Law, Regulation, and Safety Crime: Exploring the Boundaries of Criminalizing Powerful Corporate Actors

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 445-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bittle ◽  
Laureen Snider
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Legal Discourses ◽  
Unintentional Acts ◽  
Negligence Law ◽  
State Responses ◽  
Corporate Wrongdoing

AbstractThis article interrogates the laws that govern safety crimes, harmful but typically unintentional acts of negligence that occur in the production of goods and services. Acts that injure employees at work are commonly depicted in legal discourses as accidents and penalized through administrative laws, although other negligent acts such as driving offences causing injury or death are treated as potentially criminal events. Through a discourse analysis of legal and regulatory texts and documents, the authors argue that the constitution of workplace safety crime is rooted in complex historical factors that shape state responses to corporate wrongdoing. This article documents the roots of this “common sense” view of workplace crime, empirically focusing on Canadian corporate negligence law, and concludes with tentative strategies of resistance and change.

scholarly journals Beyond Hegemony: Elaborating on the Use of Gramscian Concepts in Critical Discourse Analysis for Political Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Antonio Gramsci ◽  
Political Studies ◽  
Asymmetrical Power

The work of Antonio Gramsci is important for the theoretical underpinnings of critical discourse analysis. However, many scholars’ engagement with Gramsci’s work within critical discourse analysis remains surprisingly thin. This article seeks to highlight the detriment to critical discourse analysis of having only a surface engagement with Gramsci. It critically assesses how Gramscian concepts such as hegemony and ‘common sense’ are currently employed within critical discourse analysis and provides more detailed discussion on the import of these concepts for critical discourse analysis. The article also argues that introducing the Gramscian concepts of the war of position and spontaneous and normative grammars enables the further realisation of critical discourse analysis’ ambition to be an emancipatory tool in political and social science. In so doing, the article contributes to work on critical discourse analysis as a method in political studies, particularly concerning the role of discourse in reproducing and maintaining asymmetrical power relations between classes and social groups, and potential challenges to this.

Critical Approaches to the Study of Terrorism

2019 ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
Charlotte Heath-Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Distinct Form ◽  
Critical Method ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Terrorist Violence

Critical approaches to the study of terrorism do not inquire into the causation of political violence. Rather, the umbrella term “critical” encompasses a large variety of methodologies which reject the positivist philosophy of science. This chapter explores the meaning of “critique” as an epistemological alternative to positivist models of knowledge. It shows how “critical” approaches do not ask “what causes terrorist violence,” but rather how societies have come to a point where they identify “terrorism” as a distinct form of violence, separate from “war” and “crime.” What makes terrorism “sensible”? How do we “know” terrorism as a concept or form? Drawing from long philosophical traditions, critical approaches explore how power, culture, and linguistics have constituted the concept of “terrorism”—creating a reality which is not “obvious” or common-sense, but contingent and arbitrary. The chapter then outlines the critical method of “discourse analysis” and its use in constructivist analyses of the War on Terror.

scholarly journals Assessed into form

2017 ◽  
pp. 130-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Walldén
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Private Actors

The aim of this article is to examine how the discourse of formative assessment is perpetuated and transformed in a Facebook group where teachers and other agents meet for discussions and to share advice about teaching methods. Drawing on concepts from critical discourse analysis (Fairclough 1993), the study shows how teachers position themselves as successful and devout practitioners of formative assessment, while perpetuating central concepts such as self-regulation and peer assessment. Additionally, the results show how teachers’ voices intermingle with private actors seeking to align formative ideals with requirements for certain goods and services. In light of these findings, the relation between formative discourse and discourses of marketization and performativity seems dialectic rather than oppositional. It is proposed that the resulting interdiscursive mix pushes teachers towards adopting market-­oriented identities, foregrounding not only the assessable behaviors of students but also those of their teachers.

scholarly journals Indonesian Tourism Discourse on www.indonesia.travel: Mood Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Arina Isti'anah
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Front Page ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Information Goods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Web

Tourism is an important topic to observe since it affects a country’s economic vibrancy and global image. Scholars have researched the tourism website's lexical and visual features, yet none observed how the website builds an interpersonal relationship to the browsers. Thus, this paper sheds light on how Indonesian tourism website exchanges information, goods, and services to the browsers. Two problems are addressed in this paper: (1) how are the mood structures employed on the Indonesian tourism website? (2) what are tourism discourses revealed on the web? To answer them, ten sample articles of Medan, Raja Ampat, Bali, Banyuwangi, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Bandung, Makassar, Lombok, and Wakatobi highlighted on the front page of the website, accessed on www.indonesia.travel, were analyzed through Discourse Analysis approach. The 461 collected clauses were categorized into the mood structures and their speech functions. The results showed that the website was dominated by declarative mood functioning as statements, seen in 328 clauses, or 71.6% of the total clauses. It implied that promotion was not thoroughly involved, proven by the limited number of the speech function “offer”. The website's mood structures aimed to present itineraries and access, a place to play, and authenticity. Aside from culinary and cultural heritage, the website also presented traditional transportation and game as Indonesian authenticity. The commodity given on the website was in the form of information to help the prospective tourists prepare for their trip to Indonesia.

