scholarly journals Parental feeding style, energy intake and weight status in young Scottish children

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Montgomery ◽  
Diane M. Jackson ◽  
Louise A. Kelly ◽  
John J. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Feeding Style ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Child Feeding Questionnaire ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Changes Over Time

Parental feeding style, as measured by the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ), may be an important influence on child feeding behaviour and weight status in early to mid childhood, but more evidence on parental feeding style is required from samples outside the USA. We aimed to use the CFQ in a sample of 117 Scottish children (boys n 53, girls n 64 mean age 4·6 (sd 0·5) years) to: characterise gender differences and changes over time (in forty of the 117 children studied over 2 years); test associations between parental feeding style, free-living energy intake (measured over 3 days using the multiple pass 24-h recall), and weight status (BMI sd score). No dimensions of parental feeding style changed significantly over 2 years in the longitudinal study (P>0·05 in all cases). No aspects of parental feeding style as measured by the CFQ differed significantly between the sexes (P>0·05 in all cases). Parental perceptions of child weight status were generally significantly positively correlated with child weight status as measured by the BMI sd score. In this sample and setting, measures of parental control over child feeding were generally not associated with child energy intake or weight status.

scholarly journals Maternal perception, concern and dissatisfaction with child weight and their association with feeding practices in the Generation XXI birth cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Alexandra Costa ◽  
Marion Hetherington ◽  
Andreia Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Maternal Perception ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Child Feeding Questionnaire

Abstract What a mother thinks about her child’s weight status, perceiving healthy or overweight might influence concern about child weight and in turn what and how she feeds her child. We examined the association between maternal perception, concern and dissatisfaction with child weight alongside feeding practices. Participants were from the Generation XXI birth cohort (n=3233). A validated version of the Child Feeding Questionnaire and the Overt/Covert Control scale were used. Mothers self-reported perception, level of concern and dissatisfaction with child weight using a Likert scale. Associations were evaluated cross-sectionally at ages 4 and 7 years by linear regression models (β̂ coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) with Bonferroni correction). Perceived underweight was associated with practices promoting food intake, such as higher pressure to eat at ages 4 and 7 years (β̂=0.229;95%CI:0.059,0.398 and β̂=0.190;95%CI:0.005,0.376, respectively) and lower restriction at age 4 (β̂=-0.175;95%CI:-0.0310,-0.039). At age 7, perceived overweight was associated with higher covert control (β̂=0.203;95%CI:0.029,0.376). Mothers who were concerned about child weight reported higher restriction (β̂=0.226;95%CI:0.142,0.310 at 4y and β̂=0.261;95%CI:0.169,0.353 at 7y) and covert control (β̂=0.183;95%CI:0.083,0.282 at 4y and β̂=0.171;95%CI:0.073,0.269 at 7y). Maternal desire for a heavier child was associated with higher pressure to eat at both ages (β̂=0.285;95%CI:0.163,0.406 at 4y and β̂=0.393;95%CI:0.266,0.520 at 7y), while the desire for a thinner child was related to higher covert control at 7 years of age (β̂=0.158; 95%CI:0.001,0.316). Maternal perceptions and concern for child weight status are associated with feeding practices independently of actual weight status.

scholarly journals Maternal feeding style and child weight status among Hispanic families with low-income levels: a longitudinal study of the direction of effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl O. Hughes ◽  
Thomas G. Power ◽  
Teresia M. O’Connor ◽  
Jennifer O. Fisher ◽  
Nilda E. Micheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Feeding Styles ◽  
Feeding Style ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Direction Of Effects ◽  
Child Eating ◽  
Child Eating Behaviors ◽  
Child Bmi

Abstract Background The home environment is a central and modifiable influence on the development of childhood obesity. Evidence supports the central role of parents in shaping problematic child eating behaviors and excess weight. Most studies of feeding emphasize parent-driven influences without taking into account the child’s role in eating interactions. Few studies have addressed the bi-directional nature of feeding dynamics in studies of young children. Methods The goals of this study were: 1) to examine if parental feeding styles during preschool (4–5 years) predict child weight status at 7–9 years, and 2) to examine the direction of effects between parental feeding styles and child weight status over time. Participants were part of a larger longitudinal study of Hispanic Head Start families living in the West South Central United States. Data from mother/child dyads were collected at three time points: Time 1 (ages 4–5), Time 2 (ages 5 ½-6 ½), and at Time 3 (ages 7–9). Only data from the Times 1 and 3 were used in the current analyses. A total of 128 mothers and their children had data on all variables needed for the analyses. Assessments included parent-reported feeding styles, feeding practices, acculturation, child eating behaviors, and child height and weight. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the first aim; a cross-lagged panel analysis examined the second aim. Results An indulgent parental feeding style at ages 4–5 was associated with increased child BMI z-score at ages 7–9. Indulgent feeding significantly contributed to child BMI z-score beyond demographics, baseline child BMI z-score, parental acculturation, and child eating behaviors. Regarding the direction of effects in parental feeding interactions, the cross-lagged analyses showed that both indulgent feeding style and authoritative feeding style at Time 1 positively predicted child BMI z-scores at Time 3. Child effects were significant as well. Child BMI z-score at Time 1 positively predicted indulgent feeding and negatively predicted authoritarian feeding at Time 3. Conclusions Indulgent feeding should be addressed in future family-focused childhood obesity initiatives focused on young children and their parents.

