scholarly journals Human Mobility and the Longue Durée: The Prehistory of Global Migration Law

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bhabha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Migration Law ◽  
Constant Element

The long history of human migration sets the stage for a probing engagement with current migration law and the challenges of bringing it into alignment with contemporary needs and rights. If very large scale movements of people are a constant element of life on earth, should we reconsider the migration panic that has gripped political leaders and their publics, and should we reassess the responses that are being advanced? Instead of crisis should we be talking of continuum, instead of restrictions on foreigner entry should we be considering support for human ingenuity and opportunity? Despite its scale, should we consider ways to extend to distress-migration the facilitatory infrastructure we routinely apply to business or service related human mobility?

scholarly journals Introduction to Symposium on Framing Global Migration Law – Part II

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Jaya Ramji-Nogales ◽  
Peter J. Spiro
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Migration Law

Part I of this symposium on framing global migration law introduced broad conceptual parameters of a new field, looking back to its international law roots and forward to a new orientation beyond the strictures of refugee law. Part II looks to situate global migration law along a range of theoretical dimensions. Jacqueline Bhabha establishes the continuities of human movement in a historical context, modern and premodern. Far from representing a radical departure, the current migration “crisis” is consistent with massive migrations over the ages. Tendayi Achiume considers migration through the lens of colonization and decolonization. Out-migration from Europe was a core economic element of the colonization project; Achiume suggests that contemporary migration from former dependencies to metropolitan powers will correct co-dependencies that continue to advantage postcolonial powers. Focusing Achiume's lens on the problem of human trafficking, Janie Chuang complicates the binary depictions of economic migration that underpin contemporary international law. She suggests that global migration law's grounding in a migrant-centered perspective could help state actors to understand the structural causes of modern-day exploitation, enabling a shift from a crime control approach to a human mobility paradigm.

scholarly journals Identifying multiscale spatio-temporal patterns in human mobility using manifold learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e276 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Watson ◽  
Zach Gelbaum ◽  
Mathew Titus ◽  
Grant Zoch ◽  
David Wrathall
Keyword(s):  
Manifold Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Spectral Graph ◽  
Spectral Graph Wavelets ◽  
Spatio Temporal

When, where and how people move is a fundamental part of how human societies organize around every-day needs as well as how people adapt to risks, such as economic scarcity or instability, and natural disasters. Our ability to characterize and predict the diversity of human mobility patterns has been greatly expanded by the availability of Call Detail Records (CDR) from mobile phone cellular networks. The size and richness of these datasets is at the same time a blessing and a curse: while there is great opportunity to extract useful information from these datasets, it remains a challenge to do so in a meaningful way. In particular, human mobility is multiscale, meaning a diversity of patterns of mobility occur simultaneously, which vary according to timing, magnitude and spatial extent. To identify and characterize the main spatio-temporal scales and patterns of human mobility we examined CDR data from the Orange mobile network in Senegal using a new form of spectral graph wavelets, an approach from manifold learning. This unsupervised analysis reduces the dimensionality of the data to reveal seasonal changes in human mobility, as well as mobility patterns associated with large-scale but short-term religious events. The novel insight into human mobility patterns afforded by manifold learning methods like spectral graph wavelets have clear applications for urban planning, infrastructure design as well as hazard risk management, especially as climate change alters the biophysical landscape on which people work and live, leading to new patterns of human migration around the world.

Food, Mobility, and World History

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna R. Gabaccia
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
World History ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Food Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

To determine how scholars have tackled the study of food as part of world histories, this article reviews research connecting the history of food with that of human mobility. It explores how and under what circumstances food practices "spread" or "diffuse" among human societies. It asserts that the study of food is becoming a more central theme in world history due to recent interest in mapping the links among the culturally distinct societies of the six continents over the course of human life on earth. Such histories offer a glimpse into the relationship of the general and particular in culinary culture. World histories indicate that trade, human migrations, and media are the mechanisms that allow particular foods, food practices, food technologies, and food knowledge to travel across space and time, and cultural boundaries to become general.

scholarly journals Transnational Mobility, the International Law of Aliens, and the Origins of Global Migration Law

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Frédéric Mégret
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Transnational Mobility ◽  
The Law ◽  
Global Law ◽  
Migration Law

To speak of a “global migration law” is challenging, perhaps even quite provocative, in an era in which walls are being continuously erected at borders and seas transformed into mass graves. The ambition of international law often seems to be to rescue what can still be saved: the refugee regime for example, or minimally decent treatment of migrants once under the jurisdiction of a third country. A global law of migration, then, might be as much if not more the law of obstacles to human mobility than a body of law premised on a more fundamental commitment to freedom of movement.

