scholarly journals P.135 Epidemiology of spine infection in patients with history of IV drug use and HIV infection. Possibility of the secondary prevention

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S51-S51
Author(s):  
K Meguro ◽  
R Meili ◽  
B Pirlot ◽  
U Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Epidural Abscess ◽  
Spine Infection ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Iv Drug Use

Background: One of the major risk factors for spine infection is IV drug use and HIV infection. An increase in these risk factors has coincided with increased rates of spinal infection in Saskatchewan. However, the exact incidence and the clinical significance of spine infection associated with high-risk behavior is poorly understood. Methods: A retrospective review was completed for adult patients with discitis, osteomyelitis, or epidural abscess admitted to the Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan over the last eight years. Results: This study included 176 patients consisting of 41% with discitis, 69% with osteomyelitis and 45% with epidural abscess. Overall mortality was 3% and 16% of patients developed severe disability.40% of patients were intravenous drug users, 45% were hepatitis C positive and 12% were HIV positive. For the initial four years of our study we experienced 72 patients. We experienced 91 cases over the past four years. Geographical analysis showed high incidence areas within the city of Saskatoon. Conclusions: High rates of IV drug use, Hepatitis C, and HIV have important implications in terms of what measures would assist in prevention of this condition. Secondary prevention or early identification of patients may reduce the number of patients who require lengthy admission, surgery and long term care for disablity.

The diagnosis of hepatitis C in a semi-rural genitourinary medicine clinic

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 847-849
Author(s):  
A R Markos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Routine Test ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genitourinary Medicine

A retrospective casenote study was conducted to examine the risk factors for patients who were diagnosed as hepatitis C (HCV)-positive (between 1999 and 2001) in a semi-rural genitourinary medicine (GUM) setting in Staffordshire, UK. There was a remarkable escalation in the number of reported HCV-positive cases, year on year, in our study. The majority of the positive cases (20/21) gave a history of previous intravenous drug use (IVDU). The incidence of other sexually transmitted infections were reportedly high in our HCV-positive patients. The increasing number of reported HCV-positive cases in the GUM clinic of the semirural Staffordshire setting, may reflect a national pattern that needs further investigations. We advise that HCV serology should be offered to GUM clients (who have a history of IVDU), and to their sex partners. They should also be advised to take tests to exclude other STDs. The case for offering HCV serology as a routine test for patients who request 'the exclusion of STDs' is still undecided.

scholarly journals Injection Drug Use and Hepatitis C as Risk Factors for Mortality in HIV-Infected Individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret T. May ◽  
Amy C. Justice ◽  
Kate Birnie ◽  
Suzanne M. Ingle ◽  
Colette Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug

scholarly journals Risk factors for TB and HIV coinfection in Scotland, 2001 to 2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
E McDonald ◽  
Alison Smith-Palmer ◽  
L A Wallace ◽  
O Blatchford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Black African ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Node Involvement

The number of patients with tuberculosis (TB) increased steadily in Scotland between 2005 and 2010. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been a contributory factor to increases in TB in a number of comparable industrialised countries. This study investigated the extent of, and risk factors for, TB and HIV coinfection in Scotland from 2001 to 2010. Patients with TB in the national TB database were linked to those in the national HIV database using probabilistic data linkage. Patient records were anonymised to maintain confidentiality. From 2001 to 2010, 106/4,097 (2.6%, 95% CI: 2.1 to 3.1) TB patients matched with HIV patients, equating to a 10-year incidence of 2.1 cases per million population. Patients with both TB and HIV were more often born outside the United Kingdom, were of black African ethnicity, had refugee status and had extra-thoracic lymph node involvement or cryptic/disseminated TB disease. Individuals with TB and HIV coinfection were younger and symptomatic for a shorter time before their diagnosis of TB, compared with TB patients without HIV. TB and HIV coinfection was relatively uncommon in Scotland in the study period. Clinicians should recognise the potential for HIV infection among TB patients and the importance of offering an HIV test to all TB patients.

scholarly journals Routine Screening and Linkage to Care for Hepatitis C Virus in an Urban Safety-Net Health System, 2017-2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 003335492096917
Author(s):  
Bijou R. Hunt ◽  
Christopher Ahmed ◽  
Kimberly Ramirez-Mercado ◽  
Christopher Patron ◽  
Nancy R. Glick
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Health System ◽  
Patient Navigation ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Urban Safety ◽  
Hcv Screening

