scholarly journals 2298 Central autonomic network dysfunction implicated in alcohol-related intimate partner violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Brandi C. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Central Autonomic Network ◽  
Alcohol Condition

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Most incidents of partner violence occur when one or both partners have been drinking, however, the mechanism through which this association exists is unclear. The neural circuits that support self-regulation of emotion and social behavior, as well as autonomic influences on the heart, are co-localized in the brain and represent an integrated bidirectional regulatory system. These physiological regulatory processes are mediated by a neural substrate known as the central autonomic network which includes the peripheral autonomic nervous system. The central autonomic network modulates biobehavioral resources in emotion by flexibly responding to physiological arousal in response to changing situational demands, and serves a fundamental role in emotion regulation and goal-directed motor behavior, and this circuit can be indexed with heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In total, 17 distressed violent (DV) partners (11 females, 6 males) were matched to a sample of distressed nonviolent (DNV) partners (7 female, 6 males) were matched on age, sex, and relationship satisfaction and participated in a placebo-controlled alcohol administration study with an emotion-regulation task during which electroencephalography, HRV, and galvanic skin response (GSR) measures were collected. In the alcohol condition, participants were administered a mixture of 100 proof vodka and cranberry juice calculated to raise their blood alcohol concentration to 0.08%. In the placebo condition, participants consumed a volume of juice equivalent to that consumed in the alcohol condition, but without alcohol. Alcohol and placebo conditions were counter-balanced across participants as were the presentation the blocks of evocative and neutral partner stimuli and emotion-regulation condition (watch vs. do not react). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results show that DV partners show greater cortical arousal than DNV partners on measures event-related spectral perturbations, which are mean log event-loced deviations from baseline-mean power at each frequency of the electroencephalography power spectra, when intoxicated and viewing evocative partner stimuli in the “do not react” emotion regulation condition. Results also show a statistically significant 2 (alcohol vs. placebo)×2 (watch vs. do not react)×2 (DV partners vs. DNV partners) interaction of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia measure of HRV when viewing evocative partner behavior (F=7.102, p=0.019, partial η2=0.353). Findings indicate that DV partners have lower HRV than DNV partners across conditions, but particularly when acutely intoxicated and trying not to react to their partners’ evocative behavior. Similarly, results also show a statistically significantly 2 (alcohol vs. placebo)×2 (watch vs. do not react)×2 (DV partners vs. DNV partners) interaction on GSR (F=71.452, p=0.000, partial η2=0.749). GSR findings indicate that DV partners also have lower GSR when acutely intoxicated and trying not to react to their partners’ evocative behavior. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results suggest that increases in intimate partner violence under acute alcohol intoxication may be the result of dysfunction of the central autonomic network, especially when DV partners are trying to suppress a behavioral response to their partners’ evocative behavior in conflict. The neurophysiological patterns evidenced by DV partners is consistent with a state of vigilance to threat, and reduced ability inhibit prepotent, but inappropriate responses. They also suggest that HRV may be an important target for intervention with partner with a history of intimate partner violence. One method may be heart rate variability biofeedback which has been shown to increase parasympathetic nervous system functioning, autonomic stability, and emotion regulation.

Post-Traumatic Stress, Mother’s Emotion Regulation, and Parenting in Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 876-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyrill Gurtovenko ◽  
Lynn Fainsilber Katz
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are high among female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), and children of parents experiencing PTSS are at heightened risk for a wide range of emotional and behavioral problems. Parenting has significant influence on child adjustment, and although links have been found between parental psychopathology and maladaptive parenting, little is known about the factors that may explain this relation. The current study examines mother’s emotion regulation (ER) as a factor influencing the relation between mother PTSS and parenting around children’s emotions in a study sample of sixty-four female survivors of IPV and their 6- to 12-year-old children. Mothers reported on their own PTSS and their parenting. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was used as a psychophysiological index of mother’s ER. Experiential components of mother’s ER was also measured by observer coding of the Meta-Emotion Interview, a structured assessment that asks parents about their attitudes toward and experiences with emotions, including their regulation of emotions. Mother’s RSA reactivity moderated the relation between PTSS and negative parenting. There was also a significant indirect relation between mothers’ PTSS symptom severity and supportive parenting reactions through mothers’ self-report of ER. Results suggest that mother’s ER abilities represent factors that significantly affect associations between maternal PTSS and parent’s emotion socialization practices. Implications for assessment and intervention with families exposed to the stress of IPV are discussed.

