Late Georgian Churches: ‘Absolutely Wretched’ or the Triumph of Rational Pragmatism?

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 147-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Webster
Keyword(s):  
New Materials ◽  
Great Credit ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Church Design ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

AbstractThis article considers the late Georgian church and argues that this huge group of buildings, involving almost all the country's major architects, has never been properly assessed by historians. This is principally a result of the opprobrium heaped on these churches by the Ecclesiologists who needed them to be marginalised in order to promote their own agenda of church design and worship, and the view that they are largely worthless lives on in places, even today. The article proposes their re-evaluation, suggesting that judging them by the standards the Ecclesiologists applied retrospectively is both illogical and inevitably destined to produce verdicts of failure. Instead, it seeks to place these buildings within the context of late Georgian society, religious attitudes and especially the period's building world. It argues that the best of them, especially the big ‘town’ churches, display a high degree of intelligent, functional planning and a fascinating exploitation of new materials and structural innovations that do great credit to their designers.

scholarly journals Stoichiometry and compositional plasticity of the yeast nuclear pore complex revealed by quantitative fluorescence microscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (17) ◽  
pp. E3969-E3977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasikumar Rajoo ◽  
Pascal Vallotton ◽  
Evgeny Onischenko ◽  
Karsten Weis
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Pore Complex ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is an eightfold symmetrical channel providing selective transport of biomolecules across the nuclear envelope. Each NPC consists of ∼30 different nuclear pore proteins (Nups) all present in multiple copies per NPC. Significant progress has recently been made in the characterization of the vertebrate NPC structure. However, because of the estimated size differences between the vertebrate and yeast NPC, it has been unclear whether the NPC architecture is conserved between species. Here, we have developed a quantitative image analysis pipeline, termed nuclear rim intensity measurement (NuRIM), to precisely determine copy numbers for almost all Nups within native NPCs of budding yeast cells. Our analysis demonstrates that the majority of yeast Nups are present at most in 16 copies per NPC. This reveals a dramatic difference to the stoichiometry determined for the human NPC, suggesting that despite a high degree of individual Nup conservation, the yeast and human NPC architecture is significantly different. Furthermore, using NuRIM, we examined the effects of mutations on NPC stoichiometry. We demonstrate for two paralog pairs of key scaffold Nups, Nup170/Nup157 and Nup192/Nup188, that their altered expression leads to significant changes in the NPC stoichiometry inducing either voids in the NPC structure or substitution of one paralog by the other. Thus, our results not only provide accurate stoichiometry information for the intact yeast NPC but also reveal an intriguing compositional plasticity of the NPC architecture, which may explain how differences in NPC composition could arise in the course of evolution.

scholarly journals Rocky pine forests in the High Coast Region in Sweden: structure, dynamics and history

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 101-130
Author(s):  
Jennie Sandström ◽  
Mattias Edman ◽  
Bengt Gunnar Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

Almost all forests in Sweden are managed and only a small fraction are considered natural. One exception is low productive forests where, due to their limited economical value, natural dynamics still dominate. One example is the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests occurring on rocky and nutrient-poor hilltops. Although these forests represent a regionally common forest type with a high degree of naturalness, their dynamics, structure and history are poorly known. We investigated the structure, human impact and fire history in eight rocky pine forests in the High Coast Area in eastern Sweden, initially identified as good representatives of this forest type. This was done by sampling and measuring tree sizes, -ages, fire-scarred trees, as well as dead wood volumes and quality along three transects at each site. The structure was diverse with a sparse layer of trees (basal area 9 m2 and 640 trees larger than 10 cm ha-1) in various sizes and ages; 13 trees ha-1 were more than 300 years old. Dead wood (DW), snags and logs in all stages of decay, was present and although the actual DW (pine) volume (4.4 m3 ha-1) and number of units (53 ha-1) was low, the DW share of total wood volume was 18% on average. Dead wood can be present for several centuries after death; we found examples of both snags and logs that had been dead more than 300 years. Frequent fires have occurred, with an average cycle of 40 years between fires. Most fires occurred between 1500-1900 and many of them (13) during the 1600s. However, fires were probably small since most fire years were only represented at one site and often only in one or a few samples. The rocky pine forests in the High Coast Area are representative of undisturbed forests with low human impact, exhibiting old-growth characteristics and are valuable habitats for organisms connected to sun-exposed DW. Management of protected rocky pine forests may well include small-scale restoration fires and the limited DW volumes should be protected.

Colonization of depopulated crinoids by symbionts: who comes from the bottom and who from the water column?