Objective Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major threat to public health in the United States. We describe and evaluate an HCV screening and linkage-to-care program, including emergency department, inpatient, and outpatient settings, in an urban safety-net health system in Chicago. Methods Sinai Health System implemented a universal HCV screening program in September 2016 that offered patient navigation services (ie, linkage to care) to patients with a positive result for HCV on an RNA test. We collected data from February 1, 2017, through January 31, 2019, on patient demographic characteristics, risk factors, and various outcomes (eg, number of patients screened, test results, proportions of new diagnoses, number of patients eligible for patient navigation services, and proportion of patients who attended their first medical appointment). We also examined outcomes by patients’ knowledge of infection. Results Of 21 018 people screened for HCV, 6% (1318/21 018) had positive test results for HCV antibody, 68% (878/1293) of whom had positive HCV RNA test results. Of these 878 patients, 68% were born during 1945-1965, 68% were male, 65% were Black, 19% were Latino, 55% were newly diagnosed, and 64% were eligible for patient navigation services. Risk factors included past or current drug use (53%), unemployment (30%), and ever incarcerated (21%). Of 562 patients eligible for navigation services, 281 (50%) were navigated to imaging services, and 203 (72%) patients who completed imaging attended their first medical appointment. Conclusion Patient navigation played a critical role in linkage success, but securing stable, long-term financial support for patient navigators is a challenge.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV infection in inmates with history of injection drug use and evaluation of risk factors, in Isfahan, Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1(Suppl)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Dibaj ◽  
Behrooz Ataei ◽  
Majid Yaran ◽  
Zary Nokhodian ◽  
Katayoon Tayeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals HIV screening and retention in care in people who use drugs in Madrid, Spain: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Ryan ◽  
Jorge Valencia ◽  
Guillermo Cuevas ◽  
Jesús Troya ◽  
Juan Torres-Macho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Retention In Hiv Care ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background The burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in people who use drugs (PWUD) is significant. We aimed to screen HIV infection among PWUD and describe their retention in HIV care. Besides, we also screen for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among HIV-seropositive PWUD and describe their linkage to care. Methods We conducted a prospective study in 529 PWUD who visited the “Cañada Real Galiana” (Madrid, Spain). The study period was from June 1, 2017, to May 31, 2018. HIV diagnosis was performed with a rapid antibody screening test at the point-of-care (POC) and HCV diagnosis with immunoassay and PCR tests on dried blood spot (DBS) in a central laboratory. Positive PWUD were referred to the hospital. We used the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate, to compare rates between groups. Results Thirty-five (6.6%) participants were positive HIV antibodies, but 34 reported previous HIV diagnoses, and 27 (76%) had prior antiretroviral therapy. Among patients with a positive HIV antibody test, we also found a higher prevalence of homeless (P < 0.001) and injection drug use (PWID) (P < 0.001), and more decades of drug use (P = 0.002). All participants received HIV test results at the POC. Of the 35 HIV positives, 28 (80%) were retained in HIV medical care at the end of the HIV screening study (2018), and only 22 (62.9%) at the end of 2020. Moreover, 12/35 (34.3%) were positive for the HCV RNA test. Of the latter, 10/12 (83.3%) were contacted to deliver the HCV results test (delivery time of 19 days), 5/12 (41.7%) had an appointment and were attended at the hospital and started HCV therapy, and only 4/12 (33.3%) cleared HCV. Conclusions We found almost no new HIV-infected PWUD, but their cascade of HIV care was low and remains a challenge in this population at risk. The high frequency of active hepatitis C in HIV-infected PWUD reflects the need for HCV screening and reinforcing the link to care.

Availability of dental services for patients with blood-borne viruses

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Kellock ◽  
E M Carlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Universal Precautions ◽  
Dental Practitioners

Dental practitioners were surveyed, using a self-completed postal questionnaire, to assess their attitudes to managing patients with blood-borne viruses (BBV) and to identify dental services available for such patients in North Nottinghamshire. Questionnaires were completed by 79 (65.3%) of the 121 practitioners from 43 (82.7%) of the 52 study practices. Previous BBV experience was reported by 44 (55.7%), 31 (39.2%), 20 (25.3%) respondents for hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, respectively. Over two-thirds would maintain existing patients with subsequently diagnosed BBV on their lists, approximately one-third would accept new BBV patients. Risk factors for BBV of homo/bisexuality and injecting drug use were not asked by 71 (89.9%) and 49 (62.0%) practitioners, respectively. Universal precautions were employed by 67 (84.8%) practitioners regardless of the patient's status and by seven practitioners for known BBV patients. The advice of the General Dental Council, British Dental Association, and the use of universal precautions are discussed.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV infection among Egyptian prisoners: Seroprevalence, risk factors and related chronic liver diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala I. Mohamed ◽  
Zienab M. Saad ◽  
Ehab M. Abd-Elreheem ◽  
Wael M. Abd-ElGhany ◽  
Mohamed S. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases
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