scholarly journals Combating Human Trafficking at the Local Level: Better Informing (Inter)national Action Plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Winterdyk
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Major City ◽  
Major Urban Centre

AbstractDespite increasing awareness of human trafficking in Canada (and internationally), there is limited knowledge about how local communities are responding to the experiences of trafficked persons. By focusing on the case of counter-trafficking responses in a major city in western Canada, this project represents the first Canadian attempt to document how a major urban centre is addressing human trafficking. The exploratory project surveyed 53 respondents representing agencies involved in the counter-trafficking response, which in various capacities serve individuals victimized by trafficking. Building on the survey findings, five focus group discussions were also conducted. The article suggests that, while a criminal justice framework is important for addressing human trafficking, local strategies will benefit from an emphasis on cross-sector collaboration that emphasizes the rights of the trafficked persons above the needs of law enforcement. Implications for (inter)national responses are also presented.

Women’s Struggle for a Voice in Local Governance: Challenges for Veiled Women in Haryana, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097152152110305
Author(s):  
Saroj Rani
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Experiences Of Women

This study explores the experiences of women as voters and political representatives at the local level. It includes women’s stories which capture the challenges they faced, their resistance and aspiration for change. The study also looks at men’s perception of women’s political participation. The study uses a feminist perspective with qualitative methods. Tools such as in-depth interview, focus group discussions and observations were used to gather data and information.

scholarly journals Globalization and Transnational Advance Fee Fraud: A Study of Perceptions of Undergraduates in Southeastern Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngozi G. Egbue
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Advance Fee Fraud ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Transnational advance fee fraud has become a public issue since the 1980s, and has grown world wide within a background of corrupt dealings in foreign exchange and the transfer of illegally obtained money through foreign businesses and enterprises. In the Nigerian context, the general economic impoverishment with the attendant desperation of the educated to create self-employment and generate wealth, together with a tendency to get-rich-quick, constitute the background within which advance fee fraud has grown. At the global level, while contacts between different parts of the world have grown tremendously, with increasing potentials for personal, business and other forms of exchange, yet racial identities quite evidently tend to remain resilient, resulting in various forms of divisions and conflicts. This paper sought, with the use of a questionnaire, focus group discussions and interviews to examine the perception of undergraduates in southeastern Nigeria about certain aspects of this scam. This is because these youth are considered to be most predisposed, by virtue of their education, constant access to the internet, unsatisfied financial needs and the threat of imminent unemployment, to temptations to engage in advance fee fraud. The findings indicated that undergraduates were very familiar with advance fee fraud as a major economic activity. Furthermore, it was found that undergraduates generally viewed internet scam as less grievous than other irregular sources of income, largely because the victims were mainly foreigners, and also because there was usually no direct contact with victims. The study made recommendations for improved enlightenment of youth, stricter overall anti-corruption law enforcement, and increased employment opportunities for undergraduates.

scholarly journals Spaces for Transdisciplinary Dialogues on the Relationship between Local Communities and Their Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Marta Crivos ◽  
María Rosa Martínez ◽  
Laura Teves ◽  
Carolina Remorini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Subsistence Activities ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOur ethnographic research focuses on the perception and use of components of the natural environment in terms of routine activities carried out by the residents of a rural community in the Calchaqui Valley (Salta, Argentina). Life in this community is characterised by the presence of traditional subsistence activities – agriculture, cattle farming, textile manufacturing and ancestral medical practices – coexisting with business ventures focused on mono-culture and export, tourism centred on landscape intervention and promotion of native products, and the growing key role of public policies in the areas of health and human development. In this context, a joint reflection on viability and sustainability of local and global practices and resources must be undertaken. Implementing intersectoral forums and focus-group discussions, governmental and non-governmental actors, researchers and local people must work conjointly to achieve a fresh patrimonial awareness of livelihood strategies based on their long interaction with a specific environment.

scholarly journals FAKTOR KRIMINOGEN ILLEGAL MINING TIMAH DI BANGKA BELITUNG

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
The People ◽  
Depth Interviews

Bangka Belitung’s tin wealth on the downside has led to rampant illegal mining practices. This research aims to determine the root causes of illegal mining. Data collection was done through literature studies, field observations, participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with key informants from miners to policy makers, as well as law enforcement officers. The study finds there are eight criminogenic factors, namely tin disorientation governance, political control of tin, tin abundant, areas prone to smuggling, economic needs of the people and the elite, low awareness of law and and environment, nonoptimal guidance and supervision, and ineffective law enforcement.Kekayaan timah Bangka Belitung pada sisi negatifnya telah menimbulkan maraknya praktik Illegal mining. Tujuan penelitian antaralain untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya illegal mining. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi literatur, pengamatan lapangan, observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam dan FGD yang dengan para key informan dari pelaku tambang sampai pengambil kebijakan, serta aparat penegak hukum. Penelitian ini menemukan ada 8 (delapan) faktorkriminogen terjadinya illegal mining timah, yaitu disorientasi tata kelola pertimahan, politik penguasaan timah, timah yang melimpah, daerah rawan penyelundupan, kebutuhan ekonomi rakyat dan elit, rendahnya kesadaran hukum dan lingkungan, pembinaan dan pengawasan belum optimal dan penegakan hukum yang belum efektif.

