scholarly journals Male Figural Rating Scales: A Critical Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Daniel Talbot ◽  
John Cass ◽  
Evelyn Smith
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractFigural rating scales are tools used to measure male body dissatisfaction. The present review aimed to examine the design and psychometric properties of male figural rating scales and make recommendations based on findings. Relevant databases were systematically searched for studies that had developed and validated male figural rating scales. Twenty studies were included in this review. Figural rating scales differed in terms of the number of images represented and type of stimuli used (hand-drawn silhouettes, hand-drawn figures, computer-rendered figures, and photograph figures). Reliability and validity evidence varied greatly in strength across all scales. Four of the 20 scales included a correlational analysis between figural rating scale scores and eating disorder symptoms. Results showed the moderate to high positive correlations between eating disorder symptoms and figural rating scale perceived and index scores, suggesting that figural rating scales are sensitive to detecting eating disorder symptoms. Ideally, male figural rating scales should show strong validity and reliability, include variations in both body fat and muscularity, utilise realistic body stimuli, and be interval scales. No existing male figural rating scale meets these criteria. However, this review identifies five figural rating scales that meet the majority of the recommended criteria.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability evidence of the questionnaire for illness representation, the impact of epilepsy, and stigma (QIRIS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 561-569
Author(s):  
Elisabete Abib Pedroso de Souza ◽  
Karina Borges ◽  
Maria Cristina O. Santos Miyazaki ◽  
Karina da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Tatiana de Cássia Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Illness Representation ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Biopsychosocial Approach ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to obtain reliability and validity evidence for the questionnaire of illness representation, the impact of epilepsy, and stigma (QIRIS) for use with adolescents and adults in Brazil. QIRIS consists of 14 questions grouped in three domains (attribution of meaning, impact of disease, and stigma) and was applied to 57 adults with epilepsy. QIRIS internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach’s α = 0. 866). Significant and strong correlation was found between issues belonging to the same domain, as expected. Three domains have highly significant and positive correlations with the instrument’s total score, indicating evidence of content validity. We conclude that QIRIS has psychometric properties and can facilitate a systematic evaluation of the patient’s representation according to a biopsychosocial approach that may contribute to clinical practice based on scientific evidence.

Content Validity and Reliability Testing of the FIN-PED II: A Tool to Measure Care Needs of Parents of Children With Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Monterosso ◽  
Linda J. Kristjanson ◽  
Gaye Dadd
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

This study tested the reliability and validity of the refined Family Inventory of Needs-Pediatrics (FIN-PED), the FIN-PED II, a 17-item instrument structured to measure care needs of parents of children with cancer. The instrument comprises three rating scales. The first rating scale measures the importance-of-care needs, the second measures the extent to which needs are met, and the third measures the need for further information. The revised instrument was first pilot tested with an expert panel of three mothers and three fathers of children with cancer who rated the tool for clarity, apparent internal consistency, and content validity. All items met preset criteria for these assessments. The instrument was then mailed to 85 parents of Australian children with cancer and tested for internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. Thirty-four parents returned the instrument. All three rating scales achieved high estimates of internal consistency. Evidence of the instrument’s stability over time was also achieved. This study provided support for the reliability and content validity of the FIN-PED II.

Finding Talent Among Elementary English Learners: A Validity Study of the HOPE Teacher Rating Scale

2021 ◽  
pp. 001698622098594
Author(s):  
Nielsen Pereira
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Teacher Rating ◽  
Esl Teachers ◽  
Invariance Testing ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The One

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the HOPE Scale for identifying gifted English language learners (ELs) and how classroom and English as a second language (ESL) teacher HOPE Scale scores differ. Seventy teachers completed the HOPE Scale on 1,467 students in grades K-5 and four ESL teachers completed the scale on 131 ELs. Measurement invariance tests indicated that the HOPE Scale yields noninvariant latent means across EL and English proficient (EP) samples. However, confirmatory factor analysis results support the use of the scale with ELs or EP students separately. Results also indicate that the rating patterns of classroom and ESL teachers were different and that the HOPE Scale does not yield valid data when used by ESL teachers. Caution is recommended when using the HOPE Scale and other teacher rating scales to compare ELs to EP students. The importance of invariance testing before using an instrument with a population that is different from the one(s) for which the instrument was developed is discussed.

