scholarly journals P062: The feasibility of pertussis immunization in a Canadian emergency department

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S79-S79 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hansen ◽  
A. K. Sibley ◽  
M. MacSwain ◽  
H. Morrison ◽  
C. Rowswell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Tdap Vaccine ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Triage Time

Introduction: Despite clear health benefits, and Public Health Agency of Canada recommendations, vaccination rates among Canadian adults are low. Frequent patient contacts, wait times, and the availability of trained staff make the emergency department (ED) a potential location to target specific populations and administer vaccinations. We evaluated the feasibility of two strategies to administer the Tdap vaccine to adult patients presenting to a single referral ED. Methods: Two immunization strategies and a control group were randomly ordered from one to three. Data collection for group one started on study day one with data collection for groups two and three on study days two and three respectively. This sequence was repeated over 15 consecutive weekdays (Monday-Friday, 0730-1530), evenly assigning each group to 5 different days. On intervention days, adult patients were screened during the triage process for eligibility to receive the Tdap vaccine. An ED based (EDB) strategy offered patients vaccination during that visit. The second strategy offered eligible patients a public health referral (PHR) to receive the vaccine at a later date. On all study days, patient triage times (TT), as well as markers of ED efficiency (number of patient registrations, time to physician, length of stay, left without being seen, number of admissions, number of boarded patients) were recorded. Results: The primary outcome, the proportion of eligible adults immunized, was significantly higher at 66% (n=81) for the EDB strategy (228 screened, 122 eligible), compared with 21% (n=20) for the PHR strategy (217 screened, 94 eligible; x2 (2, n=216)=43.41, p<0.00001). In addition, 10 participants in the PHR group received a second vaccine (Pneumococcal (7), Influenza (2), Human Papillomavirus (1)). Reasons for vaccine ineligibility included having an up-to-date Tdap (EDB n=47 (21%), PHR n=46 (21%)) and being considered in too much distress by the triage nurse (EDB n=26 (11%), PHR n=19 (9%)). Triage time was less for the control group (M=5:55 [mins:secs], SD=2:48) than for the EDB (M=6:47, SD=3:12) and PHR (M=7:25, SD=2:45) strategies. Conclusion: An ED based screening and immunization strategy was highly effective in providing eligible adult patients with the Tdap vaccine. A resulting small increase in triage time was not clinically significant. Further studies are required to generalize these results.

scholarly journals Willingness of Greek general population to get a COVID-19 vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Kourlaba ◽  
Eleni Kourkouni ◽  
Stefania Maistreli ◽  
Christina-Grammatiki Tsopela ◽  
Nafsika-Maria Molocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Epidemiological data indicate that a large part of population needs to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. Hence, it is of high importance for public health officials to know whether people are going to get vaccinated for COVID-19. The objective of the present study was to examine the willingness of adult residents in Greece to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A cross-sectional was survey conducted among the adult general population of Greece between April 28, 2020 to May 03, 2020 (last week of lockdown), using a mixed methodology for data collection: Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and Computer Assisted web Interviewing (CAWI). Using a sample size calculator, the target sample size was found to be around 1000 respondents. To ensure a nationally representative sample of the urban/rural population according to the Greek census 2011, a proportionate stratified by region systematic sampling procedure was used to recruit particpants. Data collection was guided through a structured questionnaire. Regarding willingness to COVID-19 vaccination, participants were asked to answer the following question: “If there was a vaccine available for the novel coronavirus, would you do it?” Results Of 1004 respondents only 57.7% stated that they are going to get vaccinated for COVID-19. Respondents aged > 65 years old, those who either themselves or a member of their household belonged to a vulnerable group, those believing that the COVID-19 virus was not developed in laboratories by humans, those believing that coronavirus is far more contagious and lethal compared to the H1N1 virus, and those believing that next waves are coming were statistically significantly more likely to be willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Higher knowledge score regarding symptoms, transmission routes and prevention and control measures against COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher willingness of respondents to get vaccinated. Conclusion A significant proportion of individuals in the general population are unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, stressing the need for public health officials to take immediate awareness-raising measures.

Journaling among home care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A promising method for qualitative data collection

2021 ◽  
pp. 147332502110648
Author(s):  
Julia I Bandini ◽  
Julia Rollison ◽  
Jason Etchegaray
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Home Care Workers

Qualitative methods that capture individual lived experiences throughout rapidly changing circumstances are particularly important during public health emergencies. The COVID-19 pandemic has put home care workers at risk as they provide vital services in homes to individuals with chronic conditions or disabilities. Using a 6-week journaling process in which we enrolled participants at different points, we sought to examine experiences of home care workers ( n = 47) in the United States in New York and Michigan during April–July 2020 of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our methods for data collection and analysis were guided by a general qualitative approach as we aimed to examine the weekly perspectives and lived experiences of home care workers. We asked individuals to respond to our journaling prompts weekly to capture their reflections in “real time.” To better understand home care workers’ perspectives on journaling and the broader external context in which they provided care, we triangulated our data with interviews with home care workers ( n = 19) and home health agency representatives ( n = 9). We explored the feasibility of a rolling journaling process during an unprecedented public health emergency, characterized by rapid changes and uncertainty in day-to-day life, and reflect on lessons learned to guide future research on journaling for data collection, particularly for marginalized workers during public health crises, when events are evolving rapidly.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards vaccines and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis—implications for public health communications in Australia

