What Is a Pain in a Body Part?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Murat Aydede
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe International Association for the Study of Pain’s (IASP) definition of “pain” defines it as a subjective experience. The Note accompanying the definition emphasizes that, as such, pains are not to be identified with objective conditions of body parts (such as actual or potential tissue damage). Nevertheless, it goes on to state that a pain “is unquestionably a sensation in a part or parts of the body, but it is also always unpleasant and therefore also an emotional experience.” This generates a puzzle that philosophers have been well familiar with: how to understand our utterances and judgments attributing pain to body parts. (The puzzle is, of course, general extending to all sensations routinely located in body parts.) This work tackles this puzzle. I go over various options specifying the truth-conditions for pain-attributing judgments and, at the end, make my own recommendation which is an adverbialist, qualia-friendly proposal with completely naturalistic credentials that is also compatible with forms of weak intentionalism. The results are generalizable to other bodily sensations and can be used to illustrate, quite generally, the viability of a qualia-friendly adverbialist (but naturalist and weakly intentionalist) account of perception.

scholarly journals GABA RECEPTORS AND PAIN REGULATION

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Magnaghi ◽  
Marcella Motta
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tissue Injuries ◽  
Pain Regulation

Pain is an adaptive sensation that normally appears as a warning, activated in response to a damage of the organism. Pain serves to protect the organism to further tissue injuries. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defined pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” (see definition on the IASP homepage at www.iasp-pain.org). Pain can be generally divided into two categories, acute and chronic pain: acute pain is properly a sudden warning pain which signals that something is wrong in the body. If the cause is not removed acute pain may develop in chronic pain, which is persistent and debilitating.

Revised definition of pain by ‘International Association for the Study of Pain’: Concepts, challenges and compromises

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Ali Malik
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Key Words Pain ◽  
The World ◽  
Previous Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

A new definition of pain has been formalized and adopted by International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) in January 2020, which states that pain is “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that associated with actual or potential tissue damage”. It has been a result of a number of feedbacks from the pain physicians from around the world about their dissatisfaction about the previous definition. In this editorial the author endeavors to give his perspective on the concept of this definition, along with compromises made while incorporating this definition and challenges for future in the revising and updating it. But we must also acknowledge that this definition is a step in the right direction for considering pain as a disease, a standalone health condition, and not only a symptom.   Key words: Pain, concepts; Challenges; Pain, definition; IASP; Terminology   Citation: Malik NA Revised definition of pain by ‘International Association for the Study of Pain’: Concepts, challenges and compromises. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2020;24(5): Received: 20 June 2020, Reviewed: 24, 28 June 2020, Accepted: 1 July 2020

scholarly journals Bodily ownership and agency sensations in a natural state

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Souta Hidaka ◽  
Kyoshiro Sasaki ◽  
Toshikazu Kawagoe ◽  
Nobuko Asai ◽  
Wataru Teramoto
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Bodily Sensation ◽  
Bodily Sensations

AbstractOur bodily sensation is a fundamental cue for our self-consciousness. Whereas experimental studies have uncovered characteristics of bodily sensation, these studies investigated bodily sensations through manipulating bodily sensations to be apart from one’s own body and to be assigned to external, body-like objects. In order to capture our bodily sensation as it is, this questionnaire survey study explored the characteristics of bodily sensation using a large population-based sample (N = 580, comprising 20s to 70s age groups) without experimental manipulations. We focused on the sensations of ownership, the feeling of having a body part as one’s own, and agency, the feeling of controlling a body part by oneself, in multiple body parts (the eyes, ears, hands, legs, nose, and mouth). The ownership and agency sensations were positively related to each other in each body part. Interestingly, the agency sensation of the hands and legs had a positive relationship with the ownership sensations of the other body parts. We also found the 60s age group had a unique internal configuration, assessed by the similarity of rating scores, of the body parts for each bodily sensation. Our findings revealed the existence of unique characteristics for bodily sensations in a natural state.