scholarly journals Analysis of Susceptibilities, Capacities of Local Communities, Disaster Management Structures, Policies and Institutions in Pakistan: A case of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas Idrees ◽  
Muhammad Bashir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
State Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Management Policies

Azad Jammu and Kashmir is among the major disaster-prone areas of Pakistan. Disasters largely affect people resulting in loss of economy. Therefore, disaster risk reduction mechanism at community level is essential to minimize damage. The objective of this paper is two folds. Firstly, it analyzes the institutional framework in Pakistan for disaster management and specific disaster management policies. Secondly, this paper was designed to develop an in-depth understanding of the key challenges that the communities of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan face in the wake of constantly reoccurring disasters. This paper is based on field visits. House-hold surveys, observations, key informant interviews and group discussions were conducted to analyze the preparedness, both at community and organizational levels. The findings point out that disaster management policies and mechanisms regarding preparedness are not implemented by both federal and state authorities at local level. Further, the local communities of AJK, Pakistan are susceptible to different kind of hazards related to disasters. The paper reveals that available federal/state mechanism of disasters do not meet the needs of community. All of the stakeholders that include federal government institutions, state government institutions and local communities are not prepared. Thus, communities are continuously getting affected by natural disasters. The paper suggests that there is a dire need to improve the coordination between state and national agencies. Further, there is need to enhance community preparedness specifically in AJK, Pakistan to upgrade community’s defensive and awareness mechanism to safeguard citizens’ lives in response to seismic emergency.

scholarly journals Local Communities’ Perceptions of Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Resources in the Mtwara Region of Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Festo W. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Archaeological Ethnography

This paper examines local communities’ understanding of archaeology and cultural heritage resources. This study was conducted among the Makonde communities of the Mtwara Region of south-eastern Tanzania. The paper presents and critically discusses local communities’ views upon the meaning of archaeology and cultural heritage resources in general. The study used community-based methods by use of interviews, archaeological ethnography and focus group discussions. The results of this study reveal that the local communities in the Mtwara Region are not aware of the meaning of archaeology regardless of the number of archaeological researches that have been conducted in the region. Their understanding of the past is very much confined to intangible cultural traditions which are inherited and practised from one generation to another. Some conclusions are provided which undoubtedly indicate that according to the local communities’ perceptions cultural heritage resources are mainly characterized by intangible cultural practices and beliefs. As this study unveils, in this case tangible heritage resources have less importance to the local communities. This is contrary to the professional or academic conceptions which provide a dual focus on conservation and protection of tangible cultural heritage resources. It is only very recently that we see some studies being conducted focusing on intangible cultural heritage resources.

scholarly journals PENYELESAIAN PERKARA PIDANA YANG BERKEADILAN SUBSTANSIAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufiq
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Obser Vations

<p align="center"><strong>A</strong><strong>b</strong><strong>s</strong><strong>t</strong><strong>ra</strong><strong>k</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai masalah yang timbul dalam penyelesaian kasus pidana, dan bagaimana pandangan penegakan hukum terhadap hukum acara pidana di Indonesia dalam memberikan keadilan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menekankan pada observasi lapangan, dan data dianalisis dengan cara non-statistik. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi pustaka, observasi, wawancara, dan <em>focus group discussions </em>(FGD). Informan dipilih berdasarkan tujuan penelitian. Data yang terkumpul kemudian divalidasi dengan triangulasi data dan dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Sistem peradilan pidana belum mampu memberikan keadilan bagi korban dan pelaku 2) penegakan hukum masih terlalu kaku dalam menerapkan secara penuh aturan normatif, termasuk dalam kasus-kasus tertentu, bahkan yang kerugian sangat kecil.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci </strong>: Pidana, Keadilan, <em>Restorative Justice</em></p><p align="center"><strong>A</strong><strong>b</strong><strong>s</strong><strong>t</strong><strong>rac</strong><strong>t</strong></p><p><em>T</em><em>he purposes of this research are to find out many kinds of problems that arise in the resolution of criminal case, and how the views of law enforcement against criminal procedural law in Indonesia in order to provide justice.This research is an empirical law by using a qualitative method that emphasizes on the field obser- vations, and the data were analyzed by non-statistical means. Data collecting technique performs by literature studies, observations, interviews, and focus group discussions (FGD). The informants were se- lected refer to its each purposes. The data validation was based on triangulation and it was analyzed using interactive analysis model.The results of this research indicate: 1) Criminal Justice System is less able to achieve substantial justice for both victims and perpetrators, 2) This study also concluded that law enforce- ment is still too rigid to fully implement the normative rules, including in certain cases, even the loss is very small.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Criminal, Justice, Restorative </em><em>J</em><em>ustice</em></p>