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e057127
Author(s):  
Joanne Enticott ◽  
Jaskirath Singh Gill ◽  
Simon L. Bacon ◽  
Kim L. Lavoie ◽  
Daniel S. Epstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Disadvantaged Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Vaccine Confidence ◽  
To Receive

ObjectiveTo examine SARS-CoV-2 vaccine confidence, attitudes and intentions in Australian adults as part of the iCARE Study.Design and settingCross-sectional online survey conducted when free COVID-19 vaccinations first became available in Australia in February 2021.ParticipantsTotal of 1166 Australians from general population aged 18–90 years (mean 52, SD of 19).Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome: responses to question ‘If a vaccine for COVID-19 were available today, what is the likelihood that you would get vaccinated?’.Secondary outcome: analyses of putative drivers of uptake, including vaccine confidence, socioeconomic status and sources of trust, derived from multiple survey questions.ResultsSeventy-eight per cent reported being likely to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Higher SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions were associated with: increasing age (OR: 2.01 (95% CI 1.77 to 2.77)), being male (1.37 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.72)), residing in least disadvantaged area quintile (2.27 (95% CI 1.53 to 3.37)) and a self-perceived high risk of getting COVID-19 (1.52 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.14)). However, 72% did not believe they were at a high risk of getting COVID-19. Findings regarding vaccines in general were similar except there were no sex differences. For both the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and vaccines in general, there were no differences in intentions to vaccinate as a function of education level, perceived income level and rurality. Knowing that the vaccine is safe and effective and that getting vaccinated will protect others, trusting the company that made it and vaccination recommended by a doctor were reported to influence a large proportion of the study cohort to uptake the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Seventy-eight per cent reported the intent to continue engaging in virus-protecting behaviours (mask wearing, social distancing, etc) postvaccine.ConclusionsMost Australians are likely to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Key influencing factors identified (eg, knowing vaccine is safe and effective, and doctor’s recommendation to get vaccinated) can inform public health messaging to enhance vaccination rates.

scholarly journals Evidence synthesis - The opioid crisis in Canada: a national perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 224-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Belzak ◽  
Jessica Halverson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Opioid Crisis ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Reported Data

Introduction This review provides a national summary of what is currently known about the Canadian opioid crisis with respect to opioid-related deaths and harms and potential risk factors as of December 2017. Methods We reviewed all public-facing opioid-related surveillance or epidemiological reports published by provincial and territorial ministries of health and chief coroners’ or medical examiners’ offices. In addition, we reviewed publications from federal partners and reports and articles published prior to December 2017. We synthesized the evidence by comparing provincial and territorial opioid-related mortality and morbidity rates with the national rates to look for regional trends. Results The opioid crisis has affected every region of the country, although some jurisdictions have been impacted more than others. As of 2016, apparent opioid-related deaths and hospitalization rates were highest in the western provinces of British Columbia and Alberta and in both Yukon and the Northwest Territories. Nationally, most apparent opioid-related deaths occurred among males; individuals between 30 and 39 years of age accounted for the greatest proportion. Current evidence suggests regional age and sex differences with respect to health outcomes, especially when synthetic opioids are involved. However, differences between data collection methods and reporting requirements may impact the interpretation and comparability of reported data. Conclusion This report identifies gaps in evidence and areas for further investigation to improve our understanding of the national opioid crisis. The Public Health Agency of Canada will continue to work closely with the provinces, territories and national partners to further refine and standardize national data collection, conduct special studies and expand information-sharing to improve the evidence needed to inform public health action and prevent opioid-related deaths and harms.

Impact of a Disaster Drill on Waiting Times in a Pediatric Emergency Department

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Silvia Asenjo ◽  
Aitor López-González ◽  
David Muñoz-Santanach ◽  
Victoria Trenchs ◽  
Carles Luaces ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Pediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Real Patients ◽  
Triage Level ◽  
Triage Time

Abstract Objective: Emergency departments should improve their preparedness for mass casualty incidents (MCIs) through periodic drills. These exercises are conducted while maintaining regular care. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a disaster drill in a pediatric emergency department (PED) on real patients’ waiting times. Methods: On September 10, 2019, a 4-h disaster drill was conducted in the PED of a tertiary pediatric hospital, with minimal staff reinforcement (2 nurses). Cases were real patients that came to the PED during the drill. The patients that visited the PED the day before were the control group. Variables analyzed were: age, sex, destination, triage level, time-to-triage, time-to-physician, length of PED stay, and percentage of patients visited within the optimal time according to triage level. Results: Sixty-eight patients (case group) and 63 patients (control group) were analyzed; both groups were comparable except for the median age. There were no differences in time-to-triage, time-to-physician, and length of PED stay between the 2 groups. The percentage of patients visited within optimal time according to triage level was higher in the case group. Conclusions: Conducting an MCI drill in the PED, with minimal staff reinforcement, was not detrimental to real patients’ waiting times.

