A multi-disciplinary toolbox for rotorcraft design

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (1250) ◽  
pp. 620-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Weiand ◽  
A. Krenik
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Distributed Computation ◽  
Fundamental Concept ◽  
Software Framework ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Main Rotor ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to outline the structure of the DLR integrated rotorcraft design process. The complexity of rotorcraft design requires the development of the tools directly by the specialists of the respective institutes, where the tools are continuously refined and published to authorised users. The integration of the tools into a suitable software framework by means of distributed computation and the harmonisation of the tools among each other are presented. This framework delivers a high level of modularity making the layout and testing of the process very flexible. This design environment covers the conceptual and preliminary design phases. Not only conventional main/tail rotor configurations can be designed, but also some other configurations with more than one main rotor. The fundamental concept behind the layout of the tools is demonstrated, especially the use of scaling and optimisation loops in connection with the different levels of fidelity and the different phases of design.

scholarly journals A SIMPLE PROPOSAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT DESIGN CATALOGS

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Yellowley ◽  
Paul Winkelman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Intelligent Design ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Software Framework ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Novice Designers ◽  
Standard Components

Engineers frequently refer to catalogues when designing products and by carefully selecting standard components, they are able to create their own unique systems. Unfortunately, these catalogues tend to serve a limited audience as they favour experienced designers. This research is aimed at developing a software framework that renders catalogue data more accessible to novice designers. The system envisaged is composed of a highly object oriented virtual design environment that allows engineers to develop their products at the conceptual level and then draw on catalogue data as they enter the embodiment and specification phase of the design process. In addition to catalogue data, this design environment must integrate other design aids, such as graphics, simulation and analysis programs. Ultimately, the virtual environment should allow novice designers to develop systems that rival those of experienced engineers using traditional catalogues.

scholarly journals Aircraft Requirements for Sustainable Regional Aviation

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Dominik Eisenhut ◽  
Nicolas Moebs ◽  
Evert Windels ◽  
Dominique Bergmann ◽  
Ingmar Geiß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
System Level ◽  
Policy Initiative ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Figures Of Merit ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Eu

Recently, the new Green Deal policy initiative was presented by the European Union. The EU aims to achieve a sustainable future and be the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. It targets all of the continent’s industries, meaning aviation must contribute to these changes as well. By employing a systems engineering approach, this high-level task can be split into different levels to get from the vision to the relevant system or product itself. Part of this iterative process involves the aircraft requirements, which make the goals more achievable on the system level and allow validation of whether the designed systems fulfill these requirements. Within this work, the top-level aircraft requirements (TLARs) for a hybrid-electric regional aircraft for up to 50 passengers are presented. Apart from performance requirements, other requirements, like environmental ones, are also included. To check whether these requirements are fulfilled, different reference missions were defined which challenge various extremes within the requirements. Furthermore, figures of merit are established, providing a way of validating and comparing different aircraft designs. The modular structure of these aircraft designs ensures the possibility of evaluating different architectures and adapting these figures if necessary. Moreover, different criteria can be accounted for, or their calculation methods or weighting can be changed.

scholarly journals Mutual Impact between Clock Gating and High Level Synthesis in Reconfigurable Hardware Accelerators

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Francesco Ratto ◽  
Tiziana Fanni ◽  
Luigi Raffo ◽  
Carlo Sau
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Hardware Acceleration ◽  
High Level Synthesis ◽  
Clock Gating ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

With the diffusion of cyber-physical systems and internet of things, adaptivity and low power consumption became of primary importance in digital systems design. Reconfigurable heterogeneous platforms seem to be one of the most suitable choices to cope with such challenging context. However, their development and power optimization are not trivial, especially considering hardware acceleration components. On the one hand high level synthesis could simplify the design of such kind of systems, but on the other hand it can limit the positive effects of the adopted power saving techniques. In this work, the mutual impact of different high level synthesis tools and the application of the well known clock gating strategy in the development of reconfigurable accelerators is studied. The aim is to optimize a clock gating application according to the chosen high level synthesis engine and target technology (Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)). Different levels of application of clock gating are evaluated, including a novel multi level solution. Besides assessing the benefits and drawbacks of the clock gating application at different levels, hints for future design automation of low power reconfigurable accelerators through high level synthesis are also derived.

