scholarly journals 2486

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 66-66
Author(s):  
Monica Roosa Ordway ◽  
Nancy Redeker ◽  
Lois Sadler

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The purposes of this study are to examine the relationships among sleep characteristics (duration, efficiency), stress biomarkers, and child behavior problems among toddlers living in socioeconomically disadvantaged homes and how these characteristics change over time from age of 12 months to 24 months. Aim 1: examine changes in subjective and objective sleep characteristics from 12 to 24 months of age. Aim 2: examine changes in stress biomarkers from 12 to 24 months of age. Aim 3: examine the cross sectional and longitudinal relationships between sleep characteristics and stress response. Aim 4: examine the cross sectional and longitudinal relationships between sleep characteristics and toddlers’ child behavior problems. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In this cross-sectional study we are recruiting parents with healthy toddlers from early head start programs and a community clinic to prospectively examine the relationships among sleep characteristics, stress biomarkers, and children’s health. Data on sleep characteristics will include subjective and objective measures of sleep duration and efficiency and parental interactive bedtime behaviors to assist their toddlers’ sleep initiation. Multisystemic biomarkers of stress including cortisol, CRP, IL-6, and BMI, will be measured individually. The associations between sleep characteristics and the biomarkers, considered as a latent variable of the stress response, will be explored. Health measures will include secretory IgA and parent-reported behavioral problems. Generalized linear models will be used in the data analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: To date we have obtained objective (9 days/nights of actigraphy) measures of 33 toddlers’ sleep and subjective measures of parenting interactive behaviors. Using the Parental Interactive Bedtime Behavior (PIBB) Survey and subscales [active physical comforting, encourage autonomy, settle by movement, passive physical comforting (PPC), social comforting], we are currently reporting on the associations between PIBB and toddler’s sleep characteristics. The sample included 33 toddlers (mean age=1.33 years, SD=0.54). The toddlers’ sleep duration averaged 8.22 hours (SD=0.86). There were statistically significant moderate associations between sleep duration and parents’ PPC (r=−0.41, p=0.02). Intra-individual variability in the amount of wake after sleep onset was also significantly associated with total PIBB and PPC (r=0.37, p=0.05; r=0.52, p=0.002, respectively). Intra-individual variability in the amount of sleep fragmentation within toddlers was significantly associated with total PIBB (r=0.36, p=0.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Although active physical comforting (eg, rocking to sleep, patting or rubbing child’s back) is most commonly associated with sleep patterns in infancy and toddlerhood among samples of higher socio-economic status, findings from this study suggest a stronger association between PPC (eg, presence of the parent in the room to fall asleep) and less sleep duration and more individual variability in night wakings. The biomarker data are currently being analyzed and results will be presented within the year. Taken together, these preliminary results and pending results will inform future intervention development that may address the role of parenting behavior in promoting health sleep early in life.

Author(s):  
Shamshad Karatela ◽  
Christin Coomarasamy ◽  
Janis Paterson ◽  
Neil I. Ward

Behavioral problems are multifactorial and includes perinatal, maternal, family, parenting, socio-economic and personal risk factors, but less is known about the association of postnatal heavy metals on children’s behavioral problems in Pacific Island children. Methods: A cohort of eligible nine-year-old children within a Pacific Island Families longitudinal study were recruited for a cross-sectional study. Child behavior problems were assessed using the child behavior checklist. Heavy metals (including Ni, Cu, Pb, Al, Cr and Cd) were determined in toenails, after acid digestion and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Other factors such as lifestyle (smoking in pregnancy), health outcomes (obesity, health status), demographics (gender, ethnicity, parents’ marital status) and socioeconomic status (household income levels) were also collected. The statistical analysis included t-tests for independent sample and Mann–Whitney U-test, and chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests of independence for comparisons of the proportions. Regression models tested the hypothesized risk factors for behavior outcomes. Results: This observational study enrolled 278 eligible Pacific Island children living in Auckland, New Zealand. The prevalence of behavioral problems in the clinical range was high (22%) but there was no significant association between heavy metals in toenails and adverse behavioral outcomes. Conclusion: Regular monitoring and assessments of children for environmental risk factors, as well as social and lifestyle factors for behavior problems, continues. Alternative indicators of exposure to heavy metal should be evaluated.


2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali V. Raval ◽  
Anusha D. Natarajan ◽  
Pratiksha H. Raval ◽  
Ila N. Panchal ◽  
Stacey P. Raj

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renay P. Cleary ◽  
Tami B. Rigterink ◽  
Lynn F. Katz ◽  
Melissa Keith ◽  
Jena Roth

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joey J. Fung ◽  
Anna S. Lau

In a sample of 107 Chinese immigrant families we examined whether cultural child-rearing beliefs moderated the association between parents’ use of punitive discipline and children’s behavioral adjustment. Immigrant parents and their children aged 7 to 17 years completed measures of parental discipline and child behavior problems. Parents also reported on indigenous Chinese child-rearing ideologies regarding shaming and training as strategies for raising competent and moral children. Results of hierarchical regression models conducted with parent-reported data indicated that the negative effects of punitive discipline on child behavior problems were not apparent when parents adhered to training and shaming ideologies. However, the buffering effects of training ideologies were more robust and consistent than shaming. The findings provide some evidence that the discipline—behavior problem link may be moderated by cultural context of caregiver psychology which shapes the meaning and implications of parental behavior.


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