Deindustrialization and the Demand for Protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Heather-Leigh Kathryn Ba ◽  
Tyler Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The Business Cycle

Abstract Current explanations of demand for anti-dumping protections focus on the role of the business cycle, and fluctuations in real exchange rates. However, empirical evidence supporting these explanations is based primarily on the experience of industrialized countries. Here, we examine anti-dumping petitions in a broader sample of thirty-four industrialized and middle income countries from 1978–2015. We also propose a new determinant of demand for anti-dumping petitions—changes in the pattern of industrial production between developed and developing economies over this period have contributed to deindustrialization in advanced economies and premature industrialization some developing countries. These changes threaten established industries and motivate them to demand protection.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Middle-income Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110238
Author(s):  
Sukti Dasgupta ◽  
Mauricio Dierckxsens ◽  
Sher Verick
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Coming on top of long-term employment challenges, the COVID-19 crisis has severely impacted economies around the world. Due to the nature of their labour markets, middle-income countries (MICs), including India, have experienced greater employment declines than advanced economies. Some sectors have been hit harder than others, while certain groups—including women, youth, migrants and those in the informal economy—have felt the brunt of the crisis even more strongly. The crisis has raised unemployment and, even more, has also pushed many out of the labour force, raising inactivity. Overall, the crisis has exacerbated existing inequalities in countries and across countries. The major challenge for MICs is to finance the continuing efforts to battle the crisis while shifting to a job-rich and inclusive recovery. Key lessons have already emerged, which are relevant for India and other developing countries, including the importance of building a more resilient and inclusive labour market through strong institutions and policies. JEL Codes: E24, E60, G01, J08, J60

scholarly journals The Influence of Political and Social Globalisation on Foreign Direct Investment Inflow in Developing Countries: The Role of Financial Development as a Moderating Factor

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-322
Author(s):  
Marhamah Mohd Rafidi ◽  
◽  
Jamaliah Said ◽  
Naila Erum ◽  
Farha Abdol Ghapar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence ◽  
The Impact

This study presents the effect of political and social globalisation on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow in developing countries. The eminence of decomposed globalisation element in the FDI area is argued here. New insights into empirical evidence are offered by dropping economic globalisation as one of the decomposed components. A panel data of 42 developing countries from 1984 until 2016 was used by applying the CSARDL approach. The study is also on the impact of political and social globalisation in developing countries by splitting them into two income stratification: Upper Middle-income Countries and Lower Middle-Income Countries by incorporating financial development as a moderating variable. It documents that political globalisation postulates a U-shaped relationship after addressing the Cross-Sectional Dependence (CD) problem, while social globalisation reverses the U-shaped relationship. It was found that political globalisation and social globalisation are conditional to the level of income rather than the overall developing countries’ stream. Besides, the prominent role of financial development in promoting FDI inflow, especially to income level, was observed. We suggest that developing countries should increase the capacity to absorb political and social globalisation in promoting FDI. Keywords: FDI inflow, globalisation, political globalisation, social globalisation, financial development, CS-ARDL

scholarly journals The Role of Global Economic Growth in Pakistani Agri-Food Exports

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahoor Ul Haq Zahoor Ul Haq ◽  
Mohamed Gheblawi ◽  
Safdar Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
Global Economic Growth

This analysis uses least squares and Heckman maximum likelihood estimation procedures with fixed effects to explore the role of economic growth in 36 developed and developing economies—categorised as low-, lower-middle-, upper-middle-, and high-income—in explaining their agri-food import of 29 products from Pakistan during 1990 to 2000. We reject the hypothesis that the economic growth of these economies does not influence Pakistani agri-food product exports. However, the estimated income elasticities are statistically elastic only for lower-middle income countries, suggesting that their expenditure on Pakistani agri-food exports will increase disproportionately as their economies grow. Hence, lower-middle-income countries provide good export opportunities for Pakistan’s agri-food products. JEL Classifications: F14, Q17 Keywords: Economic Growth, Agri-food Trade, Income Elasticities, Developing Countries

Real Exchange Rates and Trade Protectionism

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Oatley
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Real Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The Real ◽  
Exchange Rate Movements ◽  
The Business Cycle