The Clinician’s Subjective Experience during the Interaction with Adolescent Psychiatric Patients: Validity and Reliability of the Assessment of Clinician’s Subjective Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Angelo Picardi ◽  
Sara Panunzi ◽  
Sofia Misuraca ◽  
Chiara Di Maggio ◽  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Validity And Reliability

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The last decade has witnessed a resurgence of interest in the clinician’s subjectivity and its role in the diagnostic assessment. Integrating the criteriological, third-person approach to patient evaluation and psychiatric diagnosis with other approaches that take into account the patient’s subjective and intersubjective experience may bear particular importance in the assessment of very young patients. The ACSE (Assessment of Clinician’s Subjective Experience) instrument may provide a practical way to probe the intersubjective field of the clinical examination; however, its reliability and validity in child and adolescent psychiatrists seeing very young patients is still to be determined. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty-three clinicians and 278 first-contact patients aged 12–17 years participated in this study. The clinicians completed the ACSE instrument and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale after seeing the patient, and the Profile of Mood State (POMS) just before seeing the patient and immediately after. The ACSE was completed again for 45 patients over a short (1–4 days) retest interval. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All ACSE scales showed high internal consistency and moderate to high temporal stability. Also, they displayed meaningful correlations with the changes in conceptually related POMS scales during the clinical examination. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> The findings corroborate and extend previous work on adult patients and suggest that the ACSE provides a valid and reliable measure of the clinician’s subjective experience in adolescent psychiatric practice, too. The instrument may prove to be useful to help identify patients in the early stages of psychosis, in whom subtle alterations of being with others may be the only detectable sign. Future studies are needed to determine the feasibility and usefulness of integrating the ACSE within current approaches to the evaluation of at-risk mental states.

scholarly journals The Validity of Teacher Rating Scales for the Assessment of ADHD Symptoms in the Classroom: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472091683
Author(s):  
Anouck I. Staff ◽  
Jaap Oosterlaan ◽  
Saskia van der Oord ◽  
Pieter J. Hoekstra ◽  
Karen Vertessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Teacher Rating ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Scale Scores

Objective: To assess attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the classroom, most often teacher rating scales are used. However, clinical interviews and observations are recommended as gold standard assessment. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the validity of teacher rating scales. Method: Twenty-two studies ( N = 3,947 children) assessing ADHD symptoms using teacher rating scale and either semi-structured clinical interview or structured classroom observation were meta-analyzed. Results: Results showed convergent validity for rating scale scores, with the strongest correlations ( r = .55–.64) for validation against interviews, and for hyperactive–impulsive behavior. Divergent validity was confirmed for teacher ratings validated against interviews, whereas validated against observations this was confirmed for inattention only. Conclusion: Teacher rating scales appear a valid and time-efficient measure to assess classroom ADHD; although validated against semi-structured clinical interviews, there were only a few studies available. Low correlations between ratings and structured observations of inattention suggest that observations could add information above rating scales.

Developing rating scales for the assessment of second language performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 55-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Turner ◽  
John A. Upshur
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Binary Choices ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Second Language Performance

Abstract The two most common approaches to rating second language performance pose problems of reliability and validity. An alternative method utilizes rating scales that are empirically derived from samples of learner performance; these scales define boundaries between adjacent score levels rather than provide normative descriptions of ideal performances; the rating process requires making two or three binary choices about a language performance being rated. A procedure, that consists of a series of five explicit tasks, is used to construct a rating scale. The scale is designed for use with a specific population and a specific test task. A group of primary school ESL teachers used this procedure to make two speaking tests, including elicitation tasks and rating scales, for use in their school district. The tests were administered to 255 sixth grade learners. The scales were found to be highly accurate for scoring short speech samples, and were quite efficient in time required for scale development and rater training. Scales exhibit content relevance in the instructional setting. Development of this type of scale is recommended for use in high-stakes assessment.

scholarly journals Timely Interventions for Children with ADHD through Web-Based Monitoring Algorithms

Diseases ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Oppenheimer ◽  
Oluwafemi Ojo ◽  
Annalee Antonetty ◽  
Madeline Chiujdea ◽  
Stephanie Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Patient Monitoring System ◽  
Trigger Algorithm

