scholarly journals Behavioural and social sciences to enhance the efficacy of health promotion interventions: redesigning the role of professionals and people

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCESCA PENNUCCI ◽  
SABINA DE ROSIS ◽  
ANNA MARIA MURANTE ◽  
SABINA NUTI
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
Levers And Barriers

AbstractEvidence on the effectiveness of health promotion interventions is mixed, especially in terms of the magnitude of their impact and long-term adherence. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach informed by behavioural economics of developing behavioural change programmes, which is designed to educate, activate, engage and empower people by taking into consideration individual and social mechanisms. Three applied pilots and their results are presented in order to illustrate the approach using cognitive and social mechanisms to lead to better health outcomes, individually and community-wide. More research is needed to explore levers and barriers for the systemic adoption of this framework in implementing health promotion interventions.

The Phantom at The Opera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Tarrow
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Development ◽  
American Political Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Social

Movements and parties have given rise to two largely separates specialties in the social sciences. This Element is an effort to link the two literatures, using evidence from American political development. It identifies five relational mechanisms governing movement/party relations: two of them short term, two intermediate term, and one long-term. It closes with a reflection on the role of movement/party relations in democratization and for democratic resilience.

scholarly journals Stamping out disease: health education and promotion by miniature messengers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Postage Stamp ◽  
Media Advocacy ◽  
Health Promotion And Education ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Postage Stamps

<p><b>Abstract </b></p><p>This study explores the role of the ubiquitous postage stamp as a messenger of health promotion and education. It examines the way that postal material has been modified to act as a medium for health education, with images and texts appropriate to the specific health problems. The methodology used included a search for all postage stamps listed in established catalogues that fitted the described criterion. Selection for further study was drawn from those stamps that covered the topics of infection, immunisation, tobacco cessation, growth and nutrition. </p><p>It was clearly recognised that by simply presenting information on a stamp, would not necessarily bring about the desired behavioural change. Thus, the currently accepted health promotion models were examined to find an appropriate explanation for/ and a rationale to explain the use of postage stamp in health promotion and education. The strategy called “media advocacy” was the nearest best fit for the bulk of postage stamps carrying health information. This finding could explain why stamps have been perceived, over many years, as being a useful and successful element in health promotion and education by their frequent and continued use over a period of some fifty years. </p><p>Postage stamps are frequently used worldwide and have a clear role in carrying health information and thus play a small, but important and unique, role in the field of health promotion. </p>

scholarly journals Stamping out disease: health education and promotion by miniature messengers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Postage Stamp ◽  
Media Advocacy ◽  
Health Promotion And Education ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Postage Stamps

<p><b>Abstract </b></p><p>This study explores the role of the ubiquitous postage stamp as a messenger of health promotion and education. It examines the way that postal material has been modified to act as a medium for health education, with images and texts appropriate to the specific health problems. The methodology used included a search for all postage stamps listed in established catalogues that fitted the described criterion. Selection for further study was drawn from those stamps that covered the topics of infection, immunisation, tobacco cessation, growth and nutrition. </p><p>It was clearly recognised that by simply presenting information on a stamp, would not necessarily bring about the desired behavioural change. Thus, the currently accepted health promotion models were examined to find an appropriate explanation for/ and a rationale to explain the use of postage stamp in health promotion and education. The strategy called “media advocacy” was the nearest best fit for the bulk of postage stamps carrying health information. This finding could explain why stamps have been perceived, over many years, as being a useful and successful element in health promotion and education by their frequent and continued use over a period of some fifty years. </p><p>Postage stamps are frequently used worldwide and have a clear role in carrying health information and thus play a small, but important and unique, role in the field of health promotion. </p>

Context and the mechanisms in intersectoral school-based health promotion interventions: A critical interpretative synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 713-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave A Bergeron ◽  
Lise R Talbot ◽  
Isabelle Gaboury
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Sustainable Change ◽  
Programme Theory ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
School Based ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions

Introduction: School-based health promotion interventions (SHPI) have been introduced extensively over the last decades, but their implementation and evaluation still present challenges. Among these, the complexity of the environments in which SHPI are implemented, and intersectoral collaboration to promote more sustainable change, must be better addressed within evaluation processes. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (1) identify pertinent scientific literature on the implementation processes for intersectoral SHPI and (2) develop a programme theory that maps potential elements of context and underlying mechanisms that may influence intersectoral SHPI. Method: A critical interpretative synthesis was performed of elements of context and underlying situational and transformational mechanisms. These were identified based on the scientific literature published between 1997 and 2017 addressing intersectoral SHPI. Results: Six potential elements of context, seven potential situational mechanisms and seven potential transformational mechanisms that can explain SHPI outcomes were identified from 28 articles. The results were integrated into a framework to pinpoint elements that facilitate or impede intersectoral SHPI implementation. Conclusion: The results of this synthesis support a more comprehensive approach to evaluating SHPI, and improved consideration of intersectoral collaboration and the complexity associated with this type of intervention.