Real exchange rate movements are robustly related to the rise and fall of trade protectionism. I demonstrate this by presenting a theoretical model that incorporates the real exchange rate into a standard factor proportions model of trade policy preferences. The model demonstrates why some firms' trade policy preferences, and thus total demands for protectionism, change in response to real exchange rate movements. I evaluate the model with data on antidumping investigations in six industrialized countries between the late 1970s and 2004. The exercise suggests that the real exchange rate hypothesis offers a more compelling explanation for protectionist waves than the business cycle hypothesis.

scholarly journals Unaligned connections or enlarging engagements? Tertiary education in developing countries and the implementation of the SDGs

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
Elaine Unterhalter ◽  
Colleen Howell
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Limited Base ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Gain Access

AbstractGiven that tertiary education (TE) is a sector often associated with exclusion, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where only a small proportion of the population gain access, how well placed is this sector to support the implementation of the SDGs? This article extends our reflections from a recent rigorous review of literature, published from 2010, which looked at the role of tertiary education in low- and lower-middle-income countries. The review noted the sparse literature on a range of development outcomes, with limited attention to some of the key themes of inclusion and sustainability associated with the SDGs. Many studies report on some form of limited connection between TE and development outcomes, also drawing attention to contextual conditions beyond TE that contribute to this. The article considers the reasons for these findings, and some of the difficulties of forming conclusions on a still limited base of research evidence. A second theme in the literature reviewed highlights that where TE establishes partnerships, engagements or cross-institutional alliances, joint and valuable learning in support of the SDGs ensues, enhancing practice and building institutions. Some of the implications of these findings for the positioning of TE in developing countries in the wake of COVID-19 are considered.

Depression in the Developing World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Minas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
International Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health And Social Services ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Culturally Informed ◽  
Global Understanding

This chapter provides an overview of what is known about prevalence, social determinants, treatment, and course and impact of depression in developing, or low- and middle-income, countries. The importance of culture in depression and in the construction and application of diagnostic classifications and in health and social services is highlighted, with a particular focus on the applicability of ‘Western’ diagnostic constructs and service systems in developing country settings. The role of international organizations, such as WHO, and international development programs, such as the SDGs, in improving our understanding of depression and in developing effective and culturally appropriate responses is briefly examined. There is both a need and increasing opportunities in developing countries for greater commitment to mental health of populations, increased investment in mental health and social services, and culturally informed research that will contribute to improved global understanding of mental disorders in general and depression in particular.

Health research capacity in Nepal: Analysis of the trend and the role of local researchers

2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552098277
Author(s):  
Madhu Kharel ◽  
Alpha Pokharel ◽  
Krishna P Sapkota ◽  
Prasant V Shahi ◽  
Pratisha Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Evidence-based decision-making is less common in low- and middle-income countries where the research capacity remains low. Nepal, a lower-middle-income country in Asia, is not an exception. We conducted a rapid review to identify the trend of health research in Nepal and found more than seven-fold increase in the number of published health-related articles between 2000 and 2018. The proportion of articles with Nepalese researchers as the first authors has also risen over the years, though they are still only in two-thirds of the articles in 2018.

scholarly journals Peripheral Inotropes in Critically Ill Children: Is It Safe?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110222
Author(s):  
Ravi K. Mooli ◽  
Kalaimaran Sadasivam
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Access ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Central Lines ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Peripheral Venous Access ◽  
Vasoactive Medications

Many children needing pediatric intensive care units care require inotropes, which are started peripherally prior to securing a central venous access. However, many hospitals in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) may not have access to central lines and the vasoactive medications are frequently given through a peripheral venous access. Aim: The aim of our study was to describe the role of peripheral vasoactive inotropes in children. Methods: Children requiring peripheral vasoactive medications were included in this study. We retrospectively collected data at 2 time points on use and complications of peripheral vasoactive medications. Results: Eighty-four children (51 pre-COVID era and 33 COVID pandemic) received peripheral vasoactive medications. Only 3% of children (3/84) developed extravasation injury, all of whom recovered completely. Conclusions: Results from our study suggest that extravasation injury due to peripheral inotrope infusion is very low (3%) and it may be safely administered in children at a diluted concentration.

scholarly journals Obesities: A New Peer-Reviewed Open-Access Interdisciplinary Journal Fostering Research on Multifactorial Obesity and Associated Cardiometabolic Disorders

Obesities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Bruno Guigas
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Interdisciplinary Journal ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Obesity prevalence has increased continuously over the past 50 years, a dramatic worldwide expansion not only limited to industrialized countries but also observed in a large number of low- and middle-income countries experiencing rapid rural–urban transition [...]

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