scholarly journals "Dictionary" human anatomy: features of somatic lexis definition in dictionaries of the Ukrainian, Russian, Polish and English languages

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Part ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Functional Feature ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Visible Part ◽  
Cultural Feature ◽  
Definition Of

Somatic lexis, which includes the partitives – the names of the external parts of the body, has long been the subject of linguistic studies. The proposed research of the lexical meaning of partitives in dictionaries lies at the intersection of lexical semantics, psycholinguistics, and theoretical lexicography. The aim of this article is to analyze four groups of somatisms denoting the head, chest, waist and elbow, and to identify certain trends in their definition, as well as to describe the correlation between definitions and features of conceptualization of somatisms in the minds of native speakers. As research materials are the definitions selected from twelve dictionaries. The main method of research is the definitions analysis, which aims to identify their internal structure and content. The analysis has shown that the definitions of each of the four groups of somatisms do not have identical models of description; all definitions relating to the same part of the body differ in the number of descriptive features and their content. The definitions are dominated by perceptual features obtained by visual observation (shape, structure and localization of the body part); only some definitions have a structural and functional feature (the head contains the brain; the elbow is the place where the arm bends; the waist divides the body into upper and lower parts). The authors of some definitions rely on anatomical concepts that are redundant in dictionaries designed for ordinary speaker. Other illogical aspects of the definition of partitives have been also revealed, in particular the description of the visible part of the body through invisible (brain, bones), reference in definitions to a cultural feature (the waist is defined as the place where the belt is worn). Lexicographic description of the partitives also reveals some difficulties in categorizing of body parts.

Pain disorder

2012 ◽  
pp. 1029-1035
Author(s):  
Sidney Benjamin ◽  
Stella Morris
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Pain Disorder ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
System P ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Relationship Of

Persistent somatoform pain disorder is an ICD-10 diagnosis, which is included in the group of somatoform disorders. The term pain disorder is used in DSM-IV, and for convenience that is the term used here to refer to both classifications, unless a distinction needs to be made. This chapter aims to clarify the relationship of pain to mental disorders, the diagnosis of pain disorder and its differential diagnosis, and then considers how psychosocial factors contribute to pain, the treatments that stem from them, and the psychiatrist's potential contribution. Pain has been defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage’. ‘Pain’ is used here in this sense; it is not used primarily to indicate mental distress or anguish. As a perception, pain is essentially a subjective experience, and is directly accessible only to the patient. By contrast, tissue damage can be assessed by others, and its relationship with the subjective characteristics of pain have been shown to be variable, modulated by social and cultural experience, as well as within the central and peripheral nervous system.

scholarly journals MODERN VIEW OF DIAGNOSIS AND APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN IN CHILDREN WITH PARALYTIC SYNDROMES (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4(42)) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
N. Orlova ◽  
O. Riga
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pain Mechanisms

Over the past decades, more and more attention in medical science has been paid to the diagnosis and study of pain mechanisms in the pediatric population. According to experts in the field of chronic pain in children, it occurs in 12% of all pediatric patients, which negatively affects the quality of children’s life and life of their families. Today, a particularly important problem in most countries of the world is pain in children with paralytic syndromes of III - V level according to GMFCS. About 20-35% of children with paralytic syndromes suffer from chronic pain. Although there are means and knowledge on how to treat pain, children's pain is often not recognized, ignored, or even denied. More than 50% of children with paralytic syndromes suffer from moderate to severe pain daily and in several parts of the body. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as “an unpleasant, sensual, and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or perceived tissue damage. The inability to communicate verbally does not negate the possibility that the individual is in pain and needs appropriate analgesic treatment. Pain is always subjective ... ". Determining the type of pain helps to identify its cause, which can guide the choice of treatment. The main cause of pain in children includes acute nociceptive pain (ie pain caused by activation of peripheral nerve endings, including somatic and visceral pain), neuropathic pain (ie due to damage or dysfunction of the somatosensory system), psychosocial - spiritual - emotional pain. Chronic pain is a continuous or intermittent pain that lasts longer than the expected normal recovery period. Chronic pain can also occur and persist in the absence of a specific pathophysiology or medical condition. The expression of pain depends on a child's age, cognitive development and socio-cultural context.

