scholarly journals Are Choice Experiment Treatments of Outcome Uncertainty Sufficient? An Application to Climate Risk Reductions

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Makriyannis ◽  
Robert J. Johnston ◽  
Adam W. Whelchel
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Coastal Flood ◽  
Multiple Outcome ◽  
Probability Densities ◽  
Choice Complexity ◽  
Uncertain Outcomes ◽  
Flood Adaptation

Choice experiments addressing outcome uncertainty (OU) typically reframe continuous probability densities for each risky outcome into two discrete categories, each with a single probability of occurrence. The implications of this simplification for welfare estimation are unknown. This article evaluates the convergent validity of willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates from a more accurate multiple-outcome treatment of OU, compared to the two-outcome approach. Results for a case study of coastal flood adaptation in Connecticut, United States, suggest that higher-resolution OU treatments increase choice complexity but can provide additional information on risk preferences and WTP. This tradeoff highlights challenges facing the valuation of uncertain outcomes.

scholarly journals Scoping Review of Thermal Comfort Research in Colombia

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Medina ◽  
Carolina M. Rodriguez ◽  
Maria Camila Coronado ◽  
Lina Maria Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Future ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Occupant Satisfaction

The analysis of thermal comfort in buildings, energy consumption, and occupant satisfaction is crucial to influencing the architectural design methodologies of the future. However, research in these fields in developing countries is sectorised. Most times, the standards to study and assess thermal comfort such as ASHRAE Standard 55, EN 15251, and ISO 7730 are insufficient and not appropriate for the geographical areas of application. This article presents a scoping review of published work in Colombia, as a representative case study, to highlight the state-of-the-art, research trends, gaps, and potential areas for further development. It examines the amount, origin, extent, and content of research and peer-reviewed documentation over the last decades. The findings allow new insights regarding the preferred models and the evaluation tools that have been used to date and that are recommended to use in the future. It also includes additional information regarding the most and least studied regions, cities, and climates in the country. This work could be of interest for the academic community and policymakers in the areas related to indoor and urban climate management and energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Mapping Complex Land Use Histories and Urban Renewal Using Ground Penetrating Radar: A Case Study from Fort Stanwix

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2478
Author(s):  
Tyler Stumpf ◽  
Daniel P. Bigman ◽  
Dominic J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Educational Programming ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Historic Structures ◽  
Economic Revitalization ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Fort Stanwix National Monument, located in Rome, NY, is a historic park with a complex use history dating back to the early Colonial period and through the urban expansion and recent economic revitalization of the City of Rome. The goal of this study was to conduct a GPR investigation over an area approximately 1 acre in size to identify buried historic features (particularly buildings) so park management can preserve these resources and develop appropriate educational programming and management plans. The GPR recorded reflection events consistent with our expectations of historic structures. Differences in size, shape, orientation, and depth suggest that these responses likely date to different time periods in the site’s history. The GPR recorded other reflection anomalies that are difficult to interpret without any additional information, which suggests that pairing high-density geophysical data with limited excavations is critical to elaborate a complex site’s intricate history.

Coastal Flood Hazard: A Quick Mapping Methodology. Case Study: Gioia Tauro (Italy)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1608-1617
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Chiara Barillà ◽  
Giandomenico Foti ◽  
Giuseppe Barbaro ◽  
Fabrizio Currò
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Coastal Flood

scholarly journals A Case Study of How Malay ESL Learners Build Vocabulary Using Multimedia Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
Nur Sakinah Ahmad Nasaruddin ◽  
Rosemaliza Mohd Kamalludeen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Multimedia Technology ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Students ◽  
Multimedia Tools ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Vocabulary Building ◽  
Esl Learners

This study explored the process of how Malay primary ESL learners build English vocabulary using multimedia technology. With this purpose, students’ choices of multimedia technology tools and the reasons behind the choices were investigated. The qualitative approach was employed in this study by conducting semi-structured interviews with three Malay primary school students aged 12 years old from a public school in Kuala Lumpur. The findings revealed that the students chose three main types of multimedia tools namely audio, audio-visual, and video games. The participants revealed three reasons behind their preferences of the multimedia tools which are acquisition of additional information, presence of visuals, and convenience. It was also found that the process of vocabulary-building using the preferred multimedia tools can be organised into four stages namely (i) first encounter, (ii) cognitive dissonance, (iii) establishing equilibrium, and (iv) remembering. The findings suggest English teachers to include multimedia tools in the teaching of vocabulary because it facilitates the process of vocabulary building among students as the words are learned in context and enhanced with visuals.

