A linear guide-based actuation concept for a novel morphing aileron

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (1265) ◽  
pp. 1075-1097
Author(s):  
G. Amendola ◽  
I. Dimino ◽  
A. Concilio ◽  
R. Pecora ◽  
F. Amoroso
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Static Force ◽  
Geometrical Configuration ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Structural Requirements ◽  
Linear Guide ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Hinge Axis ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Actuation Systems

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the actuation system design of a full-scale morphing aileron for regional aircraft. The aileron is allowed to smoothly change its geometrical configuration and perform the in-flight transition from a baseline shape to a set of optimal morphed ones pre-defined on the basis of aerodynamic requirements. The design of such innovative aileron is aimed not only at substituting the conventional aileron installed on a real aircraft but also to provide additional functionality. The aileron is free to rotate around its main hinge axis and it is also allowed to smoothly modify camber with two independent actuation systems. In such manner it can be used also during cruise with a symmetric deflection between the two half wings in order to reduce drag in off design condition. To accomplish variable aileron shape, a rigid-body mechanism was designed. The proposed aileron architecture is characterised by segmented adaptive ribs rigidly linked each other with spanwise reinforcements such as spars and stringers in a multi-box arrangement. Each rib is split into two movable plates connected by means of rotational hinges in a finger-like mechanism. The mechanism is driven by a load-bearing actuator by means of a kinematic chain opportunely tied based on the structural requirements in terms of shape to be matched and load to be withstood. The proposed device is an innovative arrangement of the quick-return mechanism composed of a beam leverage, commercial linear guides and a crank. The actuator shaft is directly inserted in the crank, which transmits the rotation to the linear guide that slide along a rail moving upward or downward the beam thus resulting in a camber variation. The entire aileron is moved by three leverages internally contained and distributed along the first two bays while the most external ribs are considered passive and their movement slaved. Two actuation layouts are analytically and numerically studied, the analytical theory is presented and validated by means of a multi-body simulation. Moreover, a linear static analysis was carried out under the hypothesis of glued contact between linear guides components simulating a jamming condition. This assumption has been formulated because it represents the most severe condition that envelop all the operative loads to which the actuation system is subjected. The analyses conducted are preliminarily aimed to verify that no failure occur under the imposed loads. In this first design loop, the vertical static force acting on the linear carriage exceeded allowable value and then a new configuration with double-sided linear guides was then investigated.

Design, modeling, and analysis of wedge-based actuator with application to clutch-to-clutch shift

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
pp. 1149-1166
Author(s):  
Fengyu Liu ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Jian Yao ◽  
Chunhao Lee ◽  
Chi-kuan Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Shift Quality ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Automatic Transmissions ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Actuation Systems

Clutch-to-clutch shift technology is a key enabler for fast and smooth gear shift process for multi gear transmissions. However, conventional hydraulic actuation systems for clutches have drawbacks of low efficiency, oil leakage and inadequate robustness. Electromechanical devices offer potential alternative actuators. In this paper, a novel motor driven wedge-based clutch actuator, featuring self-reinforcement, is proposed. The design concept and physical structure are thoroughly described. Dynamic models for the actuation system and vehicle powertrain are validated by experiments. Upshift and downshift processes at different engine throttle openings, clutch clearances and friction coefficients are discussed. The results show that, the self-reinforcement ratio is tested as 9.6; at the same time, the shift quality is comparable to that of the conventional hydraulic actuated clutch in automatic transmissions in terms of the shift duration (about 1 s) and vehicle jerk (<10 m/s3). Taking advantage of fast response of the actuation DC motor, the wedge-based actuator is robust dealing with uncertain clutch clearance and friction coefficient. Therefore, the wedge-based clutch actuator has potential to provide acceptable performance for clutch-to-clutch shift.

scholarly journals Non-Conventional Actuation Mechanisms used in Mechatronic systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 05-10
Author(s):  
Rajiv Chaudhary ◽  
◽  
Alok Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Engine System ◽  
Mechanical Elements ◽  
Actuation Systems ◽  
Mechanical Actuation