Parental feeding practices across child’s weight status: Evidence of the Italian validation of the Child Feeding Questionnaire

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Livia Buratta ◽  
Elisa Delvecchio ◽  
Alessandro Germani ◽  
Claudia Mazzeschi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Child Feeding Questionnaire ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Correlated Factors

Abstract Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess the psychometric proprieties of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) in Italian mothers. Design: Mothers completed the Italian version of the CFQ, and children’s anthropometric data were collected. Construct validity of the CFQ was assessed by comparing three different models: (a) a seven correlated factors model in which all items were analysed; (b) a seven correlated factors model with composite items based on the Restriction factor and (c) an eight correlated factors model with a separate Reward factor. Measurement invariance using BMI categories and gender was evaluated. Furthermore, discriminant validity with group comparison was performed between BMI categories and gender. Setting: Italy. Participants: A total of 1253 6-year-old Italian children (53·9 % male) attending elementary school (1st grade) and their mothers (mean age = 38·22 years; sd = 4·89) participated in this study. Results: The eight-factor model with a separate reward factor provided the best fit for the data. The strict invariance of the CFQ across child BMI categories and gender was confirmed. The CFQ internal consistency was acceptable for most subscales. However, two subscales showed no adequate values. As expected, the CFQ scales showed significant differences between BMI categories, while no gender-related differences were found. Conclusions: The study indicated the Italian version of the CFQ to be factorially valid for assessing parental feeding practices of 6-year-old children across BMI categories. Future research should address low internal consistency in some of the CFQ subscales.

Child weight and parental feeding practices: a child-responsive model

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lind Melbye ◽  
Håvard Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Parental Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose – The majority of previous studies on parental feeding practices have focused on the effect of controlling feeding strategies on child eating and weight (i.e. parental influence on children). The present study turns the arrow in the opposite direction, and it aims to test a child-responsive model by exploring the process in which child weight status might influence parental feeding practices, addressing potential mediating effects of parental concern for child weight (i.e. child influence on parents). Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional survey was performed among parents of 10- to 12-year olds (n = 963). The survey questionnaire included measures of parental feeding practices and parents’ reports of child weight and height. Stepwise regressions were performed to reveal potential mediating effects of parental concern for child weight status on the associations between child BMI and a wide range of parental feeding practices. Findings – Our results suggest a mediating effect of parental concern for child overweight on the associations between child body mass index and controlling feeding practices such as restriction for weight and health purposes and responsibility for determining child portion sizes. Originality/value – This study provides an extension of previous research on parental feeding–child weight relationship. It includes a wider spectrum of feeding variables, and integrates parental concern for both child who is overweight and child who is underweight as potential mediators of the associations between child weight and parental feeding practices. Moreover, it has its focus on preadolescent children, while previous studies have focused on infants and young children.

Parental Perceptions and Behaviors Regarding Child Weight Status among Toddlers Born Preterm

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
pp. 525-533
Author(s):  
Jessica Londeree Saleska ◽  
Kelly Sheppard ◽  
Abigail Norris Turner ◽  
Kelly M. Boone ◽  
Sarah A. Keim
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Parental Perceptions ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Child’S Weight

Abstract Objective Childhood obesity is a significant determinant of adult obesity. Among children born preterm, rapid “catch-up growth” in infancy increases the risk of later obesity. Parental perceptions of their child's weight status may compound the child's biologically heightened risk of obesity. Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of data on parental perceptions of child weight status from a randomized controlled trial (2012–2017, n = 331 toddlers born preterm). We used the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) to measure parental child feeding behaviors and beliefs. We calculated the prevalence of incorrect weight estimation, and used t-tests and chi-square tests to compare sample characteristics by correct versus incorrect weight estimation. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for factors associated with parental underestimation of child weight status. Results Most (90%) children were of normal weight, whereas 3% were underweight and 7% were overweight. A majority (75%) of parents correctly estimated their child's weight status. Incorrect weight estimation was only associated with child's actual weight. Parents of overweight children were more likely to underestimate their child's weight status than parents of normal weight children (OR: 2.23, 95% confidence interval: 2.00–2.49). Mean CFQ scores differed by the child's actual weight status but not by the child's estimated weight status. Conclusion Among these toddlers born preterm, significantly higher proportions of parents with underweight and overweight children incorrectly estimated their child's weight status relative to parents of normal weight children. Our findings suggest that weight underestimation could be a problem in this population, although it was not associated with changes in feeding practices.

scholarly journals Faster eating rates are associated with higher energy intakes during an ad libitum meal, higher BMI and greater adiposity among 4·5-year-old children: results from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 1042-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Fogel ◽  
Ai Ting Goh ◽  
Lisa R. Fries ◽  
Suresh A. Sadananthan ◽  
S. Sendhil Velan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractFaster eating rates are associated with increased energy intake, but little is known about the relationship between children’s eating rate, food intake and adiposity. We examined whether children who eat faster consume more energy and whether this is associated with higher weight status and adiposity. We hypothesised that eating rate mediates the relationship between child weight and ad libitum energy intake. Children (n 386) from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes cohort participated in a video-recorded ad libitum lunch at 4·5 years to measure acute energy intake. Videos were coded for three eating-behaviours (bites, chews and swallows) to derive a measure of eating rate (g/min). BMI and anthropometric indices of adiposity were measured. A subset of children underwent MRI scanning (n 153) to measure abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity. Children above/below the median eating rate were categorised as slower and faster eaters, and compared across body composition measures. There was a strong positive relationship between eating rate and energy intake (r 0·61, P<0·001) and a positive linear relationship between eating rate and children’s BMI status. Faster eaters consumed 75 % more energy content than slower eating children (Δ548 kJ (Δ131 kcal); 95 % CI 107·6, 154·4, P<0·001), and had higher whole-body (P<0·05) and subcutaneous abdominal adiposity (Δ118·3 cc; 95 % CI 24·0, 212·7, P=0·014). Mediation analysis showed that eating rate mediates the link between child weight and energy intake during a meal (b 13·59; 95 % CI 7·48, 21·83). Children who ate faster had higher energy intake, and this was associated with increased BMI z-score and adiposity.

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