scholarly journals Application of an Artificial Neural Network to Automate the Measurement of Kinematic Characteristics of Punches in Boxing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Ilshat Khasanshin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Constant Control ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

This work aimed to study the automation of measuring the speed of punches of boxers during shadow boxing using inertial measurement units (IMUs) based on an artificial neural network (ANN). In boxing, for the effective development of an athlete, constant control of the punch speed is required. However, even when using modern means of measuring kinematic parameters, it is necessary to record the circumstances under which the punch was performed: The type of punch (jab, cross, hook, or uppercut) and the type of activity (shadow boxing, single punch, or series of punches). Therefore, to eliminate errors and accelerate the process, that is, automate measurements, the use of an ANN in the form of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) is proposed. During the experiments, IMUs were installed on the boxers’ wrists. The input parameters of the ANN were the absolute acceleration and angular velocity. The experiment was conducted for three groups of boxers with different levels of training. The developed model showed a high level of punch recognition for all groups, and it can be concluded that the use of the ANN significantly accelerates the collection of data on the kinetic characteristics of boxers’ punches and allows this process to be automated.

scholarly journals Evolution of the ALICE Software Framework for Run 3

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 05010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Eulisse ◽  
Piotr Konopka ◽  
Mikolaj Krzewicki ◽  
Matthias Richter ◽  
David Rohr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Message Passing ◽  
Software Framework ◽  
Distributed Software ◽  
Central Collisions ◽  
Modular Software ◽  
Level Trigger ◽  
Data Throughput ◽  
High Level

ALICE is one of the four major LHC experiments at CERN. When the accelerator enters the Run 3 data-taking period, starting in 2021, ALICE expects almost 100 times more Pb-Pb central collisions than now, resulting in a large increase of data throughput. In order to cope with this new challenge, the collaboration had to extensively rethink the whole data processing chain, with a tighter integration between Online and Offline computing worlds. Such a system, code-named ALICE O2, is being developed in collaboration with the FAIR experiments at GSI. It is based on the ALFA framework which provides a generalized implementation of the ALICE High Level Trigger approach, designed around distributed software entities coordinating and communicating via message passing. We will highlight our efforts to integrate ALFA within the ALICE O2 environment. We analyze the challenges arising from the different running environments for production and development, and conclude on requirements for a flexible and modular software framework. In particular we will present the ALICE O2 Data Processing Layer which deals with ALICE specific requirements in terms of Data Model. The main goal is to reduce the complexity of development of algorithms and managing a distributed system, and by that leading to a significant simplification for the large majority of the ALICE users.

scholarly journals Model-Driven Architectural Framework towards Safe and Secure Nuclear Power Reactors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5136
Author(s):  
Bassem Ouni ◽  
Christophe Aussagues ◽  
Saadia Dhouib ◽  
Chokri Mraidha
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
System Development ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Case System ◽  
Architectural Framework ◽  
Performance Check ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

Sensor-based digital systems for Instrumentation and Control (I&C) of nuclear reactors are quite complex in terms of architecture and functionalities. A high-level framework is highly required to pre-evaluate the system’s performance, check the consistency between different levels of abstraction and address the concerns of various stakeholders. In this work, we integrate the development process of I&C systems and the involvement of stakeholders within a model-driven methodology. The proposed approach introduces a new architectural framework that defines various concepts, allowing system implementations and encompassing different development phases, all actors, and system concerns. In addition, we define a new I&C Modeling Language (ICML) and a set of methodological rules needed to build different architectural framework views. To illustrate this methodology, we extend the specific use of an open-source system engineering tool, named Eclipse Papyrus, to carry out many automation and verification steps at different levels of abstraction. The architectural framework modeling capabilities will be validated using a realistic use case system for the protection of nuclear reactors. The proposed framework is able to reduce the overall system development cost by improving links between different specification tasks and providing a high abstraction level of system components.