COVID-19 may permanently alter long-term energy demand

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Term Energy

Significance Policy responses to the global recession have the potential either to accelerate or retard the energy transition. Economic and social behavioural change as a result of forced learning during lockdowns and continued social distancing may prove permanent. Impacts The fiscal stimuli to ease COVID-19 impacts will expand the role of the state in major economies; this may aid meeting climate targets. Renewable energy will continue increasing its share of electricity generation as planned projects come online and costs fall. The IEA sees energy sector investment plunging by 20% this year; many energy firms may struggle to survive.

scholarly journals The Interplay of Plans and Intentions: A Pledge-Based Intervention to Reduce Participation in a Single Hazardous Event

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
Ellen J. Bass ◽  
Polly A. College ◽  
Susan Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Hazardous Event ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions

With respect to harm reduction health promotion interventions, consideration of prior plans is critical in evaluating behavior change. This study addresses prior plans on participation in a singular binge drinking occurrence where some students attempt to drink a fifth (750 ml) of liquor as an unsanctioned component of an annual university event. A pledge campaign with incentives was implemented to reduce participation. A link to an anonymous survey was emailed after the event. The campaign was effective as 90.8% of pledgers did not participate in the event. However, those with prior plans to participate were less likely to engage in the campaign. The association of plan commitment, pledge status and participation status was significant (female: X2(1)=7.95, p=0.005 and males: X2(1)=39.79, p<0.001). Reducing participation for committed students through a pledge campaign alone appears unlikely to change planned behavior. Future research should examine the role of plans and related factors.

Citing and referencing habits in medicine and social sciences journals in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Alves dos Santos ◽  
Silvio Peroni ◽  
Marcos Luiz Mucheroni
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Bibliographic Records

PurposeThis article explores citing and referencing systems in social sciences and medicine articles from different theoretical and practical perspectives, considering bibliographic references as a facet of descriptive representation.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis of citing and referencing elements (i.e. bibliographic references, mentions, quotations and respective in-text reference pointers) identified citing and referencing habits within disciplines under consideration and errors occurring over the long term as stated by previous studies now expanded. Future expected trends of information retrieval from bibliographic metadata was gathered by approaching these referencing elements from the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) entities concepts.FindingsReference styles do not fully accomplish with their role of guiding authors and publishers on providing concise and well-structured bibliographic metadata within bibliographic references. Trends on representative description revision suggest a predicted distancing on the ways information is approached by bibliographic references and bibliographic catalogs adopting FRBR concepts, including the description levels adopted by each of them under the perspective of the FRBR entities concept.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was based on a subset of medicine and social sciences articles published in 2019 and, therefore, it may not be taken as a final and broad coverage. Future studies expanding these approaches to other disciplines and chronological periods are encouraged.Originality/valueBy approaching citing and referencing issues as descriptive representation's facets, findings on this study may encourage further studies that will support information science and computer science on providing tools to become bibliographic metadata description simpler, better structured and more efficient facing the revision of descriptive representation actually in progress.

The Self

Brain-Mind ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 252-276
Author(s):  
Paul Thagard
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Levels

The self is a complex of mechanisms at multiple levels that include the molecular and the social. Semantic pointers are crucial to the self with respect to various phenomena, including how one represents oneself to oneself and to others, as well as in how one evaluates oneself. Also explained are operations that the self does to itself in efforts to achieve short-term goals such as self-control and long-term goals such as self-fulfillment. Semantic pointer explanations of images, concepts, and other mental representations are important for understanding how selves accomplish their goals. Representations of the self via semantic pointers can recursively be bound into semantic pointers for beliefs, desires, and intentions. Discussion of the social mechanisms relevant to the self begins to connect neural and mental mechanisms with discussions of social sciences and professions.

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