scholarly journals HOW FUNCTIONAL DATA CAN ENHANCE THE ESTIMATION OF HEALTH EXPECTANCY: THE CASE OF DISABLED SPANISH POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Albarrán ◽  
Pablo J. Alonso-González ◽  
Ana Arribas-Gil ◽  
Aurea Grané
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Functional Data ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Expectancy ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Loss Of Autonomy ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Central Trend

AbstractThe aging of population is perhaps the most important problem that developed countries must face in the near future. Dependency can be seen as a consequence of the process of gradual aging. In a health context, this contingency is defined as a lack of autonomy in performing basic activities of daily living that requires the care of another person or significant help. In Europe in general and in Spain in particular, this phenomena represents a problem with economic, political, social and demographic implications. The prevalence of dependency in the population, as well as its intensity and evolution over the course of a person’s life are issues of greatest importance that should be addressed. The aim of this work is the estimation of life expectancy free of dependency (LEFD) based on functional trajectories to enhance the regular estimation of health expectancy. Using information from the Spanish survey EDAD 2008, we estimate the number of years spent free of dependency for disabled people according to gender, dependency degree (moderate, severe, major) and the earlier or later onset of dependency compared to a central trend. The main findings are as follows: first, we show evidence that to estimate LEFD ignoring the information provided by the functional trajectories may lead to non-representative LEFD estimates; second, in general, dependency-free life expectancy is higher for women than for men. However, its intensity is higher in women with later onset on dependency; Third, the loss of autonomy is higher (and more abrupt) in men than in women. Finally, the diversity of patterns observed at later onset of dependency tends to a dependency extreme-pattern in both genders.

scholarly journals Editorial Vol.1

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Prakash Raj Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Transition ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Life Style Changes ◽  
Near Future

Cardiovascular diseases are killer number one in developed countries and are becoming so in the developing countries too. Developing countries like ours are passing through a health transition phase, which is characterised by decrease in epidemic of acute infectious diseases, increase in life expectancy and change in socio-economic structure. Life style changes are already evident in developing countries. The consumption of saturated fats and tobacco is rising in sharp contrast to the overall decline in developed countries. If these patterns of change currently experienced in developing countries follow those experienced previously in the west, an epidemic of cardiovascular diseases is expected in the near future in SAARC nations with its significant impact in the lower Socio-economic class people.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity, Disadvantage, and Trends in Disability-Free Life Expectancy: The CFAS Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 641-641
Author(s):  
Andrew Kingston ◽  
Holly Bennett ◽  
Louise Robinson ◽  
Lynne Corner ◽  
Carol Brayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract The combined contribution of multi-morbidity and socio-economic position (SEP) to trends in disability free life expectancy (DFLE) is unknown. We use longitudinal data from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS I: 1991; CFAS II: 2011), with two year follow up. Disability was defined as difficulty in activities of daily living, and SEP as area-level deprivation. Multi-morbidity was constructed from nine self-reported health conditions and categorised as 0-1, 2-3, 4+ diseases. In 1991 and 2011, shorter total and disability-free years were associated with greater multi-morbidity. Between 1991 and 2011, gains in life expectancy and DFLE were observed at all levels of multi-morbidity, the greatest gain in DFLE being 4 years for men with 0-1 diseases. As multi-morbidity is more prevalent in more disadvantaged groups, further analyses will investigate whether SEP differences remain at all levels of multi-morbidity.

scholarly journals The Moral Significance of Death in Georg Simmel’s Metaphysics of Life

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Andrea Staiti
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Moral Significance ◽  
Cultural Forms

In this paper I discuss the significance of Simmel’s conception of death as presented in his capstone workLebensanschauung(1918). I argue for Simmel death is the form of all cultural forms and that it has a transcendental, form-giving function for life in its concrete unfolding. I conclude with a brief examination of the thought of immortality and some suggestions about how Simmel’s conception of death has a bearing on current issues such as the increment of life-expectancy in developed countries.

What is an Ecodisaster?