Impact of Secondary Flow on the Accuracy of Simplified Design Methods for Steam Turbine Stages

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Schumann ◽  
Ulrich Harbecke ◽  
Daniel Sahnen ◽  
Thomas Polklas ◽  
Peter Jeschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Line Design ◽  
Radial Equilibrium

The subject of the presented paper is the validation of a design method for HP and IP steam turbine stages. Common design processes have been operating with simplified design methods in order to quickly obtain feasible stage designs. Therefore, inaccuracies due to assumptions in the underlying methods have to be accepted. The focus of this work is to quantify the inaccuracy of a simplified design method compared to 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Short computing time is very convenient in preliminary design; therefore, common design methods work with a large degree of simplification. The origin of the presented analysis is a mean line design process, dealing with repeating stage conditions. Two features of the preliminary design are the stage efficiency, based on loss correlations, and the mechanical strength, obtained by using the beam theory. Due to these simplifications, only a few input parameters are necessary to define the primal stage geometry and hence, the optimal design can easily be found. In addition, by using an implemented law to take the radial equilibrium into account, the appropriate twist of the blading can be defined. However, in comparison to the real radial distribution of flow angles, this method implies inaccuracies, especially in regions of secondary flow. In these regions, twisted blades, developed by using the simplified radial equilibrium, will be exposed to a three-dimensional flow, which is not considered in the design process. The analyzed design cases show that discrepancies at the hub and shroud section do exist, but have minor effects. Even the shroud section, with its thinner leading-edge, is not vulnerable to these unanticipated flow angles.

Yacht Design with Computers: New Methods for New Tools

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Hazen ◽  
Steve Killing
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Original Design ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Design Office ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Cad Cam

From the perspective of the design office, this paper examines the manner in which computers are streamlining and changing the design process for today's sailing yachts. Starting with preliminary design and progressing through the more detailed aspects of final design, the computer's varying roles in the design process are traced with examples drawn from currently implemented programs. In addition to its customary role as a bookkeeper, the computer's remarkable graphics capabilities are highlighted. The authors offer a glimpse of what programs and hardware tomorrow's yacht designer will use as frequently as his curves and battens. The paper covers such subjects as design follow-up, sailing analysis and feedback into the original design process. Since designers are not the only ones to benefit from the computer revolution, the authors have included sections on computer generated sailing aids for the yachtsman and possible CAD/CAM applications for the boatbuilder.

AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR PRELIMINARY STABILITY AND CONFIGURATION ANALYSES OF SEMI-SUBMERSIBLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 159 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G D Gosain ◽  
R Sharma ◽  
Tae-wan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Preliminary Stage ◽  
Steel Weight ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Almost All

In the modern era of design governed by economics and efficiency, the preliminary design of a semi-submersible is critically important because in an evolutionary design environment new designs evolve from the basic preliminary designs and the basic dimensions and configurations affect almost all the parameters related to the economics and efficiency (e.g. hydrodynamic response, stability, deck load and structural steel weight of the structure, etc.). The present paper is focused on exploring an optimum design method that aims not only at optimum motion characteristics but also optimum stability, manufacturing and operational efficiency. Our proposed method determines the most preferable optimum principal dimensions of a semi-submersible that satisfies the desired requirements for motion performance and stability at the preliminary stage of design. Our proposed design approach interlinks the mathematical design model with the global optimization techniques and this paper presents the preliminary design approach, the mathematical model of optimization. Finally, a real world design example of a semi-submersible is presented to show the applicability and efficiency of the proposed design optimization model at the preliminary stage of design.

Optimization Methods for Calculating Design Imprecision

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Law ◽  
Erik K. Antonsson
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Experiment Design ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Evaluation Functions ◽  
Incomplete Design ◽  
Alternative Designs

Abstract The preliminary design process is characterized by imprecision: the vagueness of an incomplete design description. The Method of Imprecision uses the mathematics of fuzzy sets to explicitly represent and manipulate imprecise preliminary design information, enabling the designer to explore the space of alternative designs in the context of the designer and customer’s preferences among alternatives. This paper introduces new methods to perform Method of Imprecision calculations for general non-monotonic design evaluation functions that address the practical necessity to minimize the number of function evaluations. These methods utilize optimization and experiment design.

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