scholarly journals 2442

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
Brandi Fink ◽  
Eric D. Claus ◽  
James F. Cavanagh ◽  
Derek A. Hamilton ◽  
Sarah Salway
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Alcohol Administration ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Alcohol Condition ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of alcohol and evocative stimuli on heart rate variability (HRV) in partners with a history of intimate partner violence in a placebo-controlled alcohol administration study with an emotion-regulation task. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In total, 17 partners (9 females, 8 males) with a history of partner violence participated in a placebo-controlled alcohol administration study with an emotion-regulation task during which HRV measures were collected. In the alcohol condition, participants were administered a mixture of 100 proof vodka and cranberry juice calculated to raise their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08%. In the placebo condition, participants consumed a volume of juice equivalent to that consumed in the alcohol condition, but without alcohol. Alcohol and placebo conditions were counter-balanced across participants as were the presentation the blocks of evocative and neutral partner stimuli. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Controlling for baseline HRV, there was a significant main effect of stimuli (evocative vs. neutral partner stimuli) on HRV in intoxicated partners, F1,16=16.28, p=0.004. There was also a significant main effect of regulation on HRV under conditions acute alcohol intoxication, F1,16=23.55, p=0.001. These effects tell us that intoxicated partners experienced reduced HRV when exposed to evocative stimuli from their partners. These effects also tell us that under acute alcohol intoxication, partners were less able to regulate their emotion when exposed to evocative stimuli than when they consumed a placebo beverage. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results suggest that increases in intimate partner violence under acute alcohol intoxication may be the result of reduce HRV. This reduction in HRV would contribute to partners’ inability to response with adaptively in conflict when intoxicated. They also suggest that HRV may be an important target for intervention with partner with a history of intimate partner violence. One method may be Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback which has been shown to increase parasympathetic nervous system functioning, autonomic stability, and emotion regulation.

Intimate Partner Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: Indirect Effects Through Negative and Positive Emotion Dysregulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110063
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Simpson ◽  
Alexa M. Raudales ◽  
Miranda E. Reyes ◽  
Tami P. Sullivan ◽  
Nicole H. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation

Women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) are at heightened risk for developing posttraumatic stress (PTS). Emotion dysregulation has been linked to both IPV and PTS, separately, however, unknown is the role of emotion dysregulation in the relation of IPV to PTS among women who experience IPV. Moreover, existing investigations in this area have been limited in their focus on negative emotion dysregulation. Extending prior research, this study investigated whether physical, sexual, and psychological IPV were indirectly associated with PTS symptom severity through negative and positive emotion dysregulation. Participants were 354 women who reported a history of IPV recruited from Amazon’s MTurk platform ( Mage = 36.52, 79.9% white). Participants completed self-report measures assessing physical (Conflict Tactics Scale), sexual (Sexual Experiences Scale), and psychological (Psychological Maltreatment of Women) IPV; negative (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) and positive (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Positive) emotion dysregulation; and PTS symptom severity (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5) via an online survey. Pearson’s correlation coefficients examined intercorrelations among the primary study variables. Indirect effect analyses were conducted to determine if negative and positive emotion dysregulation explained the relations between physical, sexual, and psychological IPV and PTS symptom severity. Physical, sexual, and psychological IPV were significantly positively associated with both negative and positive emotion dysregulation as well as PTS symptom severity, with the exception that psychological IPV was not significantly associated with positive emotion dysregulation. Moreover, negative and positive emotion dysregulation accounted for the relationships between all three IPV types and PTS symptom severity, with the exception of positive emotion dysregulation and psychological IPV. Our findings provide support for the potential underlying role of both negative and positive emotion dysregulation in the associations of IPV types to PTS symptom severity. Negative and positive emotion dysregulation may be important factors to integrate into interventions for PTS among women who experience IPV.

Concurrent Treatment of Intimate Partner Violence and Trichotillomania From an Emotion Regulation Framework: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 153465012096458
Author(s):  
Jena B. Casas ◽  
Daniel R. Szoke ◽  
Lorraine T. Benuto
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Concurrent Treatment

Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) experience a vast array of emotional and behavioral consequences, including difficulties in areas related to emotion regulation, and they often qualify for comorbid psychological diagnoses. Although a modified version of DBT has been examined as a treatment for survivors of IPV experiencing emotional dysregulation, there has been little mention of how to treat comorbid disorders among this population. Given that body focused repetitive behaviors (BFRB’s), such as trichotillomania, can be conceptualized as poor coping mechanisms to soothe dysregulated emotions, it seems beneficial to understand how to treat these diagnoses in the context of IPV sequelae. To date, there are limited examinations of DBT enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy for those suffering from IPV exposure and trichotillomania. The following case provides a successful example for how and why such therapy can be conducted for the treatment of comorbid diagnoses following IPV exposure.

Understanding Forgiveness After Leaving an Abusive Relationship: The Voices of Chinese Female Intimate Partner Violence Survivors

2020 ◽  
pp. 107780122095216
Author(s):  
Qinglu Wu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Anna Wai-Man Choi
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Abusive Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Reframing

Forgiveness is known to play an important role in recovery studies of female intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors. However, survivors’ understanding of forgiveness remains unclear. This study explored forgiveness through semi-structured interviews with 25 Chinese women. The results indicate that forgiveness is an unintended process that comprises the alleviation of a grudge held against former partners and a reframed understanding of them. It does not involve reconciliation. Moreover, establishment of clear boundaries is a precondition for forgiveness. The findings supplement knowledge on forgiveness and the importance of cognitive reframing, emotion regulation, and establishing clear boundaries in forgiveness and recovery.

