of trust measures that can be used across CTSAs to understand differences and similarities in conceptualization of trust among key stakeholder groups, track changes in public trust in research, identify both positive and negative aspects of trust, identify characteristics that maintain trust, and inform the direction for future research.

A Brave New E-World? An Exploratory Analysis of Worldwide E-Government Readiness, Level of Democracy, Corruption, and Globalization

2007 ◽  
pp. 180-202
Author(s):  
Zlatko J. Kovacic
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Government Web Sites ◽  
Telecommunication Infrastructure ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter reports research results on the relationship between e-government readiness and its components and the level of democracy, corruption and globalization for 191 countries. A supply-side approach to e-government analysis using data about national government Web sites, telecommunication infrastructure and human capital was taken rather than a demand-side approach, which is based on the real use of e-government Web sites by citizens, businesses and government, or their perceptions of the online services delivery. Statistically significant differences in the level of e-government readiness and its components between three groups of countries classified according to the level of democracy were identified using ANOVA. It was also shown, using correlation and regression analysis, that e-government readiness indices are related to the level of democracy, corruption and globalization.

scholarly journals ‘Then You Will Know the Truth, and the Truth Will Set You Free’: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Career Experiences of Gay Clergy in the Church of England

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Connell ◽  
Julia Yates
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Career Experiences ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Church ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Abstract The career choices of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual (LGB) employees are increasingly under the spotlight in academic research, but the experiences of LGB employees called to devote their careers to faith organisations remain largely unexplored in the literature. The Church of England does not fully condone same-sex relationships and this may pose a challenge for LGB people working for the Church, as they look for a way to reconcile their sexuality with their faith and their employer’s beliefs. This qualitative study explores the lived experiences of six gay clergymen in the Church of England, using data gathered through semi-structured interviews and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Three master themes were identified: tensions between sexuality, calling, and career; coping strategies; and the institutionalisation of homophobia in the Church. The findings are discussed with reference to Work as Calling Theory and we offer practical recommendations.

scholarly journals Towards Identifying Author Confidence in Biomedical Articles

Data ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Onofrei Plămadă ◽  
Diana Trandabăț ◽  
Daniela Gîfu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Biomedical Text Mining ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Effective Dissemination ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Open Archives

In an era where the volume of medical literature is increasing daily, researchers in the biomedical and clinical areas have joined efforts with language engineers to analyze the large amount of biomedical and molecular biology literature (such as PubMed), patient data, or health records. With such a huge amount of reports, evaluating their impact has long stopped being a trivial task. In this context, this paper intended to introduce a non-scientific factor that represents an important element in gaining acceptance of claims. We postulated that the confidence that an author has in expressing their work plays an important role in shaping the first impression that influences the reader’s perception of the paper. The results discussed in this paper were based on a series of experiments that were ran using data from the open archives initiative (OAI) corpus, which provides interoperability standards to facilitate effective dissemination of the content. This method may be useful to the direct beneficiaries (i.e., authors, who are engaged in medical or academic research), but also, to the researchers in the fields of biomedical text mining (BioNLP) and NLP, etc.

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