Global Migration and Political Regime Type: A Democratic Disadvantage

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Breunig ◽  
Xun Cao ◽  
Adam Luedtke
Keyword(s):  
Human Migration ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Migration Research ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Theoretical Inquiry ◽  
Micro Level

An indicator of globalization is the growing number of humans crossing national borders. In contrast to explanations for flows of goods and capital, migration research has concentrated on unilateral movements to rich democracies. This focus ignores the bilateral determinants of migration and stymies empirical and theoretical inquiry. The theoretical insights proposed here show how the regime type of both sending and receiving countries influences human migration. Specifically, democratic regimes accommodate fewer immigrants than autocracies and democracies enable emigration while autocracies prevent exit. The mechanisms for this divergence are a function of both micro-level motivations of migrants and institutional constraints on political leaders. Global bilateral migration data and a statistical method that captures the higher-order dependencies in network data are employed in this article.

scholarly journals Implementation of Deep Learning Predictor (LSTM) Algorithm for Human Mobility Prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Ida Nurhaida ◽  
Handrie Noprisson ◽  
Vina Ayumi ◽  
Hong Wei ◽  
Erwin Dwika Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Mobility Prediction ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large Scale Dataset ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Trajectory Identification

The studies of human mobility prediction in mobile computing area gained due to the availability of large-scale dataset contained history of location trajectory. Previous work has been proposed many solutions for increasing of human mobility prediction result accuration, however, only few researchers have addressed the issue of<em> </em>human mobility for implementation of LSTM networks. This study attempted to use classical methodologies by combining LSTM and DBSCAN because those algorithms can tackle problem in human mobility, including large-scale sequential data modeling and number of clusters of arbitrary trajectory identification. The method of research consists of DBSCAN for clustering, long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm for modelling and prediction, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for evaluation. As the result,<em> </em>the prediction error or RMSE value reached score 3.551 by setting LSTM with parameter of <em>epoch</em> and <em>batch_size</em> is 100 and 20 respectively.

Dear China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Benton ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Gungwu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chinese Diaspora ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Modernization ◽  
The Comparative Study

Qiaopi is the name given to the “silver letters” Chinese emigrants sent home in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These letters-cum-remittances, which were entered into UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register in 2013, document the changing history of the Chinese diaspora in different parts of the world and in different periods, as well as its linkages to China. The qiaopi trade played a big part in making China transnational. This book, the first in English on qiaopi and on the origins, structure, and operations of the qiaopi trade, makes an important contribution to our understanding of modern Chinese history and to the comparative study of global migration. It examines the culture, business, geography, and politics of the qiaopi phenomenon, both in China and abroad, as well as the special features of the qiaopi trade in each of its Chinese regions. It traces the history of the trade, including the shift from individual couriering to large-scale enterprise, and its role in China’s difficult transition from an agrarian bureaucracy under the Qing to capitalism and the start of modern statehood under the Kuomintang and then to collectivism and full statehood under the communists. The study argues that the qiaopi trade was indispensable to modern China’s economic and social modernization and the basis for one of China’s earliest excursions into the modern world. The changes that it wrought were built initially on primordial ties of locality, kinship, and dialect, and it later joined or created national, transnational, and international networks based on trade, finance, and general migration.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic correlations and stratification in social-communication networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (125) ◽  
pp. 20160598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Leo ◽  
Eric Fleury ◽  
J. Ignacio Alvarez-Hamelin ◽  
Carlos Sarraute ◽  
Márton Karsai
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The uneven distribution of wealth and individual economic capacities are among the main forces, which shape modern societies and arguably bias the emerging social structures. However, the study of correlations between the social network and economic status of individuals is difficult due to the lack of large-scale multimodal data disclosing both the social ties and economic indicators of the same population. Here, we close this gap through the analysis of coupled datasets recording the mobile phone communications and bank transaction history of one million anonymized individuals living in a Latin American country. We show that wealth and debt are unevenly distributed among people in agreement with the Pareto principle; the observed social structure is strongly stratified, with people being better connected to others of their own socioeconomic class rather than to others of different classes; the social network appears to have assortative socioeconomic correlations and tightly connected ‘rich clubs’; and that individuals from the same class live closer to each other but commute further if they are wealthier. These results are based on a representative, society-large population, and empirically demonstrate some long-lasting hypotheses on socioeconomic correlations, which potentially lay behind social segregation, and induce differences in human mobility.

Materials for the history of the gospel-Baptist movement in Ukraine

1996 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
S. Golovaschenko ◽  
Petro Kosuha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Evangelical Christians ◽  
Evangelical Christian ◽  
First Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The report is based on the first results of the study "The History of the Evangelical Christians-Baptists in Ukraine", carried out in 1994-1996 by the joint efforts of the Department of Religious Studies at the Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Odessa Theological Seminary of Evangelical Christian Baptists. A large-scale description and research of archival sources on the history of evangelical movements in our country gave the first experience of fruitful cooperation between secular and church researchers.

Making It Count

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunabh Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Statistics ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Great Leap Forward

In 1949, at the end of a long period of wars, one of the biggest challenges facing leaders of the new People's Republic of China was how much they did not know. The government of one of the world's largest nations was committed to fundamentally reengineering its society and economy via socialist planning while having almost no reliable statistical data about their own country. This book is the history of efforts to resolve this “crisis in counting.” The book explores the choices made by political leaders, statisticians, academics, statistical workers, and even literary figures in attempts to know the nation through numbers. It shows that early reliance on Soviet-inspired methods of exhaustive enumeration became increasingly untenable in China by the mid-1950s. Unprecedented and unexpected exchanges with Indian statisticians followed, as the Chinese sought to learn about the then-exciting new technology of random sampling. These developments were overtaken by the tumult of the Great Leap Forward (1958–1961), when probabilistic and exhaustive methods were rejected and statistics was refashioned into an ethnographic enterprise. By acknowledging Soviet and Indian influences, the book not only revises existing models of Cold War science but also globalizes wider developments in the history of statistics and data. Anchored in debates about statistics and its relationship to state building, the book offers fresh perspectives on China's transition to socialism.

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