scholarly journals LO46: Lost to follow-up post-sexual and domestic assault: An evaluation of prevalence and correlates of cases presenting to the emergency department

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S24
Author(s):  
F. Blaskovits ◽  
K. Muldoon ◽  
A. Drumm ◽  
T. Leach ◽  
M. Heimerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Domestic Assault ◽  
Sexual Assault Survivors ◽  
Mental Health Functioning ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Domestic violence (DV) and sexual assault (SA), together called sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), are traumatic and life-changing events. Post-assault follow-up care is essential for survivor recovery through medical care, mental health functioning, and injury reassessment. The objective of this analysis was to determine the frequency of loss to follow-up (LTFU) in a SGBV population, and the characteristics most commonly associated with LTFU. Methods: The Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program (SAPACP) is the only Ottawa program for emergency/forensic care. Demographic and assault characteristics were abstracted from the SAPACP clinical case registry (1 Jan 2015 to 20 Dec 2017). Descriptive analyses and bivariable/multivariable logistic regression modelling assessed factors most strongly associated with LTFU using odds ratios (OR), adjusted OR (AOR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Among 894 initial SAPACP visits, 482 (53.9%) were LTFU. Of those LTFU, 445 (92.3%) were female, 185 (38.4%) arrived by ambulance, 284 presented acutely (58.9%), 70 (14.5%) had substance use issues, and 82 (17.0%) were re-victimized. There were 229 (47.5%) sexual assaults, 201 (41.7%) physical assaults, and 92 (19.1%) verbal assaults. LTFU patients were more likely to arrive by ambulance (AOR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.34-2.69), experience re-victimization (AOR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.25-3.03), and have a substance use disorder (AOR: 1.67, 95% CI:1.02-2.73). Those more likely to attend follow-up included sexual assault survivors (AOR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.27-0.50) and acute presenters (AOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.44-0.78). Conclusion: Over half of patients arriving for initial SAPACP visits did not follow-up. LTFU was more likely among cases that arrived by ambulance, and those involving revicitimization or substance use disorders. Follow-up is critical for maintaining mental and physical health post-trauma. While some characteristics increased follow-up likelihood, this study has identified groups that need attention to reduce LTFU.

scholarly journals MP07: Rate of return: prevalence and correlates of revictimization among sexual and domestic assault cases presenting to the emergency department

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S42-S42
Author(s):  
A. Drumm ◽  
K. Muldoon ◽  
F. Blaskovits ◽  
T. Leach ◽  
M. Heimerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Domestic Assault ◽  
Ottawa Hospital ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Patients At Risk

Introduction: Many survivors of sexual and domestic assault return to violent environments following post-assault care. The objective of this study was to estimate the annual prevalence of revictimization and examine factors associated with return emergency department (ED) visits following their initial encounter for sexual or domestic assault. Methods: The Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program (SAPACP) at The Ottawa Hospital is the only program in Ottawa offering emergency and forensic care for survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence. Information on demographics, assailant characteristics and clinical presentation were extracted from the SAPACP case registry (January 1 2015- January 31 2016). We conducted descriptive analyses to describe the study sample, and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression modelling to assess factors most strongly associated with revictimization using odds ratios (OR), adjusted OR (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Among 377 unique patients seen at the SAPACP, there were 409 encounters for sexual and domestic violence. There were 24 revictimization cases (6.4%) with the number of repeat visits ranging from 2-6. There were 343 (91.0%) female patients and 182 (48.3) under the age of 25. There were 243 (64.5%) sexual assaults, 125 (33.2%) physical assaults, and 42 (11.1%) verbal assaults. Compared to patients who presented once, revictimized patients were more likely to have experienced violence from a current or former intimate partner (AOR:3.02, 95% CI:1.24-7.34), have a substance use disorder (AOR:5.57, 95% CI:2.11-14.68), and were more likely to be taking anti-depressants (AOR:3.34, 95% CI:1.39-8.01). Conclusion: This study has identified a high prevalence of revictimization, with some clients being revictimized as many as 6 subsequent times. Key factors to help identify patients at risk of revictimization are assaults by intimate partners, having substance use problems, and being on antidepressants. Reducing revictimization and preventing further violence is a critical component of care to ensure survivors are safe following their ED encounter.