The Taming of Philosophy

2020 ◽  
pp. 260-290
Author(s):  
Michael Della Rocca
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Method Of Intuition

The biggest source of resistance to the Parmenidean Ascent is the implausibility of its radically monistic conclusions. Philosophers have been taught to avoid at almost any cost any such implausible or counterintuitive results. Thus, to complete the defense of the Parmenidean Ascent, it is necessary to weaken the hold of the method of intuition and the related reliance on common sense. This chapter outlines various forms of the method of intuition to be found in thinkers as diverse as Bealer, Lewis, Sider, and also Rawls with his method of reflective equilibrium. The method of intuition is shown to be both unduly conservative and also arbitrary with regard to which opinions are favored. The chapter then explores the historical factors behind the rise of the method of intuition. Here the focus is on the reaction against Bradley by the early analytical philosophers, Moore and Russell, who question-beggingly reject Bradley’s commitment to the PSR.

scholarly journals Moderate Islam in Indonesia: Activities of Islamic Da'wah Ahmad Syafii Maarif

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-124
Author(s):  
Suhaimi Suhaimi ◽  
Raudhonah Raudhonah
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
The Public

This study aims to observe the activities of the preaching of Ahmad Syafii Maarif as a manifestation of Islamic moderation in the frame of humanity and Indonesian-ness. Ahmad Syafii Maarif in his various ideas always presents a portrait of Islam in Indonesia that is inclusive and tolerant. Where the construction of Islamic da'wah is based on Islamic doctrine as a religion of enlightenment that rahmatan lil alamin. The research was conducted through a literature approach by examining various ideas of Ahmad Syafii Maarif. Data collection techniques are done through a discourse analysis and interview approach. The results of this study indicate that the figure of Buya Syafii Maarif runs moderate Islamic da'wah activities or persuasive Islamic da'wah by interpreting makruf as something known and accepted by reason and by the public. while evil is something that is rejected by common sense. Syafii Maarif's moderate da'wah activities were conceptualized into three main Islamic ideas, namely Islam, humanity, and Indonesian-ness. Ahmad Syafii Maarif consistently carried out persuasive and rational Islamic da'wah, not intimidation propaganda. Besides, the existence of the Maarif Institute aims to smooth activities to voice his thoughts about the teachings of Islam so that the character and characteristics of moderate Indonesian Islam are socialized.Penelitian ini bertujuan meneropong aktivitas dakwah Ahmad Syafii Maarif sebagai manifestasi moderasi Islam dalam bingkai kemanusiaan dan keindonesiaan. Ahmad Syafii Maarif dalam berbagai gagasannya selalu menampilkan potret Islam di Indonesia yang inklusif dan toleran. Dimana konstrusi dakwah Islam didasarkan pada doktrin Islam sebagai agama pencerahan yang rahmatan lil alamin. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kepustakaan dengan mengkaji berbagai gagasan Ahmad Syafii Maarif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pendekatan analisis wacana dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sosok Buya Syafii Maarif menjalankan aktivitas dakwah Islam moderat atau dakwah Islam persuasif dengan memaknai makruf sebagai sesuatu yang dikenal dan diterima oleh akal maupun oleh masyarakat. sedangkan munkar adalah sesuatu yang ditolak oleh akal sehat. Aktivitas dakwah moderat Syafii Maarif dikonsepsikan ke dalam tiga gagasan keislaman utama, yakni keislaman, kemanusiaan dan keindonesiaan. Ahmad Syafii Maarif konsisten melakukan dakwah Islam persuasif dan rasional, bukan dakwah intimidatif. Selain itu, keberadaan Maarif Institute bertujuan untuk kelancaran kegiatan menyuarakan pemikirannya tentang ajaran Islam sehingga tersosialisasikannya watak dan ciri khas Islam Indonesia yang moderat.

scholarly journals The Discursive Mechanisms of Nigerianisms and “Trancultured” Identities in Mary Specht’s Migratory Animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Romanus Aboh ◽  
Chuka Fred Ononye
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Multiple Selves ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Transcultural Identity ◽  
Semantic Shift ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Linguistic Backgrounds

