Law, Policy, and the Social Construction of Disaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cooper

Emerging in the English language during the 1590s, the etymological origins of the word “disaster” are found in désastre from Middle French (1560s) and disastro from Italian, meaning “ill-starred,” with “dis-,” a pejorative and “astro” meaning “star” or “planet”—from the Latin astrum and from the Greek ástron. The notion was of “an unfavorable aspect of a star or planet,” a “malevolent astral influence,” or a “calamity blamed on an unfavorable position of a planet.”

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-336
Author(s):  
Ira Mutiaraningrum ◽  
Arif Nugroho

The uptake of remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic was indispensable. Classroom activity, including English language learning, was shifted into remote learning. However, remote learning has not escaped the question regarding its role in students' knowledge construction in language learning. Thus, this study explores whether the social construction of knowledge occurs in the same-time synchronous text-based discussion during students' English language learning. It also investigates the phasesin which the social construction of knowledge present. Content analysis of the Interaction Analysis Model was used as the method to classify twenty-three Indonesian English as foreign language students' discourses in the synchronous text-based discussion. The transcripts from two threads in Google Classroom were sorted into the Interaction Analysis Model Phases to find out the percentage of each Phase's occurrence. Results indicate that the discourses showed the social construction of knowledge was developed by students and thereby pointed out the process of their cognitive thinking during their synchronous English language learning. This study suggests that the social construction of knowledge exists in synchronous text-based discussion with the most frequent postings categorized in Phase I.


1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Shogan

This paper aims to foster a discussion about the social construction of disability within adapted physical activity. Social construction of disability refers to the social history of disability and the social contexts that both enable and disable individuals who negotiate these contexts. Statistics and technology are introduced in this paper to illustrate that “the normal,” “the abnormal,” “the natural,” “the unnatural,” “ability,” and “disability” have emerged historically and to demonstrate that these concepts are implicated in social contexts. Work in the history of statistics is drawn upon to establish that the normal is a fairly recent notion in the English language. It is argued that statistics, as a normalization discourse, sustain artificial demarcations between ability and disability and the normal and abnormal when used by researchers and practitioners. To expose assumptions about natural ability, technological-assisted performance for participants with or without disabilities in physical activity and sport are addressed.


1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1186-1186
Author(s):  
Garth J. O. Fletcher

2010 ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
M.-F. Garcia

The article examines social conditions and mechanisms of the emergence in 1982 of a «Dutch» strawberry auction in Fontaines-en-Sologne, France. Empirical study of this case shows that perfect market does not arise per se due to an «invisible hand». It is a social construction, which could only be put into effect by a hard struggle between stakeholders and large investments of different forms of capital. Ordinary practices of the market dont differ from the predictions of economic theory, which is explained by the fact that economic theory served as a frame of reference for the designers of the auction. Technological and spatial organization as well as principal rules of trade was elaborated in line with economic views of perfect market resulting in the correspondence between theory and reality.


1978 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merton J. Kahne ◽  
Charlotte Green Schwartz

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