Operation Safe Corridor Programme and Reintegration of Ex-Boko Haram Fighters in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110479
Author(s):  
Michael I Ugwueze ◽  
Elias C Ngwu ◽  
Freedom C Onuoha
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Nigerian Government

The devastation of lives, livelihood and property in Nigeria caused by over a decade of insurgency by the Boko Haram terrorists is a subject of security, policy, humanitarian and academic concern. Several counter-measures have been adopted by both state and non-state actors to combat the insurgency with limited successes recorded. Consequently, studies have examined several efforts taken by the Nigerian government toward ending the Boko Haram insurgency, including the challenges confronting such efforts. However, Nigeria’s de-radicalization, rehabilitation and reintegration programme for ex-Boko Haram fighters, known as Operation Safe Corridor, has received marginal attention in literature. The Operation Safe Corridor programme which was established in September 2015 is aimed at de-radicalizing, rehabilitating and reintegrating repentant Boko Haram insurgents into society. Using a field survey method involving key informant interviews and focus group discussions as well as documentary reports, this article examines the progress and pitfalls of the Operation Safe Corridor programme. It argues that the failure to mainstream the concerns of local communities both in policy and programming of Operation Safe Corridor severely undermines the prospect of successful and effective reintegration of ex-Boko Haram fighters. The article concludes that if this gap is not addressed, the programme will succeed in terms of the number of ex-combatants graduating from it but will fail in terms of reintegrating the graduating ex-combatants into society. This poses significant risks to both Boko Haram defectors and society at large.

Forest Rights Act Implementation in Odisha

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijayashree Satpathy
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Reality Check ◽  
Depth Interviews

The Forest Rights Act (FRA) 2006 claims to devolve ownership to local forest dwellers in India, to provide local communities with better tenurial security and allow increased rights over forest resources. One argument for this is the redressal of historical injustices, particularly to tribal people. Offering a reality check, this article scrutinises the interface of informal and formal institutions with respect to livelihood of forest-dependent communities and forest conservation to identify ongoing implementation challenges. Empirical data from two villages of Mayurbhanj district in Odisha use oral history, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with different actors in FRA implementation as evidence. Asymmetric information flow, deficient coordination, undemocratic participation, dearth of transparency and lack of accountability at various levels hinder FRA implementation, which claims to safeguard the basic rights of disempowered local people, but does not appear to deliver ‘complete justice’.

scholarly journals Perceived barriers and primary care access experiences among immigrant Bangladeshi men in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e000453
Author(s):  
Tanvir C Turin ◽  
Ruksana Rashid ◽  
Mahzabin Ferdous ◽  
Iffat Naeem ◽  
Nahid Rumana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Immigrant Men

ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the experience of male members of a rapidly grown community of Bangladeshi immigrants while accessing primary healthcare (PHC) services in Canada.DesignA qualitative research was conducted among a sample of Bangladeshi immigrant men through a community-based participatory research approach. Focus group discussions were conducted to collect the qualitative data where thematic analysis was applied.SettingThe focus group discussions were held in various community centres such as individual meeting rooms at public libraries, community halls and so on arranged in collaboration with community organisations while ensuring complete privacy.ParticipantThirty-eight adults, Bangladeshi immigrant men, living in Calgary were selected for this study and participated in six different focus groups. The sample represents mostly married, educated, Muslim, Bangla speaking, aged over 25 years, full-time or self-employed and living in an urban centre in Canada >5 years.ResultThe focus groups have highlighted long wait time as an important barrier. Long wait at the emergency room, difficulties to get access to general physicians when feeling sick, slow referral process and long wait at the clinic even after making an appointment impact their daily chores, work and access to care. Language is another important barrier that impedes effective communication between physicians and immigrant patients, thus the quality of care. Unfamiliarity with the healthcare system and lack of resources were also voiced that hinder access to healthcare for immigrant Bangladeshi men in Canada. However, no gender-specific barriers unique to men have been identified in this study.ConclusionThe barriers to accessing PHC services for Bangladeshi immigrant men are similar to that of other visible minority immigrants. It is important to recognise the extent of barriers across various immigrant groups to effectively shape public policy and improve access to PHC.

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