The study of literary texts from the purely formal-sentence linguistics is less helpful because it undermines contextual effects on the use of language in literature. Discourse analysis, unlike formal sentence-level linguistics, is more robust in its analysis of literary texts since it provides insights into how sociocultural and historical factors influence, to a large extent, writers’ use of language. Against this backdrop, we examine Mary Specht’s use of “Nigerianisms” in her novel, Migratory Animals (Migratory), to account for the context-specific ways through which language has been used, and how these articulate transcultural identity. The analysis draws deeply from the theoretical provisions of literary discourse analysis (LDA), a branch of discourse analysis devoted to the analysis of literary texts. From the analysis, three major forms of Nigerianisms which play up specific transcultured identities have been identified: code-switching, semantic shift/extension and Nigerian pidgin (NP) expressions. Code-switching, for example, allows characters in Migratory to switch from one code to another, thereby providing information about their “multiple” selves. By broadening different communicative contexts, semantic extension transforms the characters’ settings, drawing attention to their fragmented identities. Through NP expressions, Specht showcases the different linguistic backgrounds manifest in the English community in the text, which reflects the different the socio-cultural identities in Nigeria. From these, we argue that Specht’s use of “Nigerianisms” in her novel discursively depicts the present reality of existence – people’s “transcultured selves”. Hence, Nigerianisms are exquisite examples of how contextualised uses of language reveal the very polygonal cultural existence of humanity.

scholarly journals China’s Regional Policy, Poverty and the Ethnic Question

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emile Kok-Kheng Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Minority Policies

While China’s reforms have been successful in giving many people higher incomes and producing more goods and services, they also led to increasingly acute inequality in income and wealth among the populace. From one of the world’s most egalitarian societies in the 1970s, today China has turned into one of the most unequal countries in the region and even among developing countries in general. While China’s alleviation of poverty has been nothing less than remarkable and seems to have greatly exceeded Target 1 of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), yet ‘Impoverished China’ was still observed to be among the 10 largest ‘countries’ in the world. Furthermore, as the geographical correlation of ethnic minority distribution and poverty population distribution is unmistakable, reflecting the composite phenomenon made up of rural poverty, regional poverty and ethnic poverty, ethnoregionalization of poverty may present China not only with economic challenges but also long-term sociopolitical uncertainties. While the issue of poverty in China has a strong regional dimension, the size of China both demographically and geographically has led to the fact that her regional policy is always overshadowed by a host of complex interlinked socioeconomic, political, ethnic, territorial and historical factors. This paper analyzes the issue of poverty in China as a multi-faceted phenomenon, sees poverty alleviation as inevitably linked to the country’s regional and minority policies, and as such, argues for a stronger emphasis on the elements of decentralization and localization.

Representing Ancestor Worship as "Non-Religious": Hosoki Kazuko's Divination in the Post-Aum Era

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Dorman
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Ancestor Worship ◽  
Shared Meanings ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Widespread Belief

Hosoki Kazuko, a popular fortune-teller, is one of the most prominent figures in the Japanese media, including television, books, and magazines. She is a prodigious author whose enormous sales of divination books (uranari hon) are the basis of her success. In some of these books, Hosoki discusses ancestor worship and associated rituals in connection with her form of divination, rokusei senjutsu (six-star astrology). Despite the widespread belief that such rituals have some connection to religion, Hosoki explicitly states that ancestor worship is "non-religious." I argue that Hosoki's representations draw on shared meanings about ancestor worship in combination with other Confucianbased notions in order to present her form of divination as common sense that should come naturally to all Japanese. Hosoki's statements can be viewed in the context of historical factors behind the idea many Japanese hold that they lack religious belief (mushûûkyôô) in addition to the deteriorating image of religion in general in the post-Aum era.

scholarly journals CERPEN "MATINYA SEORANG PENARI TELANJANG" KARYA SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SLAVOJ ŽIŽEK

Aksara ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zamzuri
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Slavoj Zizek ◽  
Slavoj Žižek

AbstrakMasalah penelitian ini berkaitan dengan subjek. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pergerakan subjek dalam cerita pendek Matinya Seorang Penari Telanjang karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori subjek Slavoj Žižek. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan, antar lain 1) penentuan objek material dan objek formal penelitian. Objek material penelitian ini adalah cerita pendek Matinya Seorang Penari Telanjang karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma. Sementara, objek formal penelitian berkaitan dengan subjek Žižekian; 2) melakukan pengumpulan data melalui tahapan membaca cerita pendek secara berulang-ulang untuk memahami cerita, mengumpulkan data dengan model simak terhadap kata, kalimat, dan paragraf, yang berkaitan dengan subjek Žižekian; Setelah tahap pengumpulan data, tahap berikutnya adalah analisis data. Pada tahap analisis, data akan dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis (critical discourse analysis), yakni analisis dengan menggunakan seluruh perangkat kebahasaan dan menghubungkan data temuan dengan kerangka teoritik Slavoj Žižek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek melakukan tindakan radikal berupa menjadi stripper (penari telanjang) yang secara common sense itu melawan dimensi simbolik atau sosial. Selanjutnya, subjek mengalami lack dan mengejar yang imajiner sehingga subjek mengalamai sinis, yaitu tahu begitu salah, tetapi pura-pura tidak tahu bahwa itu salah, dan kynicism, yaitu menolak simbolik kampungan melalui ironi dan sarkasme. Terakhir, subjek pada akhirnya tidak mampu melawan yang simbolik.

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