Tracking the path of development in different Engineering disciplines, it can be easily observed that, right from the primitive stage, several tools, devices, and techniques may be identified, which happened by virtue of the evolution of human intelligence, getting transformed into various engineering applications. Although, later different engineering disciplines evolved, where most of the exhaustive development could be undertaken in that discipline. Likewise, in the field of mechanical engineering to various types of mechanical systems, according to the requirement in that field, were developed, in order to provide support of mechanization. Prime movers used to be an important part of these mechanical systems, which provided energy input as well as actuation required for providing the machines the desired kinematics. Most of the mechanical systems developed has been operated by conventional engine system using one or other fuel. Apart from the actuation by mechanical means, there are other means also through which mechanical actuation with better control, flexibility, and manipulation may be utilized in mechanical systems. A different category of systems, called Mechatronic systems has been developed in the recent past, which involves the vivid scope of use of techniques, devices, and components generally used in various other engineering fields of electrical, electronics, hydraulics, and pneumatics, etc. Subsequently, there have been several inventions, design & development which have added new levels in every field. Mechanical systems have been generally composed of various mechanical elements, which are designed to follow certain kinematics. The performance of the Actuation system plays an important role in the overall performance of the mechanical systems. There are several alternative actuation systems, which are not mechanical. These actuation systems may be categorized into electrical, electronics, hydraulic and pneumatic types. The features of these actuation systems, are so peculiar, that typical kinematic movement may be manipulated that too with more precision. Better control of mechanical systems may be realized, which is otherwise difficult with mechanical systems. In this paper, an effort has been made to review the possibilities, prospects as well as scope with various actuation systems.

Theoretical Modeling for Electroactive Polymer-Ceramic Hybrid Actuation Systems

Aerospace ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Bing Xu ◽  
Ji Su
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Electromechanical Responses ◽  
Electromechanical Performance ◽  
New Type ◽  
Hybrid Actuation ◽  
Actuation Systems ◽  
Further Development

An electroactive polymer-ceramic hybrid actuation system (HYBAS) was recently developed. The HYBAS demonstrates significantly-enhanced electromechanical performance by utilizing advantages of cooperative contributions of the electromechanical responses of an electrostrictive copolymer and an electroactive single crystal. The hybrid actuation system provides not only a new type of device but also a concept to utilize different electroactive materials in a cooperative and efficient method for optimized electromechanical performance. In order to develop an effective procedure to optimize the performance of a hybrid actuation system (HYBAS), a theoretical model has been developed, based on the elastic and electromechanical properties of the materials utilized in the system and on the configuration of the device. The model also evaluates performance optimization as a function of geometric parameters, including the length of the HYBAS and the thickness ratios of the constituent components. The comparison between the model and the experimental results shows a good agreement and validates the model as an effective method for the further development of high performance actuating devices or systems for various applications.

Development of a variable mode valve actuation system for a heavy-duty engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 2618-2633
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Wuqiang Long ◽  
Jingchen Cui ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
Xiangyu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Valve Lift ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Driving Mode ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Failure State ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Variable Mode ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Valve Actuation

A new variable mode valve actuation system for a heavy-duty engine was proposed and designed in this paper. The variable mode valve actuation system can significantly enhance braking safety and improve fuel economy and emission of heavy-duty engines through flexible switching among four-stroke driving mode, two-stroke compression-release braking mode, and cylinder deactivation mode on a conventional four-stroke engine. The switching was controlled by four-stroke driving modules and two-stroke braking modules, both of which have two operation states: effective state and failure state. For the control of the multi-cylinder engine, all cylinders can be divided into several groups, and all the four-stroke driving modules in the same group were controlled by one solenoid valve, as well as all the two-stroke braking modules were controlled by another solenoid valve. A hydraulic-mechanical multi-body dynamics model was established to investigate the switching response of the variable mode valve actuation system. The results indicated that when the engine operated at 2000 r/min, the switching of the four-stroke driving module and the two-stroke braking module required 30 °CA and 101 °CA at most, respectively. In addition, to avoid the conflict between the four-stroke driving valve lift and the two-stroke braking valve lift, the switching between the four-stroke driving mode and the two-stroke compression-release braking mode must have a reasonable sequence. The variable mode valve actuation system has an excellent switching response and it is convenient for the control of the multi-cylinder engine. Therefore, the variable mode valve actuation system has a good application prospect for heavy-duty engines.

Metal Hydride Fluidic Artificial Muscle Actuation System

2008 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Vanderhoff ◽  
Kwang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Hydride Hydrogen ◽  
Actuation Devices ◽  
Fluidic Muscle ◽  
Actuation Systems ◽  
Future Work

AbstractThe study determines the feasibility of a new actuation system that couples a fluidic artificial muscle designed by Festo [1] with a metal hydride hydrogen compressor to create a compact, lightweight, noiseless system capable of high forces and smooth actuation. An initial model for the complete system is developed. The analysis is restricted in some aspects concerning the complexity of the hydriding/dehydriding chemical process of the system and the three-dimensional geometry of the reactor, but it provides a useful comparison to other actuation devices and clearly reveals the parameters necessary for optimization of the actuation system in future work. The system shows comparable work output and has the benefits of biological muscle-like properties [2] for use in robotic systems. When compared to other previously developed metal hydride actuation systems the potential for increasing the reaction kinetics and improving the overall power output of the system is revealed. A comparison of the system to common actuation devices, including a biological muscle, shows similar stress and strain relations, but a lower power and frequency range due to the slow actuation time. Improving the reaction kinetics of the system will be the first approach to enhancing the system, along with optimization of the mass and type of metal hydride used in the reactor to produce a full actuation stoke of the fluidic muscle while minimizing system weight.