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Cloudsley-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Near Future

The term ‘ecodisaster’ may be defined as ‘a global catastrophe of the human species’. Any ecodisasters occurring in the near future will, almost certainly, be caused, directly or indirectly, by the present overpopulation of the world, accompanied by unwise and irresponsible disregard of environmental deterioration.The suggestion is made here that Man's first and, it is to be hoped, last, ecodisaster may already have begun. Although not dramatic, it is taking the form of a steady decline in the standard of living nearly everywhere, coupled with massive pollution, and widespread malnutrition in the under-developed countries of the world. It will persist until world population eventually becomes adjusted to environmental resources.It is ironical that control of the pests and diseases which have inflicted so much misery on mankind in the past, should have helped to engender the present population explosion with all the hunger and privation that accompany it in the under-developed regions of the world.

scholarly journals Mortality in Russia: the second epidemiological revolution that never was

2015 ◽  
pp. 4-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Vishnevsky
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
External Causes Of Death ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Age Of Death

The article looks at different approaches to the conceptualization of the modern stage of mortality reduction (the "new stages” of the epidemiological transition, "the second epidemiological revolution”, the “health transition”). During this stage, which has lasted for at least half a century, revolutionary changes have taken place in most developed countries. These changes manifest themselves in the drastic expansion of the degree of control over non-infectious causes of death—particularly over diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, and other non-communicable diseases, as well as over external causes of death. As a consequence of these changes, there has been a rapid shift of deaths from the abovementioned causes to older ages, an increase in the mean age of death from these causes, and, ultimately, a significant rise in life expectancy. Russia, unfortunately, is watching this revolution from the outside, without taking any part in it. The age distribution of deaths from major classes of causes of death in Russia has not changed over the past half-century, life expectancy has stagnated, and Russia has increasingly lagged behind the majority of developed countries with respect to this indicator. Thus, the “second epidemiological revolution” has not yet to occur in Russia.

scholarly journals STAGES OF REGIONAL FOOD SECURITY PROVISION

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (388) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Krasnoperova Elena Aleksandrovna, ◽  
◽  
Donnik Irina Mikhailovna, ◽  
Yuldashbayev Yusupzhan Artykovich, ◽  
Leshcheva Marina Genrikhovna, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Regional Food ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Relationship Of

The problem of national economic security, which includes guaranteed food provision in the regions, occupies one of the pivotal places in the politics of economically developed countries of the world. Issues of food security and agricultural development should be a priority; without them, all conversations about national security are meaningless. Over the past 20 years, a lot of funds and efforts have been invested in the development of agriculture in Russia, the results of these efforts say it all. Russia has become the largest exporter of food raw, completely covers the needs of the population in chicken eggs, poultry, and pork. Despite significant advances in food security, many problems need to be solved immediately. The problem of food security provision at the federal and regional levels should be approached comprehensively. First of all, it is necessary to comprehend and realize that economic life develops according to its very specific laws, the complex interaction of which, ultimately, determines the state of the economy. The current situation with the position of food security can be assessed as not quite satisfactory. The article outlines the problems of food security in the Chelyabinsk region and the relationship of its tasks, the growth of life expectancy, and the working capacity of the population. Four stages of their duration and features of tasks at each stage are substantiated. The term for the full achievement of food security is designed for 12 years, improving the nutritional structure and increasing its usefulness will increase life expectancy by 8-12 years, which is consistent with state policy in the economic and social spheres.

scholarly journals Mortality from external causes in Russia over half a century

2015 ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kvasha ◽  
Tatiana Kharkova ◽  
Valeriy Yumaguzin
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Undetermined Intent ◽  
External Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Number ◽  
External Causes

The article discusses long-term mortality trends (since 1956) from external causes of death in Russia. Russia has long lagged behind developed countries in this domain. The level of mortality from external causes of death remains high and its structure is still archaic with large contribution of homicides, alcohol poisoning and injuries of undetermined intent. Excess number of deaths from life tables of Russia and Western European countries is compared. It is shown that in Russia the greatest excess losses are associated with mortality from poisonings among both sexes, suicide among men and homicide among women. Mortality from external causes, along with mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, has had a significant impact on life expectancy. In general, over the period 1956-2012 the increase in mortality from external causes in the 15-64 age group reduced life expectancy by 2.6 years for males and 0.7 years for females. The decline, starting in 2003, of mortality from external causes of death has slightly reduced the gap between Russia and developed countries, bringing the current Russian level closer to those levels reached in Russia in the mid-1960s and 1980s. However, given the fluctuations of mortality from external causes, it is premature to say whether the current decline in mortality is robust.

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