Romantic Attachment and Physical Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in a Chilean Sample: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Guzmán-González ◽  
Marie-France Lafontaine ◽  
Christine Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Romantic Attachment ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Physical Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Violence Perpetration

Despite evidence that adult attachment insecurity has been linked to the perpetration of physical intimate violence, the mechanisms underlying this link need further exploration. The goal of this study was to evaluate the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the association between romantic attachment and the use of physical intimate partner violence. To this end, 611 students recruited from Chilean universities completed the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses revealed that emotion regulation difficulties mediated the relationship between dimensions of romantic attachment (anxiety over abandonment and avoidance of intimacy) and physical violence perpetration among both male and female participants. Implications for future research and clinical practice are presented herein.

Assessing Resilience in Preschool Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H. Howell ◽  
Sandra A. Graham-Bermann ◽  
Ewa Czyz ◽  
Michelle Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Prosocial Skills ◽  
Skill Scores

This study examined why some preschool-age children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) showed deleterious outcomes and others appeared more resilient. Resilience, conceptualized as strengths in emotion regulation and prosocial skills, was evaluated using the Social Competence Scale developed by the Conduct Problem Prevention Research Group. The sample consisted of 56 mothers and their 4- to 6-year-old children exposed to IPV within the past 2 years. After controlling for relevant demographic factors, hierarchical regression analyses indicated that better parenting performance, fewer maternal mental health problems, and less severe violence exposure predicted better emotion regulation and prosocial skill scores, which in turn were negatively correlated with maladaptive child behaviors. These findings can be used to inform and enhance clinical services for children exposed to IPV.

scholarly journals Frontal alpha asymmetry in alcohol-related intimate partner violence

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1209-1217
Author(s):  
Brandi C Fink ◽  
Breannan C Howell ◽  
Sarah Salway ◽  
James F Cavanagh ◽  
Derek A Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Alpha Asymmetry ◽  
Frontal Alpha Asymmetry ◽  
Partner Types

Abstract Electroencephalographic (EEG) frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) has been associated with differences in the experience and expression of emotion, motivation and anger in normal and clinical populations. The current study is the first to investigate FAA in alcohol-related intimate partner violence. EEG was recorded from 23 distressed violent (DV) and 15 distressed nonviolent (DNV) partners during a placebo-controlled alcohol administration and emotion-regulation study. The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 was used to evaluate anger experiences and was collected from both participants and their partners. During baseline, acute alcohol intoxication DV partners had significantly greater right FAA, whereas DNV partners showed greater left FAA. Both partner types demonstrated significantly greater right FAA during the placebo beverage condition of the emotion-regulation task when viewing evocative partner displays of contempt, belligerence, criticism, defensiveness and stonewalling, but greater left FAA during acute alcohol intoxication. Although no group differences were found in the emotion-regulation task, partner self-reported anger experiences accounted for 67% of the variance in the FAA of DV participants when intoxicated and viewing evocative stimuli, suggesting dyadic processes are important in understanding alcohol-related IPV. These findings suggest that FAA could index the affective and motivational determinants through which alcohol is related to IPV.

scholarly journals Effects of emotion regulation and perpetrator-victim roles in intimate partner violence on mental health problems among men who have sex with men in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wei ◽  
F. Hou ◽  
W. Cao ◽  
C. Hao ◽  
J. Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Aims This study assessed the relationships between different perpetrator-victim roles in intimate partner violence (IPV), emotion regulation (ER) and mental health problems among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Methods From April to June 2019, 1233 participants were approached via gay-friendly non-governmental organisations in 15 cities across mainland China. Results Of the total, 578 eligible participants completed an anonymous online survey. All participants provided informed consent and information about their violent perpetrator-victim role and mental health status. The results revealed a high prevalence of IPV in this study sample, with 32.7% of participants reporting IPV victimisation and 32.5% of participants reporting IPV perpetration during their lifetime. A total of 81 (14.0%) participants were suicidal, 309 (53.5%) participants reported poor general mental health and 208 (36.0%) had significant depressive symptoms. Adjusted logistic regression models revealed that both physical victimisation (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] = 3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–9.32) and sexual victimisation (ORa = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.39–6.05) had positive associations with suicidality, and unidirectional and bidirectional psychological perpetration were associated with poor general mental health and significant depressive symptoms. Although high cognitive reappraisal showed a negative association with poor general mental health (ORa = 0.89，95% CI = 0.86–0.92), the correlation with victims of IPV was weaker than it was with non-victims. Conclusions This study revealed that different perpetrator-victim roles in different IPV situations should be considered comprehensively in research, prevention and intervention. ER is not enough to buffer the effects of IPV on the mental health of MSM victims.

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