A Magnetorheological Actuation System: Part I — Testing

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaju John ◽  
Jin-Hyeong Yoo ◽  
Norman M. Wereley
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Active Vibration Control ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Wheatstone Bridge ◽  
Mr Fluids ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Hybrid Devices ◽  
Actuation Systems ◽  
Frequency Rectification ◽  
Moving Parts

There is a demand for compact hybrid actuation systems which combines actuation and valving systems in a compact package. Such self-contained actuation systems have potential applications in the field of rotorcraft (as active pitch links) and automotive engineering (as active vibration control devices). Hybrid hydraulic actuation systems, based on frequency rectification of the high frequency motion of an active material, can be used to exploit the high bandwidth of smart material to design devices with high force and stroke. Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are active fluids whose viscosity can be changed through the application of a magnetic field. By using MR fluids as the hydraulic fluid in such hybrid devices, a valving system with no moving parts can be implemented. Such a system will be attractive in rotorcraft applications with large centrifugal force loading. Thus, MR fluids can be used to control the motion of an output cylinder. The MR fluid based valves can be configured in the form of a Wheatstone bridge to produce bi-directional motion in an output cylinder by alternately applying a magnetic field in the two arms of the bridge. In this study, the actuation is performed using a compact Terfenol-D stack driven actuator. The frequency rectification of the stack motion is done using reed valves. This actuator and valve configuration form a compact hydraulic system with fluidic valves. The advantages of such systems are that part count is low, absence of moving parts and the possibility of continuous controllability of the output cylinder. By applying varying magnetic fields in the arms of the bridge (by applying different currents to the coils), the differential pressure acting on the output cylinder can be controlled. The description of the experimental setup, the tests performed and the experimental results are presented in this paper.

On the Dynamic Response of Actuation Devices in Nonlinear Dynamics Systems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir Rastegar ◽  
Dake Feng
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Inertial Load ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Feed Forward Control ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Actuation Devices ◽  
Actuation Systems

This paper presents a study of the dynamic response of actuation devices used in mechanical systems with nonlinear dynamics such as robot manipulators. The study shows that the actuation forces/torques provided by actuation devices can be divided into two basic groups. The first group corresponds to the components of each actuator force/torque that is “actuator motion independent”. The dynamic response of this group is relatively high and limited only by the dynamic response limitations — for the case of electrically driven actuation systems — of the driving power amplifiers, electronics, computational and signal processing devices and components. The second group corresponds to those components of the actuator forces/torques that is “actuator motion dependent”. The dynamic response of this group is relatively low and dependent on the actuator effective inertial load and actuation speed. In all mechanical systems that are properly designed, the dynamic response of the first group is significantly higher than those of the second group. By separating the required actuating forces/torques into the above two groups, the dynamic response of such nonlinear dynamics systems may be determined for a given synthesized trajectory. The information can also be used to significantly increase the performance of control systems of such mechanical systems. When a feed-forward control signal is used, the performance of the system is shown to be significantly improved by generating each one of the group of components separately considering the dynamic response of the actuation system to each one of the groups of components. An example and practical methods of implementing the proposed feed-forward control for nonlinear dynamics systems are provided.

A smart hydraulic joint for future implementation in robotic structures

Robotica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Berring ◽  
K. Kianfar ◽  
C. Lira ◽  
C. Menon ◽  
F. Scarpa
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Flexible Joint ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Actuation Systems ◽  
Static Behaviour

SUMMARYA hydraulic flexible joint inspired by the actuation system of spiders is investigated in this paper. Its design and characteristics are discussed and a mathematical model is developed to describe its static behaviour. Results of experimental tests are presented to validate its performance. A comparison to other hydraulic actuation systems is performed. The use of the proposed hydraulic flexible joint in adaptive robotic structures is addressed and discussed.

High Precision Hydrostatic Actuation Systems for Micro- and Nanomanipulation of Heavy Loads

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Habibi ◽  
Richard Burton ◽  
Eric Sampson
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Large Load ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Actuation Systems ◽  
Laboratory Prototype ◽  
Electrohydraulic Actuator

In this paper reports on an important finding, that is, hydrostatic actuation systems are able to manipulate heavy loads with submicron precision and a large stroke. In this relation, the design of a high-precision hydrostatic actuation system referred to as the ElectroHydraulic Actuator (EHA) is presented. A laboratory prototype of this system has achieved an unprecedented level of performance by being able to move a large load of 20Kg with a precision of 100nm and a stroke of 12cm. This level of performance places the hydrostatic actuation concept in competition with piezoelectric platforms in terms of positional accuracy. Experimental results from this prototype are reported and analyzed.

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