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1607-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Mekhova ◽  
P.Y. Dgebuadze ◽  
V.N. Mikheev ◽  
T.A. Britayev
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sandy Substrate ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

Previous experiments with the comatulid Himerometra robustipinna (Carpenter, 1881) demonstrated intensive host-to-host migration processes for almost all symbiotic species both within host aggregations and among hosts separated by several metres. The aim of this study was to check the ability of symbionts to complete long-distance migrations, by means of two in situ experiments which depopulated the crinoid host. Two different sets of field experiments were set up: exposure of depopulated crinoids (set 1) on stony ‘islands’ isolated from native crinoid assemblages by sandy substrate, and (set 2) in cages suspended in the water column. Hosts from set 1 were exposed for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks to assess whether substrate has an influence on the symbionts' long-distance migrations. In set 2 cages were exposed for 10–11 days, aiming to check whether symbionts were able to disperse through the water column with currents. These experiments allow the conclusion that post-settled symbionts can actively migrate among their hosts. Symbionts are able to reach their hosts by employing two different ‘transport corridors’, by drifting or swimming in water column, and by moving on the bottom. Comparison of experimental results allows the division of symbionts into two conventional groups according to the dispersal ability of their post-settled stages: (1) species able to complete long-distance migrations, (2) species unable to migrate or having limited dispersal ability. The finding of the free-living shrimp Periclimenes diversipes Kemp, 1922 in set 2 raises the question about the factors that affect such a high degree of specialization of crinoid assemblages.

OLED degradation described by using a time-dependent local relaxation model

2005 ◽  
Vol 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Racine ◽  
Christophe Féry ◽  
Armand Bettinelli ◽  
Henri Doyeux ◽  
Salvatore Ciná
Keyword(s):  
Constant Current ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Low Luminance ◽  
Driving Condition ◽  
Local Relaxation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Stretched Exponential Decay ◽  
Main Relaxation

AbstractThe main mechanisms responsible for the luminance degradation in OLEDs driven under constant current has not yet been identified. In this paper we propose a new approach to describe the intrinsic mechanisms involved in the OLED aging. We will first show that a stretched exponential decay can be used to fit almost all the luminance vs time curves obtained under different driving conditions. In this way we are able to prove that they can all be described by employing a single free parameter model.By using as an approach based on local relaxation events, we will demonstrate that a single mechanism is responsible for the dominant aging process. Furthermore, we will demonstrate that the main relaxation event is the annihilation of one emissive center.We will then use our model to fit all the experimental data measured under different driving condition, and show that by carefully fitting the accelerated luminance lifetime-curves, we can extrapolate the low-luminance lifetime needed for real display applications, with a high degree of accuracy.

Mindful tutors

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Fischer ◽  
Kilian Foth ◽  
Katharina J. Rohlfing ◽  
Britta Wrede
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Computers As Social Actors ◽  
Keywords Child ◽  
Linguistic Behaviour ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

It has been proposed that the design of robots might benefit from interactions that are similar to caregiver–child interactions, which is tailored to children’s respective capacities to a high degree. However, so far little is known about how people adapt their tutoring behaviour to robots and whether robots can evoke input that is similar to child-directed interaction. The paper presents detailed analyses of speakers’ linguistic behaviour and non-linguistic behaviour, such as action demonstration, in two comparable situations: In one experiment, parents described and explained to their nonverbal infants the use of certain everyday objects; in the other experiment, participants tutored a simulated robot on the same objects. The results, which show considerable differences between the two situations on almost all measures, are discussed in the light of the computer-as-social-actor paradigm and the register hypothesis. Keywords: child-directed speech (CDS); motherese; robotese; motionese; register theory; social communication; human–robot interaction (HRI); computers-as-social-actors; mindless transfer

Discrimination and Determinants of Wage in India: An Analysis from NSSO 66 Round Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Soni ◽  
Deepti Goel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Job Attributes ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cost Of Living Index

This paper analyses determinants of wage in India using NSSO socio-economic survey 66th round (July 2009-June 2010) data and Heckman two step regression procedure. On the basis of results, it attempts to find out the extent of gender discrimination and discrimination due to urban-rural divide applying Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique. Results show that socio-economic, demographic, location, and job attributes are significant determinants of wage in India. However, when cost of living index was added as a control along with others, urban-rural divide in wage became marginal (8%) and in decomposition most of the differentials in wage is due to the explained component. However, this study found that wage of an average male is 33.43% higher than wage of an average female, almost all due to unexplained factors indicating substantially high degree of wage discrimination in India even after discounting the role of omitted variables.