“I’ve Never Had to Do This on My Own”

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Kevin Correa ◽  
Sylvia Symonds
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Student Retention ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
First Generation ◽  
First Generation College Students ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
First Generation College

Receiving an acceptance letter to college can be both exciting and daunting for many students. For some, attending college has been an expectation since birth, but for others they will be the first in their family to attend. This chapter identifies ways to support emerging adults, including advising, mentoring, and coaching as they transition to the college campus and remain to complete their studies. Additional information on the challenges faced by first-generation college students is provided as well. The case study describes the First-Year Success (FYS) Center at Arizona State University. Guiding questions help readers consider how they might increase student retention and success at their own institutions.

scholarly journals How to value protection from natural hazards – a step-by-step discrete choice approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Olschewski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The People ◽  
Technical Measures ◽  
Choice Approach

Abstract. In mountainous regions, forests play a crucial role in protecting the local population from natural hazards. In cases where existing forests are destroyed, e.g. by wind throws or diseases, the protection function has to be restored through technical measures. To determine the willingness to pay (WTP) for protection against avalanches, a choice experiment has been conducted and different experiment specifications have been tested to determine possible impacts on the results. The present study contributes to a comprehensive assessment of protection measures, and helps to identify efficient solutions based on the judgement of the people potentially endangered by natural hazards. The stepwise approach has the advantage to gradually check data fit, thereby didactically showing an operational way of dealing with different model specifications. The detailed case study can serve as a manual for conducting choice experiments with a similar focus and demonstrates the suitability and caveats of this approach to value protection from natural hazards in general.

Gender and Predictors of Multiplatform Media Uses: A Case Study of the Super Bowl

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Cooper ◽  
Tang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Super Bowl ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Wide Scale

The 2012 Super Bowl was the most-watched television program in U.S. history and represented a wide-scale expansion to online and digital environments. This case study examined the role of gender in explanations for viewing the Super Bowl and for simultaneous media uses during the game. Results indicate that both men and women still relied on the traditional television for Super Bowl viewing. Newer media were used as a second-screen experience to complement the telecast or to gain additional information and social interaction. Gender differences underlie explanations for watching the Super Bowl on television and for simultaneous media uses. Findings suggest that women engaged with nonfootball elements that propel the Super Bowl from a sporting event to a societal event, whereas men indicated stronger interests in the game itself.

scholarly journals Density function theory (DFT) calculated infrared absorption spectra for nitrosamines

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1967-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wallace ◽  
S. G. Lambrakos ◽  
L. Massa
Keyword(s):  
Density Function ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Function Theory ◽  
Spectral Feature ◽  
Density Function Theory ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Additional Information

Abstract Absorption spectra within the infrared (IR) range of frequencies for nitrosamines in water are calculated using density function theory (DFT). Calculated in this study, are the IR spectra of C2H6N2O, C4H10N2O, C6H14N2O, C4H8N2O, C3H8N2O, and C8H18N2O. DFT calculated absorption spectra corresponding to vibration excited states of these molecules in continuous water background can be correlated with additional information obtained from laboratory measurements. The DFT software Gaussian was used for the calculations of excited states presented here. This case study provides proof of concept, viz., that such DFT calculated spectra can be used for their practical detection in environmental samples. Thus, DFT calculated spectra may be used to construct templates, for spectral-feature comparison, and thus detection of spectral-signature features associated with target materials.

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