Geographies of Sexual Assault: A Spatial Analyses to Identify Neighborhoods Affected by Sexual and Gender-Based Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051985117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Muldoon ◽  
Lindsay Galway ◽  
Allegra Reeves ◽  
Tara Leach ◽  
Melissa Heimerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Sexual Violence and the Politics of Forgiveness in Guinea

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomi Dave
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

This chapter examines the limits of musical activism by considering some of the varied ways in which music has addressed women’s rights and gender-based violence in Guinea. It centers around the case of a young Guinean rapper who was recently charged with sexual assault, and whose case generated intense criticism from feminist activists and intense support from his fans. The chapter considers two songs closely connected to the case: one that calls for an end to violence against women, and one that calls on women to forgive him. These two songs seem to reflect radically divergent views on gender-based violence. But they are both linked to an underlying ambivalence about women’s rights on the behalf of musicians, audiences, and the state. Survivors of sexual violence are absent in both cases, erased by a politics of forgiveness that calls on them to forget and to be forgotten.

scholarly journals Association of Substance Use and Gender Based Violence among Students in a Tertiary Institution in Kakamega County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p39
Author(s):  
Otambo P ◽  
Mbui J. ◽  
Ongeri L. ◽  
Kokonya D.
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
College And University ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Background: Substance use among college and university students remains an important area of research due to the implications of early substance dependence on the future of the youth. Prior studies from various settings indicate relatively high rates of substance use among students in tertiary educational institutions. However most of these studies were based on tertiary institutions in urban settings, and few have examined substance use and its association with Gender based violence. Objective: Study aim was to establish the prevalence and factors associated with substance abuse among students, and their relationship with Gender Based Violence in a tertiary institution in a relatively rural setting. Methods: The study was conducted in November 2018 after obtaining the relevant approval from KEMRI and from the university administration. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect the data. Quantitative data was collected using self-reported questionnaires across all the faculties among first to fourth year students. Focus group discussions were held with a group of students and Key informant interviews were also held with the institutional administrators and student leaders. Results: A total of 412 university students completed the questionnaires. Majority were males at 57.9% and average age was 21 years. The overall prevalence of substance use was 21.1% and the most commonly used substance was alcohol at 25%. The study found out that 90% of the participants had their first time use of substances between ages of 12-20 years with median age of 18 years.

Photos from the Quarter

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Keyword(s):  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Israeli Occupation

This sample of photos from 16 August–15 November 2019 aims to convey a sense of Palestinian life during this quarter. The images capture Palestinians across the diaspora as they fight to exercise their rights: to run for office, to vote, and to protest both Israeli occupation and gender-based violence.

THE SINS OF THE FATHER: GENDER- BASED VIOLENCE IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Snodgrass
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black Women ◽  
South African ◽  
African Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
South African Women

This article explores the complexities of gender-based violence in post-apartheid South Africa and interrogates the socio-political issues at the intersection of class, ‘race’ and gender, which impact South African women. Gender equality is up against a powerful enemy in societies with strong patriarchal traditions such as South Africa, where women of all ‘races’ and cultures have been oppressed, exploited and kept in positions of subservience for generations. In South Africa, where sexism and racism intersect, black women as a group have suffered the major brunt of this discrimination and are at the receiving end of extreme violence. South Africa’s gender-based violence is fuelled historically by the ideologies of apartheid (racism) and patriarchy (sexism), which are symbiotically premised on systemic humiliation that devalues and debases whole groups of people and renders them inferior. It is further argued that the current neo-patriarchal backlash in South Africa foments and sustains the subjugation of women and casts them as both victims and perpetuators of pervasive patriarchal values.

scholarly journals Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054896
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Kamila Janmohamed ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Laura Forastiere ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally—including some with attention to HIV—none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes.MethodsA scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies.ResultsWe found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women’s sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionsSexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate.

scholarly journals Custody and Care of Children in Spain: Can the Two Rights be Reconciled?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Jabbaz Churba
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Children’S Voices ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study aims to analyse the legal decision-making process in the Community of Valencia (Spain) regarding contentious divorces particularly with respect to parental authority (patria potestas), custody and visiting arrangements for children, and the opinions of mothers and fathers on the impact these judicial measures have had on their lives. It also considers the biases in these decisions produced by privileging the rights of the adults over those of the children. Three particular moments are studied: (1) the situation before the break-up, focusing on the invisible gender gap in care; (2) the judicial process, where we observe the impact of hidden gender-based violence and gender stereotypes; and (3) the situation post-decision, showing how any existing violence continues after divorce, by means of parental authority. The concept of ‘motherhood under threat’ is placed at the centre of these issues, where children’s voices are given the least attention.

Gendered dimensions of health in refugee situations: An examination of sexual and gender-based violence faced by refugee women in Nakivale refugee settlement, Uganda

2021 ◽  
pp. 002087282110039
Author(s):  
Hadijah Mwenyango
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

This article analyses the interplay between women’s social identity, migration and manifestation of sexual and gender-based violence. The research used mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings show experiences of domestic, sexual, community and survival violence. Their predicaments are exacerbated by socio-cultural and structural influences, and despite commitments for protecting refugees, more has to be done to meet the needs of victims. The article reveals the urgency for the adoption of gender-responsive and rights-based approaches in refugee interventions. The capacity of frontline workers must be enhanced to detect violence, appreciate the needs and rights of victims and provide appropriate support.

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