A Control System for a Flexible Spine Belly-Dancing Humanoid

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Or
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generator ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Walking Machines ◽  
Belly Dancing ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

Recently, there has been a lot of interest in building anthropomorphic robots. Research on humanoid robotics has focused on the control of manipulators and walking machines. The contributions of the torso towards ordinary movements (such as walking, dancing, attracting mates, and maintaining balance) have been neglected by almost all humanoid robotic researchers. We believe that the next generation of humanoid robots will incorporate a flexible spine in the torso. To meet the challenge of controlling this kind of high-degree-of-freedom robot, a new control architecture is necessary. Inspired by the rhythmic movements commonly exhibited in lamprey locomotion as well as belly dancing, we designed a controller for a simulated belly-dancing robot using the lamprey central pattern generator. Experimental results show that the proposed lamprey central pattern generator module could potentially generate plausible output patterns, which could be used for all the possible spine motions with minimized control parameters. For instance, in the case of planar spine motions, only three input parameters are required. Using our controller, the simulated robot is able to perform complex torso movements commonly seen in belly dancing as well. Our work suggests that the proposed controller can potentially be a suitable controller for a high-degree-of-freedom, flexible spine humanoid robot. Furthermore, it allows us to gain a better understanding of belly dancing by synthesis.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL INDICES FOR PLANTS OF THE SPECIES POTENTILLA TANACETIFOLIA GROWING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CITY OF CHITA AND THE CHITA REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
Galina Yur'yevna Samoilenko ◽  
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Bondarevich ◽  
Natal'ya Nikolayevna Kotsyurzhinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Geochemical Indices ◽  
Intense Absorption ◽  
Discrimination Coefficient ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The City ◽  
Copper Lead

The use of biogeochemical research methods is necessary when studying the technogenic migration of toxic elements in urban ecosystems. Using the values of the ecological and geochemical indices, we assessed the degree of accumulation and movement of zinc, lead, cadmium, and copper from the soil to the organs of plants of the species Potentilla tanacetifolia. The content of elements was determined by the method of inverse voltammetry on a «TA-Universal» analyzer. According to the results of the studies and the values of environmental and geochemical coefficients, it was found that, according to the level of soil pollution, the studied areas of the city of Chita and the Chita region were classified as territories with a low level of pollution. According to the values of ecological and geochemical indices for plants of the P. tanacetifolia species, intense absorption of cadmium by the root system and active movement of zinc and copper from the root layer of soils were noted. The translocation coefficient (TF) values indicated the intake of copper, lead, and cadmium into the aboveground organs in almost all the studied sites. According to the value of the discrimination coefficient, it was found that this species intensively accumulates cadmium. The results presented by us indicate that plants of the P. tanacetifolia species can be attributed to accumulator species with a rather high degree of accumulation of heavy metals at a low concentration in the medium.

Corrigendum to: Drosera × sidjamesii (Droseraceae): systematics and ecology of a natural hybrid from Western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Allen Lowrie ◽  
John G. Conran
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Water Field ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

The natural hybrid Drosera � sidjamesii Lowrie & Conran from Lake Gnangarra north of Perth, Western Australia is described and defined as a cross between D. nitidula Planch. subsp. omissa Marchant & Lowrie auct. non Diels and D. pulchella Lehm., between which it shows a high degree of intermediacy for almost all characters. Cytological examination of the hybrid and its parents confirms that the former at 2n = 46 is a combination of the 2n = 28 in D. nitidula subsp. omissa and 2n = 18 in D. pulchella. The hybrid grows along a narrow ecotone between the parental species, largely on sandy peat and along a presumed soil moisture/elevation gradient caused by the nearby lake. Nevertheless, within this ecotone the hybrid is significantly more frequent than either parental species, with D. pulchella mainly growing in peat soils closer to the lake and D. nitidula subsp. omissa on white sand further from the water. Field observations of morphotypes also suggest that the hybrid has arisen several times at the site, and that a limited number of plants at the site are becoming fertile and setting seed.

Drosera × sidjamesii (Droseraceae): systematics and ecology of a natural hybrid from Western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Lowrie ◽  
John G. Conran
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Water Field ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

The natural hybrid Drosera × sidjamesii Lowrie & Conran from Lake Gnangarra north of Perth, Western Australia is described and defined as a cross between D. nitidula Planch. subsp. omissa Marchant & Lowrie auct. non Diels and D. pulchella Lehm., between which it shows a high degree of intermediacy for almost all characters. Cytological examination of the hybrid and its parents confirms that the former at 2n = 46 is a combination of the 2n = 28 in D. nitidula subsp. omissa and 2n = 18 in D. pulchella. The hybrid grows along a narrow ecotone between the parental species, largely on sandy peat and along a presumed soil moisture/elevation gradient caused by the nearby lake. Nevertheless, within this ecotone the hybrid is significantly more frequent than either parental species, with D. pulchella mainly growing in peat soils closer to the lake and D. nitidula subsp. omissa on white sand further from the water. Field observations of morphotypes also suggest that the hybrid has arisen several times at the site, and that a limited number of plants at the site are becoming fertile and setting seed.

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