scholarly journals At-a-glance - Emergency department surveillance of thermal burns and scalds, electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Crain ◽  
Steven McFaull ◽  
Deepa Rao ◽  
Minh Do ◽  
Wendy Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Injury Reporting ◽  
Over Time

Introduction Although fatality and hospitalization rates for burns in Canada have declined over time, less serious cases still commonly present to the emergency department (ED). Methods The Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) is an injury and poisoning surveillance system administered by the Public Health Agency of Canada, operating in emergency departments of 17 hospitals. Results Overall, cases reported in 2013 were scalds and contact burns from hot objects. The leading direct causes of scalds were hot beverages and hot water. The leading causes of contact burns were stoves/ovens and fireplaces/accessories. While the overall proportion of burns was highest among females, males comprised a higher proportion of burns from all mechanisms except scalds.

scholarly journals Tennessee's 3-Star Report: Using Available Data Systems to Reduce Missed Opportunities to Vaccinate Preteens

2016 ◽  
Vol 8s2 ◽  
pp. BII.S40207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Moore ◽  
Melissa K. Fankhauser ◽  
Pamela C. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Local Health Departments ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Tdap Vaccine ◽  
Billing Management ◽  
Using Data ◽  
To Receive

All preteens should receive tetanus–diphtheria–pertussis vaccine (Tdap), quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (Men-ACWY), and the human papillomavirus (HPV) cancer vaccine series. In Tennessee, HPV vaccination rates have stagnated at low levels for a decade. Three fundamental strategies to reduce missed opportunities for immunization include administering all recommended vaccines at the same visit, making strong recommendations for vaccines, and auditing and feedback. In Tennessee, during each summer, a surge of preteens visit local health departments (LHDs) to receive a required Tdap vaccine before entering seventh grade, presenting an opportunity to administer Men-ACWY and HPV. The Tennessee Immunization Program (TIP) coined the term “3-Star visit” for such encounters and developed a monthly report to track them using data from the Patient Tracking Billing Management Information System (PTBMIS) used by LHDs across Tennessee. Implementation of this quality improvement report has correlated with a substantial increase in 3-Star visits from 2013 to 2016, particularly during the summer months.

Influenza vaccination 2021/22: why is it important?

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (Sup10) ◽  
pp. S10-S14
Author(s):  
Deborah Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Vaccination Rates

Each year during the months of September–March we vaccinate against influenza which is caused by the RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (influenza viruses) ( National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2020 ). There are two main types that cause a significant infection – influenza A and influenza B. Influenza A usually causes a more severe illness ( Public Health Agency (PHA), 2021 ). Influenza can be a mild self-limiting infection but in some at risk groups it can lead to increased morbidity or mortality. The World Health Organization (2021) recommends which viruses need to be included in influenza vaccines for the northern hemisphere flu seasons. Last year was the biggest NHS influenza vaccination programme ever, with a low incidence of recorded episodes of flu ( Public Health England (PHE) et al, 2021a ). This low level of cases of influenza is thought to be due to social-distancing, mask wearing, and increased handwashing ( Rubin, 2021 ). The reduction could also be due to the increased influenza vaccination rates, which reached a record high in 2020–2021 ( Jones, 2020 ; PHE et al, 2021b ). It is unclear what impact influenza will have this year. Nurses in general practice need to encourage all the preventative measures at their disposal.

scholarly journals Nursing workload in the emergency department: a methodological proposal

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (spe) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Rossetti ◽  
Raquel Rapone Gaidzinski ◽  
Fernanda Maria Togeiro Fugulin
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
General Public ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Nursing Workload ◽  
Methodological Research ◽  
Shock Room ◽  
Nursing Professionals

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to propose a methodology for identifying the nursing workload in the Emergency Department (ED). METHODS: this is methodological research, undertaken in a public general hospital in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, in the areas: triage, shock room, emergency room, suturing room, and medication/procedures for adult and pediatric patients rooms, using different strategies and instruments. Due to the characteristics of the data collection, distinct samples were obtained in each of the areas. RESULTS: The average daily workload, in hours, corresponded to: triage 48; shock room 30.9; emergency 170.6; observation of adult patients 293.6; observation of pediatric patients 108.7; medication/procedures in adult patients 175.5; medication/procedures in pediatric patients 60.4; and suturing 7.9. CONCLUSION: The instruments used for data collection were shown to be appropriate and made it possible to construct a methodological proposal for identification of workload of nursing professionals in E.D. in a general public hospital.

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

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