The aim of this study was to evaluate an automated trigger algorithm designed to detect potentially adverse events in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), who were monitored remotely between visits. We embedded a trigger algorithm derived from parent-reported ADHD rating scales within an electronic patient monitoring system. We categorized clinicians’ alert resolution outcomes and compared Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale scores between patients who did or did not have triggered alerts. A total of 146 out of 1738 parent reports (8%) triggered alerts for 98 patients. One hundred and eleven alerts (76%) required immediate clinician review. Nurses successfully contacted parents for 68 (61%) of actionable alerts; 46% (31/68) led to a change in care plan prior to the next scheduled appointment. Compared to patients without alerts, patients with alerts demonstrated worsened ADHD severity (β = 5.8, 95% CI: 3.5–8.1 [p < 0.001] within 90 days prior to an alert. The trigger algorithm facilitated timely changes in the care plan in between face-to-face visits.

scholarly journals New Body Scales Reveal Body Dissatisfaction, Thin-Ideal, and Muscularity-Ideal in Males

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ralph-Nearman ◽  
Ruth Filik
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Actual Body ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Thin Ideal ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Drive For Muscularity ◽  
Manipulation Check ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Body Scale

The aim of the current study was to develop, test, and retest two new male body dissatisfaction scales: The Male Body Scale (MBS; consisting of emaciated to obese figures) and the Male Fit Body Scale (MFBS; consisting of emaciated to muscular figures). These scales were compared to the two most commonly used visually based indices of body dissatisfaction (Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, SFRS; and Somatomorphic Matrix, SM). Male participants rated which body figure on each scale most represented their current figure, then their ideal figure, and then rated which one of the three scales (MBS, MFBS, and SFRS) best represented their current and ideal body overall. Finally, they completed the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS), the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0), and their actual body composition was calculated. This was followed by a retest and manipulation check 2 to 6 weeks later. Participants’ actual body mass index, fat- and muscularity-percentage were all highly related to their current body figure choice, and both new scales were consistently valid and more reliable between test and retest than the SFRS and SM body dissatisfaction scores. Importantly, each scale was sensitive to different types of body dissatisfaction within males. Specifically, the MBS revealed that males’ desire for the thin-ideal significantly corresponded to higher eating disorder tendencies as identified by EDE-Q 6.0 scores, while the MFBS revealed much higher body dissatisfaction toward the larger, muscularity-ideal, predicting higher drive for muscularity as identified by DMS scores. Results validated the new scales, and inform male-focused eating disorder research.

Current and Ideal Physique Choices in Exercising and Nonexercising College Women from a Pilot Athletic Image Scale

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Lenart ◽  
Stephen M. Bailey ◽  
Jeanne P. Goldberg ◽  
Gerard E. Dallal ◽  
Elissa Koff
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
College Women ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Eating Disorder Inventory ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Exercise Status ◽  
Figure Rating Scales

An Athletic Image Scale including female physiques with and without muscular definition is currently in the developmental phase. With shading, contouring, and three-dimensionality not offered previously on figure-rating scales, this instrument was designed to examine an apparent growing interest on the part of women in athletic body-image ideals. The athletic level of each figure on the scale was based on responses of a group of college women. The 30–figure pilot scale was then tested by rating current and ideal body-shape preferences of two groups of first-year college women, 65 who exercised regularly and 45 who engaged in no regular exercise. Analysis showed no relationship between current and ideal physique choice and exercise status. Most exercising and nonexercising women chose a mesomorphic ideal physique with upper-body muscularity unlikely to occur without substantial amounts of physical activity. The associations among exercise status, figure choice, subscale scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory, and Self-esteem Scale scores were also examined. Women choosing moderately mesomorphic figures as their current shape had the lowest Body Dissatisfaction scale scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory irrespective of exercise status. Current- and ideal-shape preferences were not related to self-esteem scores. The pilot Athletic Image Scale offered several figures which seemed to be relevant to women although it must be noted that the scale purposely emphasized particular physiques. Even so, it is important to recognize that greater than sixty percent of the women preferred images with athletic physiques which are not offered on figure-rating scales presently in use.

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