What is Chronic Pain?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Pain Research ◽  
Definition Of

What is pain? The official definition of pain is “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.” This comes from the International Association for the Study of Pain, the world’s top pain research...

Maximizing Recall of Gruesome Images for Health Effects Advertising: An Experimental Investigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennen W. Mills ◽  
Owen B. J. Carter ◽  
Robert J. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Advertising Effectiveness ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Video Images ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this case study was to experimentally manipulate the impact on arousal and recall of two characteristics frequently occurring in gruesome depictions of body parts in smoking cessation advertisements: the presence or absence of an external physical insult to the body part depicted; whether or not the image contains a clear figure/ground demarcation. Three hundred participants (46% male, 54% female; mean age 27.3 years, SD = 11.4) participated in a two-stage online study wherein they viewed and responded to a series of gruesome 4-s video images. Seventy-two video clips were created to provide a sample of images across the two conditions: physical insult versus no insult and clear figure/ground demarcation versus merged or no clear figure/ground demarcation. In stage one, participants viewed a randomly ordered series of 36 video clips and rated how “confronting” they considered each to be. Seven days later (stage two), to test recall of each video image, participants viewed all 72 clips and were asked to identify those they had seen previously. Images containing a physical insult were consistently rated more confronting and were remembered more accurately than images with no physical insult. Images with a clear figure/ground demarcation were rated as no more confronting but were consistently recalled with greater accuracy than those with unclear figure/ground demarcation. Makers of gruesome health warning television advertisements should incorporate some form of physical insult and use a clear figure/ground demarcation to maximize image recall and subsequent potential advertising effectiveness.

Bodily Dasein and Chinese Script Components

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Tze-wan
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chinese Script ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Constitutive Principle ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn the Shuowen, one of the earliest comprehensive character dictionaries of ancient China, when discussing where the Chinese characters derive their structural components, Xu Shen proposed the dual constitutive principle of “adopting proximally from the human body, and distally from things around.” This dual emphasis of “body” and “things around” corresponds largely to the phenomenological issues of body or corporeality on the one hand, and lifeworld on the other. If we borrow Heidegger’s definition of Dasein as Being-in-the world, we can easily arrive at a reformulation of Xu Shen’s constitutive principle of the Chinese script as one that concerns “bodily Dasein.” By looking into various examples of script tokens we can further elaborate on how the Chinese make use not only of the body in general but various body parts, and how they differentiate their life world into material nature, living things, and a multifaceted world of equipment in forming a core basis of Chinese characters/components, upon which further symbolic manipulation such as “indication”, “phonetic borrowing”, semantic combination, and “annotative derivation”, etc. can be based. Finally, examples will be cited to show how in the Chinese scripts the human body (and its parts) might interact with other’s bodies (and their parts) or with “things around” (whether nature, living creatures, or artifacts) in various ways to cover the social, environmental, ritual, technical, economical, and even intellectual aspects of human experience. Bodily Dasein, so to speak, provides us with a new perspective of understanding and appreciating the entire scope of the Chinese script.

Cultural scripting of body parts for emotions

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix K. Ameka
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
African Language ◽  
Moving Body ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Red Eyes

Different languages present a variety of ways of talking about emotional experience. Very commonly, feelings are described through the use of ‘body image constructions’ in which they are associated with processes in, or states of, specific body parts. The emotions and the body parts that are thought to be their locus and the kind of activity associated with these body parts vary cross-culturally. This study focuses on the meaning of three ‘body image constructions’ used to describe feelings similar to, but also different from, English ‘jealousy’, ‘envy’, and ‘covetousness’ in the West African language Ewe. It is demonstrated that a ‘moving body’, a pychologised eye, and red eyes are scripted for these feelings. It is argued that the expressions are not figurative and that their semantics provide good clues to understanding the cultural construction of emotions both emotions and the body.

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